• International Journal of Railway
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2008

Experimental study has been conducted to clarify the internal and external pressure variation characteristics for KTX(Korea Train eXpress) passing through tunnel. Abrupt pressure variation gives rise to the ear-discomfort for passenger and fatigue for car body. In this study, the internal and external pressure variation are measured by using KTX real train experiment and on-board portable data acquisition system in Gyeongbu high speed commercial line. The tunnels from 200 m to 4000 m in length are chosen for the investigation of tunnel length effects. From the results of experiment, the internal pressure variation rate for all the test tunnels is lower than the standard criteria of 200 Pa/s. And, the critical tunnel lengths for pressure wave pattern are classified into 7 groups by using the theoretical L-t diagram analysis.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.655-665
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• 2010

This study analyzed the effects of skinny jean on women's health by questionnaire survey and measuring the pressure experienced under the clothing and participants' subjective view of the pressure level. The average size women in their 20s' waists is 26 inches and so three pairs of jeans were prepared and worn by 4 female participants. A survey was conducted to investigate how often participants wear skinny jeans and whether they had had any feelings of discomfort as a result of this. Participants responded that they hadexperienced middle to high levels of discomfort due to the high pressure inside skinny jeans. For the maximum value of clothing pressures, jean f2 at the part of buttocks showed $48.7gf/cm^2$. The pressure inside the clothing was found to be highest around the buttocks followed by the knees and finally the belly. The mean values of 7 measuring parts are different according to the jean type; f3 $20.8gf/cm^2$ > f2 $16.4gf/cm^2$ > f1 $15.5gf/cm^2$, which is corresponding to the order of pressure sensation, but not corresponding to the order of ease amount of clothing pattern: f2 > f3 > f1. Mean pressure values were also measured according to the body posture: they were found to by highest when sitting on a chair (21.3gf/$cm^2$), second highest when sitting on the floor ($19.2gf/cm^2$) and lowest when standing ($15.0gf/cm^2$). This is not always same to the order of participants subjective perceptions of the pressure, which is, they estimated pressure to be highest when sitting on the floor followed by sitting on a chair and lowest in a standing position.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2020

Background: Prolonged sitting at work can lead to adverse health outcomes. The health risk of office workers is an increasing concern for the society and industry, with prolonged sitting work becoming more prevalent. Objective: This study aimed to explore the variation in muscle activities during prolonged sitting work and found out when and how to take a break to mitigate the risk of muscle symptoms. Methods: A preliminary survey was conducted to find out the prevalence of muscle discomfort in sedentary work. Firstly, a 2-h sedentary computer work was designed based on the preliminary study to investigate the variation in muscle activities. Twenty-four participants took part in the electromyography (EMG) measurement study. The EMG variations in the trapezius muscle and latissimus dorsi were investigated. Then the intervention time was determined based on the EMG measurement study. Secondly, 48 participants were divided into six groups to compare the effectiveness of every break type (passive break, active break of changing their posture, and stand and stretch their body with 5 or 10 mins). Finally, data consisting of EMG amplitudes and spectra and subjective assessment of discomfort were analyzed. Results: In the EMG experiment, results from the joint analysis of the spectral and amplitude method showed muscle fatigue after about 40 mins of sedentary work. In the intervention experiment, the results showed that standing and stretching for 5 mins was the most effective break type, and this type of break could keep the muscles' state at a recovery level for about 30-45 mins. Conclusions: This study offers the possibility of being applied to office workers and provides preliminary data support and theoretical exploration for a follow-up early muscle fatigue detection system.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2020

Background and Objectives Breast reconstruction has the advantage of reducing the loss of the body image of patients after mastectomy surgery, and also improving the quality of the social and sexual life of breast cancer patients. However, in surprising and unfortunate number of patients, acute postoperative pain persists beyond the normal course of postsurgical recovery. We set out to investigate the effect of local dynamical micro-massage (LDM) treatment for achieving pain relief and reducing other postoperative complications. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis on 58 patients who underwent LDM treatment for postoperative pain management at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital between February 2017 and June 2019. Those patients who complained of persistent postoperative pain, which was uncontrollable with medication, were treated with LDM. The degree of pain and discomfort with contracture were recorded using numerical rating scale (NRS) scoring system with numbers from 0 to 10 ('none' to 'worst'). Results The median NRS score of pain was reduced by 62.3% from the start to the end of LDM treatment (p<0.001). Further, the NRS score of discomfort with contracture was reduced 66.0% (p<0.001). There was no complication related to the LDM treatment. Conclusion Dual-frequency ultrasound LDM can be an effective therapeutic option for persisting pain after breast reconstruction surgery. It was also effective in improvement of discomfort with contracture and erythema of the surgical wound.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify which width of the base of support(BOS) is safer and more effective in lifting by comparing muscle activations and body sways when lifting objects under the width variation of the BOS. A total of fifteen healthy adults participated in this study. For the width variation of the BOS, the participants changed the width between their feet into three different types(10cm, 32cm, 45cm) and lifted a 10kg four times in each type after going up on a force plate. In order to measure body sways according to the width variation of the BOS, a motion analysis system was used. In addition, in order to measure the muscle activations of lower extremities, including the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior, an electromyogram(EMG) analysis was employed. In addition, the Borg's scale was drawn by quantifying the subjective discomfort levels felt from each width of the BOS. In conclusion, no statistically significant differences according to the width variation of the BOS were observed(p=.295, .308)(p>.05). However, a statistically significant difference was exhibited between the Borg's scale, which indicates the discomfort levels from lifting performances, and the width variation of the BOS (p=$.000^*$).

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 1999

컴퓨터의 도입과 함께 VDT 증후군이라는 새로운 사회문제가 제기되고 있다. 다양한 체격의 사용자가 무리 없는 자세로 VDT작업을 수행하기 위해서는 인간공학적인 설계기준이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 선 연구의 설계지침을 이용하여 설계 권장치수를 먼저 제시하였다. 이에 대찬 타당성 검증을 위해 사용자의 선호치수를 구하였고, 그것과 설계지침에 따른 차이를 분석하였다. 그리고 안락감과 신체불편도 평가를 통한 주관적 평가와 근전도(EMG)분석을 통한 객관적 평가를 사용하여 각 설계치수가 인체에 미치는 영향을 비교분석 하였다. 워크스테이션에서 중요한 키보드의 높이는 팔꿈치보다 높이가 낮다면 손과 손목에 영향을 미치고, 높으면 목과 어깨에 피로를 가져다준다. 본 연구 실험결과 한국인을 위한 키보드책상의 권장치수는 고정식일 때 660mm 조절식일 때 540-774mm를 추천한다. 그 외 설계권장치수는 본문에 제시하였으며 이와 같은 인간공학적 권장치수는 결론적으로 사용자의 신체에 맞게끔 조절범위를 제공하므로 설계 분야에 중요한 기초자료가 되리라본다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a farming shovel to reduce workload, which helps farmers lower the risk of musculoskeletal disease. Background: Most of work using farming tools including shovels requires repetitive works and awkward postures on body parts, and it could possibly cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders. It is necessary to develop and distribute farm equipment and tools in order to reduce physical workload. Method: To improve the most uncomfortable task perceived by ten farmers during the work with a shovel, the improved shovel was designed and made as a prototype for experiment for the comparison of the existing and improved shovels. Twenty males were recruited for this experiment, and muscle activity (%MVC) of six body parts and subjective discomfort ratings by body parts while working with a shovel were measured. A paired t-test was performed to compare physical workload between the existing shovel and the developed one. Results: A shovel applying foothold tied between shaft and blade was designed, which can help workers reduce repetitive bending of back and pressures for upper limbs while digging soil. According to compared evaluation of the developed shovel and the existing shovel, the developed shovel's %MVCs in all experimental muscles were significantly lower than those of the existing shovel. The developed shovel showed the biggest drop in perceived subjective discomfort rating of back, followed by arm and neck, compared to the existing shovel. Conclusion: It was confirmed that attaching a foothold to a shovel was an effective way of reducing workload in back and upper limbs during digging. Application: In the near future, if we put the prototype of developed shovel to practical use after making up for defects, it will help farm work environment be healthier and safer.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.272-280
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• 2014

Objectives This research was carried out to establish the clinical practice guideline(CPG) for Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) symptomatology of Soyangin disease. Methods Dongeuisusebowon(sinchuk edition) and several kinds of literatures including journal articles concerning this symptomatology of Soyangin disease were collected and classified. Sasang constitutional specialists' conference was held to make an agreement on the conflicting issues as well. Consensus was drawn as a result of the conference. Results & Conclusions 3 papers were selected as an inclusion and exclusion criteria for the relevant articles to Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) symptomatology of Soyangin disease. Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) symptomatology consists of two aspects : Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) severe pattern and Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) critical pattern. In Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) severe pattern contains 1 disease, namely, Clear Yang Depletion of Large Intestine (Daejang-cheongyang Moson) pattern (Lower wasting-thirst (Haso) pattern). In Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) critical pattern contains 2 diseases, Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) pattern and Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) advanced pattern. Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) symptomatology has several kinds of symptoms like dry mouth, disliking to drink much water, diurnal body fever, coldness on the back and nausea as well as body fever, chest discomfort, constipation or dry stool as a common symptoms of Interior Heat disease. Clear Yang Depletion of Large Intestine (Daejang-cheongyang Moson) pattern (Lower wasting-thirst (Haso) pattern) has above mentioned symptoms and much urine/turbid urine, thin thigh and knee joints and twinge of joint pain over the body. Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) pattern has symptoms like indigestion and epigastric discomfort, abdominal pain and vomiting in addition. Yin-Deficit Diurnal-Heat (Eumheo-oyeol) advanced pattern has symptoms like hematemesis as well.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.844-855
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional status and dietary intake of gastrectomized cancer patients. For this study, from 1993. 1 to 1993. 8, 50 postoperative gastric cancer patients were selected to examine anthropometric and laboratory data(Body Weight, Body Fat, serum Albumin, Total Lympocyte count), and dietary intake related symptoms. The results were 1) All anthropometric and laboratory data were significantly deteriorated by gastrectomy(s-Albumin, TLC. Body Fat : p<0.001). Weight loss of gastrectomized patients was 8.23$\pm$3.72% from admission to discharge. 2) In many gastrectomized cancer patients, preoperative dietary intake was decreased by abdominal discomfort, indigestion, early satiety, and anorexia. 3) Postoperative energy intake was 602$\pm$158㎉, and it is correspond to 31.18$\pm$.90% of daily energy requirement(1918$\pm$236㎉). The cause of poor oral intake is mostly fear, abdominal distension and fullness, and early satiety. In consideration of the fact that an inadequate energy intake was the main cause of the decreasing nutritional status, a careful nutritional care and dietary education is necessry after gastrectomy.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1993

The pressure distribution between human body and seat surface has been considered as an important factor affecting seating comfort. However, it is rare to find general guidelines of how to analyze these pressure patterms related to the seating comfort. In order to investigate the relationship between the pressure patterns and the subjective feeling of seating comfort, a high-resolution body pressure measurement system was adopted. The measured patterns showed that the clear distinctions between the comfortable seats. It was also possible to estimate the seating comfort based upon the analysis of the pressure patterns. The further research will be focused on finding out the relationship between physical seat design parameters and the seating discomfort.