• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 농구 자유투 동작 시 근전도 분석 및 지면 반력 분석을 통해 숙련자와 미숙련자 간의 차이를 비교분석하는데 있다. 근전도 분석을 위해 7쌍의 표면전극을 피험자의 요측수근굴근, 장요측수근신근, 상완이두근, 상완삼두근, 대퇴직근, 전경골근, 내측 비복근, 접지전극은 상전장골근에 부착하였다. 두 대의 지면반력기를 통해 전 후, 좌 우, 수직 방향에 작용하는 지면반력과, 압력 중심 이동을 측정하였다. 숙련자의 경우 볼을 투사하기까지 근육활동이 미숙련자에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 근육활동을 나타내었다. 이는 자유투 동작 시 볼 을 투사하는데 있어서 숙련자가 미숙련자보다 낮은 근육활동으로도 효율적으로 볼을 투사 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 미숙련자는 불필요한 좌우 방향의 힘의 이동을 발생시켜 자유투를 안정적으로 수행하지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며 숙련자의 경우에는 원활한 전후 방향의 지면반력과 압력 중심 이동을 통해 안정적으로 볼을 투척하는 것으로 판단되어진다. 따라서 자유투 동작은 상지와 하지의 협응성과 유연성을 통해 안정된 슈팅 동작이 이루어질 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the phase-by-phase elapsed time, the COG, the body joint angle changes and the angular velocities of each phase of Handspring Salto Forward Piked performed by 4 college gymnasts through 3D movement analysis program. 1. The average elapsed time for each phase was .13sec for Phase 1, .18sec for Phase 2, .4sec for Phase 3, and .3sec for Phase 5. The elapsed time for Phase 1 to Phase 3 handspring was .35sec on average and the elapsed time for Phase 4 to Phase 5 handspring salto forward piked was .7sec on average. And so it showed that the whole elapsed time was 1.44sec. 2. The average horizontal changes of COG were 93.2 cm at E1, 138. 5 cm at E2, 215.7 cm at E3, 369.2 cm at E4, 450.7 cm at E5, and 553.1 cm at E6. The average vertical changes of COG were 83.1 cm at E1, 71.3 cm at E2, 78.9 cm at E3, 93.7 cm at E4, 150.8 cm at E5, and 97.2 cm at E6. 3. The average shoulder joint angles at each phase were 131.6 deg at E1, 153.5 deg at E2, 135.4 deg at E3, 113.4 deg at E4, 39.6 deg at E5, and 67.5 deg at E6. And the average hip joint angles at each phase were 82.2 deg at E1, 60 deg at E2, 101.9 deg at E3, 161.2 deg at E4, 97.7 deg at E5, and 167 deg at E6. 4. The average shoulder joint angular velocities at each phase were 130.9deg/s E1, 73.1 deg/s at E2, -133.9 deg/s at E3, -194.4 deg/s at E4, 29.4 deg/s at E5, and -50.1 deg/s at E6. And the average hip joint angular velocities at each phase were -154.7 deg/s E1, -96.5 deg/s at E2, 495.9 deg/s at E3, 281.5 deg/s at E4, 90.3 deg/s at E5, and 181.7 deg/s at E6. The results shows that, as for the performance of handspring salto forward piked, it is important to move in short time and horizontally from the hop step to the point to place the hands on the floor and jump, and to stretch the hip joints as much as possible after the displacement of the hands and to keep the hip joints stretched and high in the vertical position at the takeoff. And it is also important to bend the shoulder joints and the hip joints fast and spin as much as possible after the takeoff, and to decrease the speed of spinning by bending he shoulder joints and the hip joints quickly after the highest point of COG and make a stable landing.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 사용자의 자세에 따라 실시간으로 제공되는 진동모터에 의해서 촉각 피드백이 구현되는 골반교정 및 자세균형능력 증진을 위한 균형의자(balance chair)를 개발하고 그 유효성을 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 MC Nylon을 이용하여 몸체을 제작하고 사용자 인터페이스를 위한 터치 TFT와 아두이노를 사용한 주 제어모듈, 사용자 자세판별을 위한 9축 가속센서, 촉각피드백을 위한 진동모듈을 내장하고 사용자의 편안한 착석감을 위한 쿠션으로 외부를 둘러싼 균형의자 시제품을 제작하였다. 제작된 시제품을 이용한 자세균형 훈련시스템의 유효성을 확인하기 위해 여성 피험자 10명을 대상으로 척추움직임의 주요근육인 좌우 요장늑근에 대한 근활성도(%MVIC)를 측정하였고 자세균형능력 평가장비인 Spine Balance 3D를 이용하여 훈련 전후의 균형능력을 측정하였다. 균형의자를 통한 운동 및 자세균형 유지 시 진동을 통한 피드백 방법에 의해 사용자의 좌우 요장늑근이 균형적으로 활성화되고 또한 이를 통한 훈련 전후 균형능력이 증진되는 결과를 얻었다. 향후 본 연구는 다양한 자세균형 제품 개발에 기초 연구로 활용 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2006

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical safety and effect with and without additional submucosal midazolam to oral chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine when used for pediatric conscious sedation in a clinical dental environment. Methods: Thirty one cases of pediatric conscious sedations were performed in this study. Selection criteria included good health (ASA I), under 6 years old, 20 kg of body weight, uncooperative behavior and the need for sedation to receive dental treatment including anesthesia and restorative or surgical procedure for at least two teeth. In each visit, patients were randomly assigned into one of two groups; CH group: chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg), hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg), CH-M group: chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg). hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg) and submucoal midazolam (0.1 mg/kg). 50% nitrous oxide-oxygen was maintained during the sedation period Sedations were monitored using a pulse oximeter for estimating pulse rate (PR) and percutaneous oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$). Behavior response rated using Houpt's scale and need of restraint was assessed every 2 minutes through 30 minutes of operative procedure reviewing the videotape recording. Evaluation of overall behavior success was performed using modified overall behavior rate of Houpt's scale. Data was analyzed using t-test. Results: PR and $SpO_2$ for both groups remained within the normal values. The mean scores for sleep and movement of CH-M group were higher than those of CH group (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference in mean score for crying between two groups. The mean scores of overall behavior of CH-M group was higher than those of CH group (P < 0.01). Reinstraint of CH-M group was less required than that of CH group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Oral chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg) combined with submucosal injection of midazolam was safer and showed more improved sedation effect than oral chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg) without midazolam for sedation of pediatric dental patients.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Recently, interests on cleaning robots workable in pipes (termed as in-pipe cleaning robot) are increasing because Garbage Automatic Collection Facilities (i.e, GACF) are widely being installed in Seoul metropolitan area of Korea. So far research on in-pipe robot has been focused on inspection rather than cleaning. In GACF, when garbage is moving, the impurities which are stuck to the inner face of the pipe are removed (diameter: 300 mm or 400 mm). Thus, in this paper, by using TRIZ (Inventive Theory of Problem Solving in Russian abbreviation), an in-pipe cleaning robot of GACF with the 6-link sliding mechanism will be proposed, which can be adjusted to fit into the inner face of pipe using pneumatic pressure(not spring). The proposed in-pipe cleaning robot for GACF can have forward/backward movement itself as well as rotation of brush in cleaning. The robot body should have the limited size suitable for the smaller pipe with diameter of 300 mm. In addition, for the pipe with diameter of 400 mm, the links of robot should stretch to fit into the diameter of the pipe by using the sliding mechanism. Based on the conceptual design using TRIZ, we will set up the initial design of the robot in collaboration with a field engineer of Robot Valley, Inc. in Korea. For the optimal design of in-pipe cleaning robot, the maximum impulsive force of collision between the robot and the inner face of pipe is simulated by using RecurDyn(R) when the link of sliding mechanism is stretched to fit into the 400 mm diameter of the pipe. The stresses exerted on the 6 links of sliding mechanism by the maximum impulsive force will be simulated by using ANSYS$^{(R)}$ Workbench based on the Design Of Experiment(in short DOE). Finally the optimal dimensions including thicknesses of 4 links will be decided in order to have the best safety factor as 2 in this paper as well as having the minimum mass of 4 links. It will be verified that the optimal design of 4 links has the best safety factor close to 2 as well as having the minimum mass of 4 links, compared with the initial design performed by the expert of Robot Valley, Inc. In addition, the prototype of in-pipe cleaning robot will be stated with further research.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.97-126
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• 2014

October 4, 1957 the Soviet Sputnik 1 was launched into space the first time in the history of mankind. After launching, the realm of humankind was expanded to space. Today all countries of the world wage a fierce competition in order to utilize space for various purposes. World powers of space such as United States, Russia, China, and Japan, put reconnaissance satellites and ocean surveillance satellites into orbit, being able to easily see equipment and troops movement on earth. Each country makes efforts to occupy space assets through the militarization of space and expand national interests. Recently private companies or individuals involved in commercial space activities are becoming more prevalent. Thus, in addition to space activities for military purposes, commercial space activities become widespread. Individuals and private companies as well as nations are also involved in space activities. Outer space is not the monopoly of space powers such as the United States and Russia. The whole human race can benefit from free access to space, being the common heritage of mankind. In particular, outer space becomes an indispensable element of military activities and human life. Many countries are now entering space development, putting a lot of budget into new development programs. Republic of Korea also built the Narodo Space Center, starting its space development with budget and manpower. We have to find out ways to use space not only for military purposes but also for commercial space activities that can contribute to the national economy. In addition, through the joint efforts of the international community, we have to make efforts for preservation and peaceful use of space. Various issues relating to space activities and research should be studies in order to contribute to the progress of humanity. Those issues include the definition of outer space, space debris reduction and environmental conservation issues, non-bind measure cooperation - European International Code of Conduct, space law and national legislation related empowerment issues, arms control measures in space, and restrictions on the use of nuclear fuel. We also need to be involved in the discussion of those issues as one of responsible space countries. In addition, we try to find out regional cooperation schemes such as the ESA in the Europe actively. Currently in the Northeast Asia, cooperation bodies led by Japan and China respectively, are operated in the confrontational way. To avoid such confrontation, a new cooperative body needs to be established for cooperation on space exploration and information. The system to allow the exchange of satellite information for early warning of natural disasters needs to be built as well. In addition, efforts to enhance the effectiveness of the relevant international treaties on space, and fill in the blanks in international space laws should be made at the same time. To this end, we have to do a leading role in the establishment of standards such as non-binding measures (resolution) - Code of Conduct, being discussed in the UN and other organizations, and compliance with those standards. Courses in aerospace should be requires in law schools and educational institutes, and professional manpower need to be nurtured. In addition, the space-related technology and policy needs to be jointly studied among the private, public, and military groups, and the cross exchange among them should be encouraged.

• 암석학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2013

하동-산청 회장암체의 북부에 해당하는 산청회장암체 서쪽부인 경남 산청군 금서면 방곡리 일대에는 철-티탄 광체가 발달하고 있다. 광체에는 엽리가 잘 발달하고 있으며, 대체로 남-북 방향에 서쪽으로 중각 내지 저각의 경사를 보인다. 이들 엽리는 2차 엽리로 회장암 내에 발달하는 북동 방향의 1차 엽리를 자르고 있다. 엽리면에는 신장선구조가 잘 관찰되며, 동북동-서남서의 일반적인 방향을 보인다. 광체의 엽리를 자르는 단면에서는 수 cm의 크기의 회장암편들이 심하게 변형되어져 있으며, 철-티탄 광물을 함유하는 암색의 염기성 물질에 둘러싸여 백색의 안구상의 형태를 이루고 있다. 이는 회장암질암을 함철-티탄 마그마가 파쇄하며 주입할 당시에 각력화 되었던 회장암편들이 이후에 발생한 연성의 전단운동에 의해 변형을 받은 결과로 해석된다. 엽리면에 수직하며 신장선구조에 평행한 단면에서의 전단증거에 의하면, 엽리면을 전단면으로 하며 신장선구조를 따라 상부가 동북동 쪽으로 이동한 강력한 전단작용이 존재함이 특징적이다. 이러한 전단운동에 의해 변형된 특징적인 기하학적인 양상의 이해는 이 지역에 발달하는 광체의 위치와 분포, 그리고 불규칙한 폭 등 기하학적인 양상을 파악하는데 기초적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.217-228
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to grasp inconveniences and improvements by examining wearing condition and satisfaction of protective clothing targeting 114 Korean farmers and to suggest basic data for enhancement of pattern and wearing satisfaction of protective clothing by understanding problems of pesticide-proof clothing through comparative analysis on the size of its commercial products. Most of male subjects were in charge of spraying pesticide, whereas female were most likely to play an assistant role to hold the hose of pesticide applicator. Both of female and male subjects were very aware of the harmful effect of pesticide on human body and tried to take off the clothes immediately after spraying it to reduce possible damage caused by pesticide. As a result of examining wearing condition, the farmers avoided wearing protective clothing because that it feels hot, stuffy, and uncomfortable to move. This hesitant response of wearing the clothing was not shown significantly in case of female subjects who play an assistant role for spraying. Although the farmers wore protective equipments such as mask or gloves in a proper way as compared to protective clothing, they seemed to choose alternative way rather than best way to block pesticide completely. The satisfaction regarding to the fitting of protective clothing which the subjects showed low in all items of upper-lower clothes except waistline. It is necessary to improve the functionality such as relief from heat stress and convenience for movement rather than design or economic in protective clothing development. As a result of comparing the size of five kinds of commercial protective clothing, the farmers got confused to choose the product since designation method of size across companies showed a significant difference in an identical clothing size. In addition, the sizing system developed on a basis of a well-built man has become a hindering factor in wearing satisfaction of female farmers.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2020

인체에 고주파 에너지를 가하면 진동 폭이 매우 짧아서 직류 전류 이용 시 발생하는 전해질 화상이 일어나지 않으며 이온분자, 분극분자 등이 초당 4만 번 이상 진동을 하면서 마찰열로 전환되어 심부열을 발생시켜 모세혈관의 혈류량은 휴식 시 보다 4~5배 증가하여 산소, 영양물질, 항체, 백혈구 등 공급의 증가한다. 또한 진동 폭과 맥동기간이 매우 짧아 전기 화학적 반응이 일어나지 않으며 감각신경과 운동신경을 자극하지 않는 물리적 인자치료 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 고주파통증치료기를 사용하여 젊은 정상 성인을 대상으로 등장성운동을 시키고, 등장성 운동 시 근전도 데이터를 측정하여 운동신경 응답의 변화에 미치는 영향을 확인하여 재활치료 접목시키고자 하였다. 윗팔두갈래근의 등장성 운동을 실시할 때 발생되는 근전도 데이터와 운동 후 고주파통증치료기사용 후 측정된 근전도 데이터를 각각 RMS하여 t-검정을 통하여 검증을 실시하였으며, 남녀 모두 t값, p값이 유의수준(<.05) 보다 작게 나와 유의한 차이가 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2005

This study investigated the current oral health conditions of the elderly at home and welfare facilities in their age over 65 years around some rural areas in Gangwon province, which would expect the fewer medical benefits even with lower interest than urban areas, despite of relatively high ratio of elder populations, so that it could prepare a basic document necessary to determine certain planned quantification for the benefit of elder's oral healthcare. As of the end of December 2004 both 50 elders at home and 50 elders at welfare facilities were randomly sampled in their age over 65 years in Samcheok city. As a result of this study, it was found that the elders at welfare facilities scored 15 pts. in DMFT index level typical of oral health conditions, which was higher than the elders at home. In addition, the elders at welfare facilities scored 26.0% in the coexistence of immobile bridge and partial denture higher than the elders at home with regard to the presence of intraoral prosthetic appliance. The results of analyzing the difference in the one-year dental visiting experience of respondents hereof showed that the elders at home were relatively more in ratio(62.0%) than those at welfare facilities, while many of the former group(38.0%) had relatively more handicap in masticatory movement than the latter one with regard to the conditions of dental prosthesis in use. Besides, many of the elders at facilities(30% or more) felt subjective symptoms of periodontal disease including bleeding or swelling, which indicates higher ratio than the elders at home. Finally, the elders at home used to brush their teeth at more frequency on a daily basis than those at facilities, while the latter group suffered general body disease more than the former group. Summing up, it is concluded that a formulated oral healthcare system will become more needed in near future than now for the benefit of the elderly living in welfare facilities, while nationwide policy-level supports would be urgent for them in the aspect of national welfare.