• Journal of the Korean society of biological therapies in psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.129-141
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• 2018

Suicide is a behavior that is intended to cause death by itself and requires medical treatment, resulting in suicidal attempt or completion. Suicide causes loss of life, damages the body, costs a lot of medical expenses, and causes families to fall into sorrow and suffering therefore this suicide is a huge loss to family and society. There have been attempts to reduce and prevent suicide by understanding the mechanism of suicide. The mechanism of suicide can be thought of as psychological mechanism and biological mechanism. In the past, if we considered the psychological and biological mechanisms separately, the development of neuroscience now connects and integrates these two. Psychological factors affect biological factors and biological temperaments also affect perception or thinking about the situation and increase psychological vulnerability. Distant factors in suicidal behavior-such as childhood adversity and family and genetic predisposition-increase the lifetime risk of suicide. They alter the response to stress and other processes through changes in gene expression and regulation of emotional and behavioral characteristics. Distant factors affect the biological system and consequently changes in these systems can increase the risk of suicide. In other words, the distal factor does not directly induce suicidal behavior but rather acts indirectly through developmental or mediating factors. These mediating factors are impulsive aggressive and anxious trait, and chronic use of substances. The mechanism of this disorder is the abnormality of the serotonin system and the abnormality of the lipid level. Proximal factors are associated with the onset of suicide events and include changes in the major neurotransmitter systems, inflammatory changes, and dysfunction of glial cells in the brain. A series of studies, including a variety of research methods and postmortem and in-vivo imaging studies, show the impairment of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response system for suicidal behavior. These disorders lead to suicidal behavior due to difficulty in cognitive control of mood, pessimism, reactive aggression, abnormality in problem solving abilities, excessive response to negative social signals, severe emotional distress, and cognitive dysregulation of suicidal ideation.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.717-728
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• 1998

The Temporomandibural joint(TMJ) is one of the most frequently used joint in the body as $1,500{\sim}2,000$ times per day for the activities of chewing, swallowing, talking, yawing and sneezing. The TMJ are formed by condylar process of mandible and mandible fossa of temporal bone, separated by an articular disc. This articular disc divides into two cavities as upper cavity and lower cavity. The gliding movement occurs in the upper cavity of the joint, whereas hinge movement occurs in the lower cavity. The movements that are allowed at the TMJ are opening, closing, protrusion, retraction and lateral movement. A cause of TMJ dysfunction are capsulitis, internal derangement, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infection and inflammation near the joint, trauma on joint, ankylosis, subluxation or dislocation of joint, injury of articular disc, myositis, muscle contracture or spasm, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, dyskinesia of masticatory muscles, developmental abnormality, tumor, connective tissue disease, fibrosis, malocclusion, swallowing abnormality, wrong habits such as bite nail or hair, bruxism, psycological stress and Costen syndrome etc. Assessment of TMJ dysfunction consist of interview, observation, functional examination, palpation, reflex test, joint play test, electromyography and radiologic examination and behavioral and psycological assessment etc.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 2017

This study researched transition process of fur costume from ancient times to 20th century, extracted esthetic characteristics, and then understood how the esthetic characteristics appear in the recent fur collection. The result is as follows. First, magical meaning was revealed on leopard fur that ancient chief priests wore on top of shenti to symbolize immorality and fur tunics to which christian symbol was added in Byzantine. During middle age and the Renaissance, extravagance appeared on sable and amin jackets that the noble decorated to show off their high status. During the rococo age and mid-20th century, sensuality and elegance appeared on the fur dresses that the female body was emphasized. Second, in recent collection, extravagance appeared on over-sized and voluminous fox-coat, sexsuality and elegance were revealed through mink-dresses and jackets with soft touch and gloss that curved-silhouette was emphasized. In addition, practicality and functionality were shown through short length and light, soft material, and activeness was in the mink jacket to which functional elements such as zippers and rubber were added. To pursue uniqueness and fun, fox jackets were made with over-sized vivid green color. Besides, abnormality and vulgarness appeared through the fashion with abnormal and distracted images with ambiguous forms and new processing methods applied.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.395-400
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• 2001

The present study analyze the morphological aspects of the cerebrum of mice with prenatal exposure to high and low dose (0.5, 1, 2 Gy) of $\gamma$-radiation on gestation day 12 or 16. The animal were allowed to give birth and the offspring were sacrificed at postnatal days 28 for gross and microscopic examination of cerebrum. Their body weight, brain weight, brain length, brain width, cortical thickness and area of cingulum bundle were examined. The histological and planimetric analysis were performed observing coronal sections. The gross malfomation (microcephaly) and abnormality of cortical architecture were prominent after exposure to 2 Gy on day 12 of gestation. significant dose-related reductions in body weight, brain weight, brain size were found in all irradiated groups. A significant change was found in thickness of the cerebral cortex and area of the cingulum bundle in the groups exposed to 0.5 Gy or more. There was no difference a lamina patter of six layers in cerebral cortex between the control and irradiated groups, but cell packing density increased significantly in the group exposed to 1 Gy or more. These results suggested that dose as low as 0.5 Gy could cause a morphologically reduce change in developing mouse cerebrum and exposure on day 12 of gestation to $\gamma$-irradiation is a particularly sensitive phase in causing malformation and abnormality of central nerve system.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2019

Medium-scale levee experiments were performed to monitor the infiltration and failure of levee body by applying fiber optic temperature sensing. In this study, bio-polymer soil was spread in the levee slope to increase the strength and intensity. Therefore, the infiltration and failure by overflows were produced in a different way compared to general soil type of levees. This was also observed in the experiment data for temperature changes monitored by fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing system. Through the analysis of temperature changes at specific location by time, the location and initiation time for physical changes and infiltration in levee body could be identified based on temperature variation. In this experiment, the time of rapid changes in temperature was ahead in the inland slope rather than the forceland slope. It was corresponding to the levee failure sequence of first inland slope failure and then the forceland slope failure.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 1998

The role of eccentric muscle activities in functional everyday activities and sport is important and equally significant to concentric conditions. Eccentric and concentric exercise and evaluation are, therefore, very important. The purposes of this study were to measure eccentric md concentric peak torgue, percentage of peak torque, average power and percentage of average power of trunk flexors and extensors by using the Cybex NORM isokinetic dynamometer, and to standardize the value obtained. Thirty four young volunteers were tested, 17 females and 17 males, who had no history of back pain or abnormality. Each subjects were tested on three repetitions for isokinetic concentric and eccentric contraction at 5 velocities. The results were as follows; 1) Peak torque percent body weight of eccentric contraction were significantly greater than concentric contraction at each angular velocity and in trunk flexors and extensors(p<0.01). 2) Peak torque percent body weight of concentric contraction were significantly decreased as the angular velocity increased both male and female(p<0.01). 3) Peak torque percent body weight of eccentric contraction were not significantly changed as the angular velocity increased both male and female(p<0.05), 4) Peak torque percent body weight of male were significantly greater than female at each angular velocity and in concentric and eccentric contraction of trunk flexors and extensors(p<0.01)

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.160-167
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• 2021

The determinant factors of an organism's size during animal development have been explored from various angles but remain partially understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, many genes affecting cuticle structure, cell growth, and proliferation have been identified to regulate the worm's overall morphology, including body size. While various mutations in those genes directly result in changes in the morphological phenotypes, there is still a need for established, clear, and distinct standards to determine the apparent abnormality in a worm's size and shape. In this study, we measured the body length, body width, terminal bulb length, and head size of mutant worms with reported Dumpy (Dpy), Small (Sma) or Long (Lon) phenotypes by plotting and comparing their respective ratios of various parameters. These results show that the Sma phenotypes are proportionally smaller overall with mild stoutness, and Dpy phenotypes are significantly stouter and have disproportionally small head size. This study provides a standard platform for determining morphological phenotypes designating and annotating mutants that exhibit body shape variations, defining the morphological phenotype of previously unexamined mutants.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.675-677
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• 2016

We report the first occurrence of a tailless Girella leonina, collected from Jeju Island, Korea, in July 2016. This specimen has 10 scales below the median spinous portion of the dorsal fin, a black posterior margin of the operculum, and no pale vertical band on the body, and is therefore similar to the normal species, except that it has no caudal peduncle or caudal fin. The posterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins are gathered vertically at the posterior end of the body. A radiograph indicates that this abnormal specimen is lacking the vertebrae after vertebra 20.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.269-272
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• 2019

There have been several reports of patients with isolated lesions of the cerebellar vermis presenting with clinical features similar to those of peripheral vestibulopathy. We report a case of small, isolated hematoma in the cerebellar vermis in a patient who presented with vertigo, ipsilesional nystagmus, and body lateropulsion to the contralesional side without the usual signs or symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction. Although they present with symptoms that mimic those of peripheral vestibulopathy, and brain computed tomography shows no abnormality, as there may be a small, isolated hematoma or infarction in the cerebellar vermis. Thus, brain magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in elderly patients with vascular risk factors.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.81-85
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• 1999

Diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, is relatively highly toxic to fish and causes vertebral malformation and behavioral change of fish at relatively low concentrations. To elucidate biochemical mechanism of the behavioral change of Oryzias latipes (killifish) caused by diazinon, the effect of the insecticide on acetylcholine esterase activities and the levels of some neurotransmitters were evaluated. Acetylcholine esterase activities in both head and body were significantly lowered at the concentration of 10 ppb of diazinon and acetylcholine contents in head tended to be upregulated with increasing concentration of diazinon. Exposure of killifish to 5000 ppb diazinon resulted in gradual decrease in acetylcholine content in body part with exposure time. Norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations in killifish head and body were highest at 1000 ppb of diazinon while neurotransmitter were relatively low in fish unexposed or exposed to lower dose of the pesticide, suggesting that increased norepinephrine and serotonin can partially account for diazinon-induced behavioral abnormality.