• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.769-776
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• 2004

Data from 24 feeding trials conducted on lactating cattle from different institutes across India were subjected to regression analysis to derive requirements of ME, TDN, CP and DCP for maintenance, milk production and body weight gain. Maintenance requirements for ME, TDN, CP and DCP were 598 KJ, 39.5 g, 6.27 g and 2.90 g/kg $W^{0.75}$, respectively and the corresponding requirements for production of 1 kg 4% FCM were 5,023 KJ, 332 g, 82 g and 58 g. The corresponding requirements for one g gain in BW were 27 KJ, 1.78 g, 0.44 g and 0.19 g. Regression equations had high $R^{2}$ values (0.67 to 0.90) and the equations (Fvalue) as well as coefficients were highly significant (p<0.001). Regressed values were used to develop feeding standards. Derived values matched well with the actual intake versus performance of animals under diverse feeding conditions. The new standards so derived predicted requirements and intake of nutrients for different production levels better than existing feeding standards; as these are based on a more thorough analysis of a larger database, the new feeding standards will be appropriate for wide use in India.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1473-1478
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to investigate the mechanism for the effect of tetrabasic zinc chloride (TBZC) in enhancing growth performance of weanling piglets. Gut-brain peptides play an important role in the regulation of growth and appetite in animals. This study evaluated the effects of TBZC on blood concentrations of growth hormone (GH), ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Seventy-two weanling piglets (Landrace$\times$Large White) with an initial body weight (BW) of $6.7{\pm}0.16kg$ and aged $24{\pm}1days$ were assigned to three dietary treatments: i) control diet without TBZC supplement, ii) the control diet supplemented with 2,000 mg Zn from TBZC/kg and iii) TBZC-supplemented diet pair-fed with respect to the control diet. Each treatment had six replications (pens) of four piglets. At the end of a 14-d experimental period, piglets were weighed and feed consumption was measured, and blood samples were collected for assays of GH, ghrelin, IGF-I, CCK and NPY concentrations. The inclusion of TBZC in the diet increased average daily gain (p<0.01), average daily feed intake (p<0.05), and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Pair-fed piglets had higher ADG, and lower FCR than (p<0.05) Control piglets. Supplementation of the diet with TBZC increased (p<0.05) serum GH and plasma ghrelin levels in weanling piglets, but did not affect (p>0.05) serum IGF-I and plasma NPY and CCK concentrations. Pair-fed piglets had lower (p<0.05) serum GH levels than TBZC-supplemented piglets, but did not (p>0.05) differ from Control piglets. These data indicated that TBZC elevated the concentration of ghrelin and GH. This observation may partly explain the beneficial effects of TBZC on growth performance of weanling piglets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1575-1579
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• 2007

The glucose tolerance and pancreatic insulin secretion response to glucose in sheep fed on germinated sorghum grain were determined using an intravenous glucose load. Twelve male Thin Tail sheep (an Indonesian native sheep, 12 months old and 14.8 kg average body weight) were divided randomly into sorghum grain-based (S), germinated sorghum grain-based (G) and maize grain-based (C) diets. Sheep were maintained at the same daily intake levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein in the diets throughout the experimental period. After two months of the experimental conditions, each diet group was subjected to an intravenous glucose load experiment in which five doses of glucose (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg BW) were injected to estimate the rate of glucose removal from blood and the pancreatic insulin secretion response. For each sheep and each glucose load dose, the incremental blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations above pre-injection concentration were calculated as serum glucose and insulin response areas. At all glucose doses, sheep fed on S diet had a greater (p<0.05) glucose response area compared to those of sheep fed on G and C diets. Likewise at all glucose doses, the insulin response area was smaller (p<0.05) in sheep fed on S diet than in sheep fed on G and C diets. The glucose and insulin response areas in sheep fed on G and C diets differed slightly. It was concluded that the portion of maize grain in the ruminant ration could be substituted by germinated sorghum grain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of chromium propionate on growth performance, serum traits and immune response in weaned pigs. Twenty-four 4 wk-old crossbred weanling pigs (initial body weight about 9.52${\pm}$0.48 kg) were randomly allotted into one of two groups, a control group (basal diet), chromium propionate group (diet supplemented with 200 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ (ppb) of chromium propionate). This experiment was conducted over nine weeks. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ BW was used as the stress-inducing agent in the middle (4 wks) and final (8 wks) periods. The experimental results indicated that chromium propionate had no effect on growth performance (p>0.05). Chromium propionate supplementation reduced the percentage of LDL+VLDL (low and very low-density lipoprotein) and increased HDL (high-density lipoprotein), but did not affect other serum traits. Pigs supplemented with chromium propionate had higher antibody titers specific for sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and serum total globulin relative to the control during the final period (p<0.05). A challenge with LPS increased white blood cells in the chromium propionate group in both experimental periods (p<0.05). The chromium propionate group exhibited higher IgG and $\gamma$-globulin than the control during the middle experimental period (p<0.05). Moreover, the PHA (phytohemagglutinin) challenge result in the chromium propionate group was better than the control group (p=0.056). Greater neutrophil activity was displayed than in the control (p<0.05). This suggests that chromium propionate supplementation benefited the weaned pigs in lipoprotein and immune response.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2005

Streptozotocin으로 당뇨가 유발된 흰쥐에 차가버섯 균사체를 2주간 체중 ka당 200 mg으로 경구투여시킨 후 혈장 glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, 및 AST 활성을 관찰하였고, 차가버섯 균사체의 일반성분을 조사하였다. 그 결과 체증증가는 당뇨 대조군에 비해 약 23.5% 증가하였고, 식이섭취량은 21.0% 낮게 나타났으며, 간장 무게는 18.1% 정도 감소하였다. 혈장 glucose 농도는 차가버섯 균사체 투여군이 당뇨 대조군보다 23.1%가 유의하게 감소하였으며, 혈장 total cholesterol과 triglyceride는 각각 12.6%와 22.6%로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 혈장 ALT와 AST 활성은 당뇨 대조군에 비해 차가버섯 균사체 투여군이 27.6%와 21.9% 낮은 활성을 보였다. 상기와 같은 항당뇨 활성을 가진 차가버섯 균사체의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 조회분 5.55%, 조지방 2.35%, 조단백 28.29%, 탄수화물 9.53% 및 식이섬유 54.28%로 구성되어 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 contents and xanthine oxidase activity in acute cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and three cadmium injected groups. Cadmium injected groups were fed vitamin E free diet(0E Cd group), 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(40E Cd group) or 400mg vitamin E per kg diet(400E Cd group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0mg Cd2+/kg bw for 4 days after the rats were fed diets with three different levels of vitamin E for 2 and 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake and feed efficiency ratio of cadmium injected animals, were decreased compared with those of normal group. The weights of liver and kidney in cadmium injected groups were not different from those of normal group. Cadmium contents of liver in cadmium groups were 160 fold higher those that of normal group. Accumulation of cadmium poisoned rat liver was reduced by vitamin E supplementation. Contents of blood hemoglobin and hematocrit in 0E Cd groups were decreased to 2~ 14% of those of the other groups. Contents of serum triglyceride in all experimental groups were not significantly different each other. Levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and antherogenic index in 0E Cd and 40E Cd groups were higher than those of normal group, while the contents of HDL cholesterol in 0E Cd and 40E Cd groups were lower than those of normal group. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity and cytochrome P450 contents in the liver were significantly increased in cadmium injected groups but these were reduced by vitamin E supplementations. The present results indicate that acute cadmium poisoning in rats causes increasing free radical generation systems in the liver and that leads to liver tissue damage. But these abnormalities can be reduced by dietary vitamin E supplementations.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

이스라엘 잉어에 대하여 파래첨가 사육시 성장 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 파래분말을 각각 0, 1, 5 및 $10\%$ 첨가한 사료를 이용하여 4개월간 사육하면서 어체의 증체율, 비만도, 사료효율 및 혈액학적인 성상을 비교 조사하였다. 증체율은 파래 첨가농도에 비례하여 감소하였으며, 투여기간에 따라서 약간의 차이가 있었으나 전기간동안 증체율의 감소를 보였다. 비만도는 대조구에 비해서 $1\%$ 첨가군에서는 전사육기간에 약간 증가되는 경향을 보였으나, $5\%$ 첨가군에서는 전 사육간을 통하여 현저한 증가를 보였다. 한편, $10\%$첨가군에서는 사육기간에 비례감소 되었다. 사료효율은 대조구에 비해서 파래 첨가농도 및 사육일수에 무관하게 저하되었으며, 특히 $10\%$ 군에서는 사육일수에 비례하여 현저하게 저하되었다. 혈액성분은 첨가군에서 총단백, Hb, GOT 및 GPT등은 차이가 인정되지 않았으며, 알부민 및 글루코스치등은 증가되었으나, Ht값은 첨가농도에 비례하여 감소되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2002

A total of six crossbred barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Large$ White, $44.17{\pm}1.94kg$ BW) were housed conducted to evaluate apparent fecal digestibilities of Brown Rice (BR) as an alternative energy source in growing pigs. Pigs were housed individually on metabolism crate on the basis of body weight. Four treatments contained: 1) 100% of corn-soybean meal (C100; Control diet), 2) 75% of corn-soybean meal diet plus 25% of corn meal (C25), 3) 100% of brown rice-soybean meal diet (BR100), 4) 75% of brown rice-soybean meal diet plus 25% of brown rice meal (BR25). Brown rice has an excellent gross energy and crude protein composition compared to corn. The BR used had 3,801 kcal of gross energy/kg, 8.0% crude protein, 2.6% of ether extract, 0.035% calcium and 0.35% total phosphorus. The best digestibilities of energy (87.75%), DM (81.71%) and CP (78.57%) were observed in BR 100 group and the worst were found in Corn 25 group. The nutrient digestibility was not significantly different in most nutrients. Through this experiment, BR appeared a good alternative energy source that can replace corn yellow to 100% in growing pigs. Therefore, the price relationship between corn and BR may provide an excellent opportunity for pork producers to use BR in order to reduce feed costs provided that diet has been balanced for digestible amino acids.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 수산자원 중 하나인 민어의 이석을 이용하여 민어의 연령과 성장을 추정하였다. 연구에 사용된 민어의 이석은 2015년 8월부터 2016년 7월까지 서해 남부 연안에서 안강망으로 어획되어 양육된 것으로 총 339개체 중, 연령사정에 이용된 개체수는 327미였다. 연령은 민어는 불투명대에서 투명대로 이행하는 지점을 윤문으로 간주하였으며, 윤문형성시기는 3~6월(주형성시기 6월), 산란기는 9~10월 (주산란기 9월)로 추정되어 초륜이 형성되기까지의 기간은 0.75년으로 나타났다. 최고 연령은 암컷 11세, 수컷 9세로 추정되었으며, 윤문이 형성될 시기의 평균 전장을 바탕으로 비선형 회귀방법으로 추정한 Von Bertalanffy 성장식은 $L_t=182.4(1-e^{-0.067(t+1.754)})$($R^2=0.96$)이었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2013

Florfenicol(FF)을 넙치(평균체중 $700{\pm}50$ g, $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$)에 1일 1회 경구(20 mg/kg BW) 투여한 다음, 경시적(1시간~168시간)으로 혈청 내 FF의 잔류량을 HPLC로써 분석하였다. FF의 경구 투여에 따른 넙치 체내 약물 혈중농도 측정결과를 바탕으로 two-compartment model로 WinNonlin program을 이용하여 FF의 흡수, 배설, 반감기 등 약물동태학적 매개변수(parameter)를 조사하였다. 혈청중 농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 22.51 ${\mu}g{\cdot}h/mL$, 혈중최고농도($C_{max}$)는 0.84 ${\mu}L/mL$, 혈중최고농도에 도달하는 시간($T_{max}$)은 8.62 시간, 약물이 혈중에서 완전히 0이 되는 시점인 예상소실시간(Et)은 447 계산되었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 넙치에 FF를 처방하여 치료 계획을 수립할 때 유용하게 활용될 것으로 여겨진다.