• Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.139-159
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• 1999

The purposes of this study are two-folds: to find out the acoustic features of Korean stops in various utterance positions and their influence on the neighbouring segments. Korean stops($/p,\;p',\;p^{h};\;t,\;t',\;t^{h};\;k,\;k',\;k^{h}/$) are examined from CV, $V_1CV_2,\;V_1NCV_2,\;V_1LCV_2$ sequences. Three speakers (two male and one female speakers of Seoul dialect) served as subjects for the present study. VOT, closure duration of the target stops and duration of the neighbouring segments were measured from acoustic data. The results can be summarized as follows. First, stops show different temporal aspects depending on their place of articulation as well as their voice types. Velar stops tend to have shorter closure duration and longer VOT due to relatively slower movement of the articulator (i.e. tongue body) and higher supraglottal air pressure during the closure, respectively. Second, temporal aspects of the neighbouring segments appear to be influenced by the voice type of stop. The preceding segment tends to be longer when a stop has shorter duration. On the other hand, the following segment tends to be shorter, when a stop has longer VOT.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2016

This paper discusses a graphic user interface(GUI) for the concealed target segmentation. The human subject hiding a metal gun is captured by the passive millimeter wave(MMW) imaging system. The imaging system operates on the regime of 8 mm wavelength. The MMW image is analyzed by the multi-level segmentation to segment and identify a concealed weapon under clothing. The histogram of the passive MMW image is modeled with the Gaussian mixture distribution. LBG vector quantization(VQ) and expectation and maximization(EM) algorithms are sequentially applied to segment the body and the object area. In the experiment, the GUI is implemented by the MFC(Microsoft Foundation Class) and the OpenCV(Computer Vision) libraries and tested in real-time showing the efficiency of the system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.116-120
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• 2003

The genus Paracalanus Boeck, 1864 dominate zooplankton communities in waters off Korean peninsula. Zooplankton samples collected from four waters (Uljin, Hadong, Youngkwang, Cheju) were sorted for specimens belonging to the genus Paracalanus. Paracalanus sp. regarded to p. paMus or p. indicus were examined. Body of male has cephalosome dorsal hump (CDH). Urosomites have four segments in female and five segments in male. In male, antennule is symmetry and fused without geniculation. The male antennule carries more aesthetascs than those in female antennule. Female P1-P4 is similar to those of male in seta and spine formular. Spinules on surface of legs are different each other. The female P5 is symmetrical, and composed of 2 segment. In male, it is aymmetrical and left leg composed of 5 segments, right leg 2-segmented. Male found patch of fine spinule on terminal inner surface of outer process on fifth segment. Sexual dimorphism appear saliently in mouth appendages. Mandible lacks of gnathobase; maxillule is apparently reduced; maxilla degrades it i]l female and remains vestiges between maxillule and maxilliped; maxilliped terminal part indistinctly articulated and carrying behind three strong plumose setae. With the absence of gnathobase in male, we conclude that male Paracalanus sp. does not feed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2002

This research suggested the mathematical model (forward kinematics method) to provide the reference points of driver space more easily and accurately in designing the package layout of vehicle interiors. For this purpose, the lengths of body segments of drivers and various joint angles occurred while were used. The length data between joints for the mathematical model were extracted from $SAFEWORK^{\circed{R}}$ as well as 95th percentile male and 5th percentile female body dimensions were utilized. In addition, the angles of body segments were applied on its diverse values within proper ranges in order to compare them each other. the mathematical model in this study was based on the concept of converting polar coordinate system to Cartesian coordinate system so that reference points of driver space were acquired in Cartesian coordinate system after using the segment lengths of drivers and the joint angles of driving postures as an input of polar coordinate system. It is expected that reference points of driver space obtained from this research are helpful to the study on package layout that is appropriate for physical characteristics of drivers.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.201-209
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• 2003

Virtual human models are widely used to save time and expense in vehicle safety studies. A human model is an essential tool to visualize and simulate a vehicle driver in virtual environments. This research is focused on creation and application of a human model fer virtual reality. The Korean anthropometric data published are selected to determine basic human model dimensions. These data are applied to GEBOD, a human body data generation program, which computes the body segment geometry, mass properties, joints locations and mechanical properties. The human model was constituted using MADYMO based on data from GEBOD. Frontal crash and bump passing test were simulated and the driver's motion data calculated were transmitted into the virtual environment. The human model was organized into scene graphs and its motion was visualized by virtual reality techniques including OpenGL Performer. The human model can be controlled by an arm master to test driver's behavior in the virtual environment.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

This study was intended to contribute to allowing athletes to raise a technical understanding of two motions of high difficulty such as the Swallow motion and the Nakayama motion and enhance their competitive power by analysing the kinematical factors required to link those two motions on the competitive scene on the rings for current national athletes. For this purpose, the game of the ring event was videotaped for male heavy gymnasts participating in the final elimination match of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. This study attempted to select the performing motions of the final 1st-and 2nd-place athletes performing the linking motions from the Swallow motion and the Nakayama motion using the DLT(direct linear transformation) method. As a result, it arrived at the following conclusion : A1 properly performed the flexing and extending movements using the angular velocity of the segment and joint as the switching motion using the body at the time of linking the motion from the Swallow skill to the Nakayama skill. A2 was evaluated to perform the skill taking the form of depending on the force at the static state. Therefore, it is thought that A1 should take care of shaking at the time of using the elasticity of the body. It is thought that in case of A2 the proper use of the elasticity of the body take care of shaking at the switching motion while taking advantage of the force will contribute to his competitive power.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2020

This paper deals with relative position estimation using a Kalman filter (KF) based on inertial sensors that have been widely used in various biomechanics-related outdoor applications. In previous studies, the relative position is determined using relative orientation and predetermined segment-to-joint (S2J) vectors, which are assumed to be constant. However, because body segments are influenced by soft tissue artifacts (STAs), including the deformation and sliding of the skin over the underlying bone structures, they are not constant, resulting in significant errors during relative position estimation. In this study, relative position estimation was performed using a KF, where the S2J vectors were adopted as time-varying states. The joint constraint and the variations of the S2J vectors were used to develop a measurement model of the proposed KF. Accordingly, the covariance matrix corresponding to the variations of the S2J vectors continuously changed within the ranges of the STA-causing flexion angles. The experimental results of the knee flexion tests showed that the proposed KF decreased the estimation errors in the longitudinal and lateral directions by 8.86 and 17.89 mm, respectively, compared with a conventional approach based on the application of constant S2J vectors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

This study was retrospectively investigated the clinical features, diagnostic imaging, treatment, and prognosis of foreign bodies according to alimentary site and type of foreign body, in 143 dogs. Among 28 breeds, Maltese, Shih Tzu, and terriers including the Yorkshire terrier were presented with high prevalence. Bone was the most commonly identified (33%) foreign body regardless of alimentary site. Approximately 76% of foreign bodies were in the stomach and small intestine. All esophageal foreign bodies were diagnosed on survey radiography, with the most common location being the caudal thoracic esophageal segment. Further diagnostic examinations including ultrasonography or contrast studies were additionally performed to detect radiolucent foreign bodies and perforation or leakage in the stomach and intestine. However, most seeds could be identified based on the characteristic features such as hyperdense thin double lines and inner gas on survey radiography. In conclusion, complications such as peritonitis and intestinal perforation were mainly observed in cases with seeds and linear foreign bodies. Especially, fabric foreign bodies could be induce peritonitis and re-perforation with high prevalence after surgical correction.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

This paper introduces a simple nonlinear adaptive control method for pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) flow in natural gas pipeline. The dynamic behavior of the PIG depends on the different pressure across its body and the bypass flow through it. The system dynamics includes: dynamics of driving gas flow behind the PIG, dynamics of expelled gas in front of the PIG, and dynamics of the PIG. The method of characteristics (MOC) and Runger-Kuta method are used to solve the dynamics of flow. The PIG velocity is controlled through the amount of bypass flow across its body. A simple nonlinear adaptive controller based on the backstepping method is introduced. To derive the controller, three system parameters should be measured: the PIG position, its velocity and the velocity of bypass flow across the PIG body. The simulation has been done with a pipeline segment in the KOGAS low pressure system, Ueijungboo-Sangye line to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Three cases of interest are considered: the PIG starts to move at its launcher, the PIG arrives at its receiver and the PIG restarts after stopping in the pipeline by obstruction. The simulation results show that the proposed nonlinear adaptive controller attained good performance and can be used for controlling the PIG velocity.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.15-33
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• 2004

A precise understanding of the human form in static pose serves as the basis of designing clothing. When the human body is in motion, however, even an article of clothing designed to fit the human form in static pose can pull and change, thus restricting the body. In order to increase the fit of the clothing, which may be termed the second skin, its form and measurements therefore must be determined in correlation not only with the formal characteristics of the human body, in static pose but also with its functional characteristics in motion, as caused by the movements of the human body. In this study, the motion factor was selected as the primary basis for designing slacks with good fit in both static and moving states. By indentifying the areas in which lower limb movement cause significant changes in body surface lines, we suggest several application methods for designing slacks. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Body parts whose measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. The results of this study are as follows. First, changes in body surface lines caused by lower limb movements were significant in all body surface lines of the lower trunk, both horizontal and vertical, with the exception of abdomen girth, midway thigh girth, ankle girth, hip length, and posterior knee girth. Second, significantly expanded 10 body surface lines in moving pose were detected and illustrated in table 4. These body parts should be studied in designing or pattern designing, especially for close-fitting pants, in using stretch fabric, and in sensory evaluation of good fit during movement.