• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between mid parental height (MPH), birth weight, current growth condition of children (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age) and final height of the future. Methods The study was conducted with 237 children, who were 12 - 14 years old. They were analyzed to find out the relationship between MPH, birth weight, height, current weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age and predicted height. Results 1. As MPH was increased, height and predicted height were also increased. As MPHs in girls were increased, 'bone age - chronological age' were decreased. As MPHs in girls were increased, body fat percentages were decreased. 2. As birth weights were increased, height, weight, BMI and body fat percentages were also increased in boys. 3. As body fat percentage was increased, predicted height was decreased. As 'bone age - chronological age' was increased, predicted height was decreased. As BMI was increased, 'bone age - chronological age' was increased. As body fat percentages in boys were increased, heights were decreased. As body fat percentages in girls were increased, 'bone age - chronological age' were increased. Conclusions MPH, birth weight, current growth condition (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age) and predicted height are correlated to each other. There are some differences between boys and girls in these relationships.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 1966

Studies on the rate of growth, the rate of feeding and the efficiency of food conversion on the stage of new-born fries to the near adult size for three species of cuttlefishes , Sepia esculenta, Sepia subaculeata, Sepiella maindroni and two species of squids, Sepioteuthis lessomiana, Euprymna berryi were carried out in the process of artificial raising, and then argued about a feasibility of the propagation of cuttlefishes and squids. 1. The relation between the daily age (D) and the body weight(W) of Sepia exculent is expressed in a logarithmic equation, log W=3.0649 log D-4.2768. The daily rates of growth through 121 days of the raising period were 1.46 per cent for the man시 length and 1.67 percent for the body weight. The raipidest growth of Sepia esculenta is observed at the stage of 1 to 4 cm in the mantle length . At that time the daily rates of growth reach 3.3 to 5.5 percent for the mantle length and 10.4 to 12.0 percent for the body weight, respectively. The growth of Sepia esculenta varies a great deal to the bait. When fed on a dead bait the rates of growth decrease 17 per cent for the mantle length and 26 percent for the body weight compared with those fed on a live bait. 2. The relation between the daily age and the body weight of Sepia subaculeata is expressed in a logarithmic equation, log W=3.7447 log D-4.9003. The daily rates of growth through 110 days of the raising period were 1.63 percent for the mantle length and 1.83 percent for the body weight. The rapidest growth of Selia subaculeata is observed at the stage of 1.5 to 9.0 cm in the mantle length. At that time the daily rates of growth reach 3.1 to 7.4 percent for the mantle length and 6.8 to 16.7 percent for the body weight , respectively. 3. The relation between tehdaily age and the body weight of Sepiella maindroni is expressed in a ogarithmic equation , log W=2.9332 log D-3.8224 . The daily rates of growth through 133 days of the rearing period were 1.39 percent for the mantle length and 1.51 percent for the body weight . The rapidest growth of Sepiella maindroni is observed at the stage of 0.4 to 5.8 cm in the mantle length. At that time the daily rates for growth reach 4.6 to 7.3 percent for the mantle length and 8.5 to 15.4 percent for the body weight , respectively. 4. The daily rates of growth onthe stage of 0.5 to 6.0 comin the mantle length of Sepioteuthis lessoniana were 4.1 to 5.9 percent for the mantle length and 7.1 to 10.7 percent for the body weight . 5. During the rearing period of 31 days immediately after the hatching , the daily rateof feeding of Sepia esculenta marked 11.0 to 39.4 percent (28.2 percent in an average), and the efficiency of food conversion of this species reached 9.0 to 71.0percent (38.7percent in an average). Even at the more growing stage of 4.5to 6.2 cm in the mantle length, the daily rate of feeding of three species of cuttlefishes wee maintained 17.7 percent for Sepia esculenta, 30.8 percent for Sepia subaculeata and 34.7percent for Sepiella maindroni on an average. 6. The efficiency of food coversion of cuttlefishes and squids are larger than those of other fishes, and all the species are rapid in their growth. Four to five months are thought to be enough for their growing into a fair commercial size.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between weak children and growth indices. Methods One hundred twenty-six of the first and the second grade elementary school students who didn't have to develop yet their secondary sexual characteristics answered the questionnaire. Their bone age and body composition were measured. Results 1. According to the Weak Children questionnaire analysis, respiratory problem was one of the biggest problems in the weak children group (35.7%), followed by digestive problems (23.0%), psycho-neurological problems (22.2%), neuromotor problems (9.5%), and urogenital problems (8.7%). 2. From the comparison between growth indices of weak children and that of normal children are as follows: 1) The group of children who had problem in their digestive system had lower growth indices than the normal average children group. The growth indices includes mean height, weight, total body water, protein mass, mineral mass, body fat, skeletal muscle mass, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). 2) The children who had urogenital weakness had lower mean height, RH (Recent Height), RH - MPH {Recent Height(%) - Mid-Parental Height(%)}, RUS (Radius, Ulna and Short bone) score, weight, protein mass, body fat, BMI, and visceral fat than the normal children group. 3. The results of the multiple comparisons of growth indices and weak children groups are as follows: 1) Digestive weak children were the lowest in total body water, protein mass, mineral mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate. 2) Urogenital weak children were the lowest in height, RH, RH - MPH, RUS score, and weight. Conclusion These results showed that children's growth is strongly correlated to their own growth problems, especially to those children who have digestive and urogenital problems. Therefore, this may be an effective way for children growth treatment in Korean medicine to treat weak symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 1979

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ovariectomy and estradiol benzoate administration on body growth and development of endocrine glands in female rats. One hundred and twenty female rats, 30 days old weighing 72.0${\pm}$3.0g, were divided into control and ovariectomized groups and divided again into two groups, treated and untreated with estradiol benzoate, respectively. Each group was composed of 30 rats. Hormone was injected every two week interval. The body weight was measured weekly from the beginning of treatment to 63 days after treatment and 6 rats per group were sacrificed at 7, 21, 35, 49 and 63 days after treatment for weight change of endocrine gland. The results obtained were as follows: 1. the changes in the body weight during the experimental period were not signifilcantly different between two groups, although the body weight of ovariectomized groups were heavier than that of control groups and the body weight of treated group with estradiol benzoate was heavier than that of untreated group. 2. The body lengths in all groups were increased proportionally to body weight until 63 days after treatment and there were not significantly different among the experimental groups. 3. The weight of hypophysis treated with estradial benzoate in ovariectomized groups was continuously increased in the whole period and was highly significant at 49 and 63 days after treatment as compared with those of untreated in ovariectomized group. 4. Adrenal gland weights of the control and ovariectomized group treated with estradiol benzoate were distinctly light at 21 days after treatment, but there were not significantly different among all groups at 35 days. Adrenal gland weight of ovariectomized groups was smaller than control groups at 49 days and untreated group in ovariectomized groups was considerably smaller than the other 3 groups at 63 days after treatment. 5. In control rats, the ovary weight treated group with estradiol benzoate was larger than the untreated group at 35 days after treatment, but was smaller than the untreated group after 49 days. 6. The weight of reproductive tract in ovariectomized groups were markedly smaller than control groups till 35 days after treatment. The growth of reproductive tract untreated in ovariectomized groups was almost completely depressed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 1986

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the coordination and correlation of growth pattern between craniomaxillary complex and mandible, and among the craniofacial region, body-weight and stature. 14 boys and 16 girls between 6 and 12 years of age were used in this study. The result were as follows; 1. Total increments and maximum increment in mandible is higher than in oraniomaxillary complex during given period and no significant sexual difference existed. 2. The annual growth of craniofacial region did not assume an aspect of constant growth, periodically. 3. Craniofacial growth pattern was interrelated with stature more than with body-weight. 4. The growth behavior of body-weight and stature coincided with the growth of craniofacial region or preceded it in time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.227-230
• /
• 1991

A comparative study was conducted in total thirty six large while weaner pigs of about 15 kg body weight namely boars, barrows and gilts to evaluate best sex and economic slaughter weight with one standard ration. In 159 days study period feed consumption, growth, feed conversion ratio and carcass quality were judged in all sexes of pigs at 50, 70 and 90 kg body weight. It was noted that upto 70 kg body weight the growth in boars and gills 46.0 and 49.0 kg and feed conversion ratio 4.83 and 4.81 were superior and economical over the barrows, which were 45.5 kg and 4.95. Later on there were too many fluctuations in growth and feed conversion ratio in all sexes of pigs, which would be uneconomical. Carcass quality was also better in boars and gilts than barrows, No boar taint was noted in most of the boar carcasses. Hence it is concluded that boars and gilts can be raised upto the 70 kg body weight for economic pork production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.611-616
• /
• 1995

A study was conducted which demonstrated that Dhofari cattle responded well to intensive management systems in terms of growth rates and carcass yields. Twenty-four Omani Dhofari bulls and steers (12 of each) were reared from birth until slaughter at 110, 160 and 210 kg body weight (for of each sex at each slaughter weight). Calves were fed ad libitum a diet of concentrate (16.5% CP) and Rhodesgrass hay (8.8% CP). Bulls and steers reached the predetermined slaughter weights of 110, 160 and 210 kg at 154 and 164; 219 and 233; 273 and 310 days of age, respectively. Respective mean pre and post-weaning daily body weight gains for bulls and steers were 581 and 530; 796 and 706 g averaging 645 and 596 g over 36 weeks. At 210 kg, the heaviest weight of the study, dressing-out percentage (DO) was 54.5 and 56.9 yielding carcasses of 115.9 and 118.5 kg which contained 60.4 and 61.5% muscle; 11.6 and 11.4% bone and 24.5 and 22.9% fat for bulls and steers, respectively. Proportion of bone in the carcass decreased, that of fat increased, whereas that of muscle remained unchanged between slaughter weights of 110 to 210 kg. That resulted in increased muscle : bone and decreased muscle : fat ratios. At 160 kg body weight, bulls had less fat and more muscle and bone than steers but there were no sex differences in carcass composition at 210 kg slaughter weight.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2024

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of initial body weight and synbiotics supplementation in the diet on growth performance of weaned pigs. A total of 80 crossbred pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, d 28±3, body weight 6.40±1.70 kg) were randomly distributed 4 treatments (4 replication, 5 pigs/replication). The treatments were 1) high initial body weight group (PC), 2) low initional body weight group (NC), 3) low initial body weight with 0.2% antibiotics (amoxicillin) supplementaion group (AB), 4) low initial body weight with 0.2% synbiotics (AllTech^® Bio-Mos 0.3%, 0.3%, Bacillus subtillis 0.1%, formic acid 0.1%) supplementation group (Syn). AllTech^® Bio-Mos is consist of at least 25% of glucomannanprotein extracted from the cell wall of Saccaromycess cerevisae. Growth performance was measured during 28 d. Average daily gain (ADG) of AB and Syn groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of NC group. However, final body weight at the end of experiment were not different among NC, AB, and Syn groups. Initial body weight and final body weight of PC group were statistically (p<0.001) higher compared to those of other groups. Additionally, PC showed the tendency of lower average daily feed intake and higher ADG, thereby lower feed conversion ratio compared with other groups. Therefore, the current results imply that supplementation of antibiotics and synbiotics in diets for weaned pigs could not catch up with significant differences in initial body weight.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of Jowonsangamibang(JWS) on the growth of rats. Methods : First of all, we divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups(J1, J2, J3 and sham group). Then J1, J2 and J3 groups were administered with JWS water extracts(JWSE) once a day at a dosage 250, 500, 1,000mg/kg respectively for 3 weeks. The sham group was administered with normal saline in the same manner. And we measured body weight, amount of body weight increased, length of femur, serum GH, serum IGF-I, serum TSH and serum testosterone after each week. Results : There were no significant changes of body weight, the level of GH, TSH, and testosterone in J1, J2 and J3 groups. The change of body weight gained was increased significantly in the J3 group compared with the sham group after 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The length of the femur was increased significantly in the J2 group after 1 week and in the J3 group after 3 weeks compared with the sham group. The level of IGF-I in the serum was increased significantly in J1, J3 after 1 week compared with the sham group. Conclusion : According to the results above, JWS increased body weight, length of femur, serum GH, serum IGF-1 compared with the sham group. This study shows that JWS has an effect on promoting the growth of rats, thus it's expected to treat of growth delay in children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.8
• /
• pp.1066-1073
• /
• 2017

Objective: Growth-related traits are important economic traits in the swine industry. However, the genetic mechanism of growth-related traits is little known. The aim of this study was to screen the candidate genes and molecular markers associated with body dimension and body weight traits in pigs. Methods: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) on body dimension and body weight traits was performed in a White $Duroc{\times}Erhualian$ $F_2$ intercross by the illumina PorcineSNP60K Beadchip. A mixed linear model was used to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the phenotypes. Results: In total, 611 and 79 SNPs were identified significantly associated with body dimension traits and body weight respectively. All SNPs but 62 were located into 23 genomic regions (quantitative trait loci, QTLs) on 14 autosomal and X chromosomes in Sus scrofa Build 10.2 assembly. Out of the 23 QTLs with the suggestive significance level ($5{\times}10^{-4}$), three QTLs exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold ($1.15{\times}10^{-6}$). Except the one on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 7 which was reported previously all the QTLs are novel. In addition, we identified 5 promising candidate genes, including cell division cycle 7 for abdominal circumference, pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1 and neuropeptides B/W receptor 1 for both body weight and cannon bone circumference on SSC4, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 for hip circumference on SSC17. Conclusion: The results have not only demonstrated a number of potential genes/loci associated with the growth-related traits in pigs, but also laid a foundation for studying the genes' role and further identifying causative variants underlying these loci.