• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-60
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• 2017

Ownership is the bundle of rights that allow a person or institute to use and control an object. As the biomedical science is advanced, we should consider whether human biological material should be recognized as property. Whether separated parts of the human body can be objects of ownership is a different issue. Many thought that separated parts of the human body could not be objects of ownership. This idea is primarily based on this thought: even if a piece of human biological material is separated from a person, it still relates to that person, and if treated as a thing, human dignity may be harmed. However, some commentators have admitted separated parts of the human body into the realm of property. Though a person owns his/her body or body parts, this does not mean that he/she can do anything he/she desires. There are many natural and social limitations to exercise the ownership of human biological material as discussed above. Human dignity is the core consideration whether or not we recognize that ownership of human biological material biomedical research and knowledge.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

The effects of two different types of haptic feedback(one-hand versus two-hand haptic feedback) on interactivity and body ownership were investigated in the virtual reality setting through an experiment. Using within-subject design, participants performed the task of hitting and destroying a ball-shaped object in virtual reality for both, one-hand and two-hand haptic feedback conditions. The results showed that participants tended to report a higher level of interactivity when using two-hand haptic feedback, whereas there was no difference between the two conditions in a sense of body ownership.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.243-257
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• 2023

This paper aims to examine how proprioception provides a sense of ownership over one's body and physical actions. Proprioception is a sense that relies on somatic interoceptors rather than exteroceptors that receive external stimuli and has epistemic importance of knowing the presence, location, and movement of bodily parts. In this paper, I will argue that Shoemaker's principle, "Immunity to Error through Misidentification (IEM)" can be applied to proprioception by focusing on one of the intrinsic features of proprioception: First-Person Perspective. I will advocate the following two arguments by defeating each of Marcel's pathological counter-examples in turn. Proprioception is infallible in that it provides a sense of ownership over one's body and physical actions. Second, proprioception is indispensable for the sense of ownership of one's body and physical actions.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2018

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been increasingly more frequently used day by day in industries, entertainment and performances due to the development of AR and MR technologies. Performance arts also actively utilize $360^{\circ}$ VR technology due to the free expression of stage settings and auditoriums. However, technologies for systems in which performers wear VR devices firsthand rather than being in the sandpoint of bystanders while audiences wear VR head mounted displays(HMDs) to see performance stages have been rarely studied yet. This study investigated the technical possibilities of possible methods of expression that will enable performers to appear on the stage wearing VR devices. Since VR can maximize the sense of immersion with its closed HMD structure unlike augmented reality (AR), VR was judged to be suitable for studies centered on the mental interactions in the inner side of humans. Among them, to implement shamanistic expression methods with the phantoms of the body and soul, a motion capture technology linked with VR display devices and real-time cameras was realized on the stage. In this process, the importance of body ownership experienced by the performers (participants), reactions when they lost it, and the mental phenomena of the desire to possess the subjects of gaze could be seen. In addition, high possibility of development of this technology hereafter could be expected because this technology includes the technical openness that enables the audience to appear on the stage firsthand to become performers.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.253-270
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate how Suzan-Lori Parks reveals colonized oppression and violence in a black woman's body in Venus. The body of Hottentot Venus is an 'object' of white male spectators' gazes and a dissection from a medical study. The report on her pathologic anatomy gives the audience the illusion that the body of a black woman is inferior to those of others. Not only 'subjective' aesthetics, but also 'objective' medicine makes us confuse 'fact' with 'truth' about black women. By publicly exhibiting her erotic body, Venus is represented as a singular emblem for nineteenth-century colonial discourse on race and sexuality. Her body stands for the powerful signifier of raped Africa. A distinctive feature of black Venus is her raciality. The ownership of her body is only transferred from Mother-Showman to Doctor Baron. She had no right to her ownership. Her body is an object of hatred and curiosity and at the same time a site which is represented by conflicting desires. Parks' eventual goal in Venus is to investigate 'hindsight' of Venus Hottentot, 'the past' and 'the posterior'. As the meaning of original chocolate can be regained, the insulted and damaged body of Venus should also be recovered and resurrected.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Body ownership illusion (BOI), which means 'the illusion that a non-bodily object feels like my body', has been actively studied since the Rubber-hand Illusion showed that a person can feel a rubber hand like one's own hand. It has been proven that BOI can be elicited for virtual bodies in virtual reality. Although many studies have been examined the effect of visuomotor (VM) and visuotactile (VT) stimuli, which are mainly used for the elicitation of BOI, there were very limited studies that delivered both stimuli to the whole body at the same time. In this paper, we investigated how each stimulus affects BOI when delivering VM and VT stimulisimultaneously to the virtual avatar, and examined user experience that appears as presence, emotion, and virtual motion sickness. The results showed that BOI was high when VM is synchronous, but there was no significant difference according to VT levels. In the case of presence, it was confirmed that VT affects only when VM is synchronous, and in the case of emotion, both VM and VT affect valence, and in the case of virtual motion sickness, a statistical difference is not found.These results suggest that overall synchrony of VM is important factor in BOI with virtual avatars, but that the matching VT affects subjective experience such as presence when VM is synchronous.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.663-673
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• 2020

To enhance the performance of privatized firms and state-owned enterprises, Vietnamese government set up a specialized monitoring body named State Capital Investment Corporation (SCIC) in 2006 to supervise their performance. This motivated us to conduct this study to investigate the effective control of SCIC on privatized firms' performance. We collected the annual reports of 500 non-financial privatized firms listed on HSX and HNX during the period from 2007 to 2017 from Thomson Reuters. Observations with missing values were removed and trimming outliers were implemented resulting in a dataset comprising of 4146 firm-year observations. We applied a quadratic regression model of state ownership on firms' performance, and applied the method of Baron and Kenny (1986) to test the moderating effect of SCIC control. To fix "selection bias" that may occur and result in endogeneity of moderator (M), we utilized the PSM technique to analyze the marginal effect of the moderator (SCIC) on privatized firms' performance. Our findings indicate a positive moderating role of SCIC on the relationship between the state ownership and firms' performance. This implies that there is a positive effect of liberating the management of the private firms from government control, which also means that lesser the intervention of government in the day to day operational activities of a private firm, better the performance of a privatized firm is.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.97-112
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• 2009

The amendment of regulation affecting the Governing Body of NFFC (National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives) has been known to the public in May 2008. Its essential points are as follow: 1) the President of NFFC shall be a non-standing officer. 2) the Full-Time Directors shall have the authority to deal with all subjects except for those especially reserved for the General Meeting or Board of Directors, while minimizing the authority of NFFC President. By providing this amendment, the government seeks to make the Governing body becomes professionalized and the management functions carried out by full-time professional board members. However, the amendment seems to pay no attention to the co-operative's identity and principles. In this context, five issues will be discussed: 1) Strengthening the separation between ownership and control of NFFC. 2) Weakening the authority of General Meeting. 3) The bounds of Audit Committee. 4) Consolidating the management control of the Full-Time Directors. 5) The loss of NFFC's Identity, followed by a summary and conclusion.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-29
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to understand immersive media such as virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, 360-degree videos etc. from the perspective of user-based approach. 3D videos were once expected as the next-generation industry, but soon it further evolved into UHD and are now followed by immersive media represented by virtual reality. As the virtual reality plays an important role, the current research tries to bring up implications that can be applied to the industrial field along with academic understanding through six theoretical approaches related to virtual reality such as media richness, interactivity, presence, body-ownership, user experience, and visual perception. These six theories were used in immersive media studies such as 3D videos. Media richness and interactivity are the main factors forming positive or negative attitude, presence explains why users are immersed, user experience accounts for total psychological reaction, and visual perception explains how complex the experience of seeing is. Especially, although there is less media research applied, the body-ownership is likely to be not only used in virtual reality research, but immersive media research. The user-based theories related to virtual reality will provide various implications for immersive media researchers as well as hardware and content creators of virtual reality.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 1996

This paper focuses on the Japannese policies on infrastructure investment. Generally such issue is considered with respect to the three points: the body who is in charge of the development, maintemance and ownership of a particular infrastructure: financial resources required for investment: and the amount of charge imposed on users. These points are closely related to each other, and are essential for the effective supply of infrastructure. Therefore, this paper reviews the case in Japan and get some insight for solving the problem faced by Korea.