• 영어영문학
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.581-598
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• 2011

The recent revival of phenomenology and aesthetics is deeply connected to the development of neuroscience which studies the nervous system and the brain with particular regard to cognition and memory. How are those fields gathered into building up the basis for the communication not only between human beings but also between humanity and its environment? This paper examines the human mind considered unseparable from the body, with reference to Merleau-Ponty's two major works: Phenomenology of Perception (1962) and The Visible and the Invisible (1968). While reading these texts, I investigate the way he overturns the Cartesian cogito and establishes the body as the ground of perception. According to him, human perception is chiefly obtained through the body rather than consciousness. Influenced by William James, who produced the unique concept of cognition and memory through his experiments with the brain, Merleau-Ponty extends Heideggerian Desein to the field of the embodied mind. James also anticipates Bergson, who regards memory as the product of interaction between consciousness and matter (or the body). The intervention of the body which stores the past experiences makes it impossible for us to capture the present moment in itself. This failure, however, is viewed as positive by Merleau-Ponty because the human body is not only a medium of social interaction, but also that of ecological communion.

• 복식
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.50-65
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• 2007

Clothes and human body are inseparably related. Aesthetic consciousness of the body determines the form of clothing, reflecting the time and culture as well as the individual and society. Clothes can even reorganize the meaning of the body, while transcending their instrumental functions of protecting, expanding and deforming the body. Using 'body' to analyze the clothing form, my study develops a framework by which to classify the planarization of the body in Japanese avant-garde fashion. In order to inquire the formative style and aesthetic values expressed in Japanese avant-garde fashion, my study examines subjects from the discourse on the body to the fashion collections of the 20th and 21st century. The results of the study are as follows. Japanese avant-garde fashion focuses on a planarization of the body which questions the three dimensional construction of the body in more conventional clothing system. Un-structured, variable space posited between the body and clothes, participation of the wearer, attention to recent technology and material, and absence of gender identification characterizes the planarization of the body in Japanese avant-garde fashion. The absence of body in fashion stresses a will-to-form rather than mere bodily proportion and structure, which explores trans-extensity that goes beyond the boundary of the body Ultimately, planarization of the body betrays the correspondence between signifiant and signifie in sartorial convention. Aesthetic ideal of the body is visualized in the form of a dress. Some clothes prioritize the body, particularly the feminine bodily curves, while others focus on the clothing itself as abstract and sculptural forms. Fashion continues to explore forms and images that transcend the traditional representations of the clothed body. As a type of intimate architecture, fashion always mediates the dialogue between clothes and body, or fashion and figure. My study suggests a framework to analyze bodily representation in Japanese avant-garde fashion, focusing on the relationship between the clothes and body.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권41호
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• pp.533-552
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• 2015

가상현실 기반의 디지털 애니메이션에서는 이미지와 이미지 수용자 간의 긴밀한 상호작용을 촉발시키기 위해 모니터나 스크린 중심의 고정된 물리적 공간을 탈피하는 환경이 모색된다. 그 과정에서 인터페이스를 매개로 수용자와 이미지 사이의 경계가 사라지거나 혹은 융합되는 양상이 벌어지며, 이는 특히 수용자의 신체와 이미지가 직접 연계되는 바이오-피드백 장치들이 결부될 경우에 더욱 강화된다. 이제 이미지 수용자는 이미지 공간 내부에서 자신과 이미지 사이의 상호침투적인 상호작용을 경험하는 가운데 가상의 이미지 세계, 즉 가상현실에 깊이 연루된다. 따라서 이미지와 거리를 두고 이미지를 바라보는 구조, 그리고 그에 따라 이미지와 수용자가 분리되어 수용자가 이미지 해석에 주력하게 되는 기존의 방식과 달리, 이미지와 수용자가 유기적으로 결합하는 이미지 공간 내부에서의 수용 방식에 대해 접근할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 논문은 기술 장치에 의해 매개되는 애니메이션 이미지와 수용자의 통합적인 양상을 매체미학적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 이성적 관념 중심의 전통미학과 달리, 매체미학은 기술 매체의 매개와 그에 따른 이미지 수용자의 감각적 지각작용에 주목한다는 점에서 가상현실 기반의 애니메이션 수용 과정을 분석하는 데에 매우 유효하다. 이미지와 수용자의 상호작용을 도모하는 가상현실의 애니메이션에서는 수용자가 이미지 속에서 자신의 신체 전체를 개입시켜 온몸으로 몰입하는 체현적 몰입이 발생하게 된다. 이 체현적 몰입은 이미지와 수용자를 한데 융합하는 인터페이스에 의해 매개되는 현상으로, 그로 인해 이미지를 지각하는 매순간마다 이미지 체현은 달라질 수밖에 없다. 따라서 이는 애니메이션에 대한 해석이 아닌, 애니메이션의 체현을 통해 그 의미를 수용자가 직접 구성해나간다는 점에서, 체현적 몰입자로서 수용자 중심의 새로운 애니메이션 구조가 열리는 것으로 파악할 수 있다. 즉 애니메이션에 대한 매체미학적 고찰은 애니메이션을 감상이나 해석 차원으로부터 나아가 감각적 지각에 의한 참여의 차원으로 접근하는 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.456-471
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• 2012

This study creates a method with more scientific patterns for use in designing golfwear slacks patterns that better reflect the unique characteristics of body types for elderly women aged 60 or older. This study investigates (when designing human-engineering golfwear slacks for elderly women) the body types of elderly women and design slacks patterns suitable for golf actions in order to design golfwear slacks that show excellence in function and aesthetics as well as for exercise and everyday wear conditions. The study indicated that "total crotch length" was the design element for most considerations when manufacturing golf slacks. A survey on the production of golf slacks for elderly women aged 60 or older showed that the 6 firms participating have not produced an exclusive product for women 60 years of age or older and have only manufactured an enlarged size up to 85. All 6 firms participating replied "No" two the question "Do you produce in consideration of the body types of women over 60 years of age?" Polyester-polyurethane composites were the most widely used (among golf slacks materials) as spring-autumn applications.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.513-523
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• 2020

후(後)구조주의 철학자 질 들뢰즈(Gilles Deleuze)는 감각과 신체에 대한 논의를 심층적으로 전개한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 들뢰즈의 신체 미학의 핵심 사상, 즉, 기관 없는 신체이론을 기초로 현대 패션과 그 신체와의 관계를 재해석한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기관 없는 신체는 그 강도에 따라 '충만한 기관 없는 신체'와 '텅 빈 기관 없는 신체' 그리고 '암적인 기관 없는 신체'의 세 가지로 분류할 수 있다. 둘째, 현대 패션은 착용 방식의 변화에 따라 새로운 신체관계를 창조할 수 있고 충만한 기관 없는 신체를 형성할 수 있다. 셋째, 텅 빈 기관 없는 신체 상태에서는 옷을 훼손함으로써 부정적인 의미의 암적인 기관 없는 신체를 만들 수 있다. 현대 패션디자인에 반영된 들뢰즈의 기관 없는 신체론과 강도 분석을 통해, 신체와 의복의 상관관계를 더욱 깊이 이해하고, 이를 통해 패션디자이너들의 창의적 표현의 근간이 되기를 바란다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2019

Objectives: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must gain mastery of various approaches to the midface due to the increasing incidence, complexity, and severity of presenting midfacial fractures. Unlike in the case of other body parts, the need to preserve facial aesthetics makes it more difficult for the surgeon to select an approach for managing the facial injuries. The midfacial degloving (MFD) approach is a combination of intraoral and intranasal incisions made to access the midface without any external incision. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of MFD in maxillofacial surgery and to assess its advantages and complications. Materials and Methods: The MFD approach was used in five cases, with three cases treated with open reduction and internal fixation and two cases operated on for posttraumatic deformity. Nasal dorsum augmentation was completed in three cases and nasal osteotomy was performed in one case. The bicoronal flap technique was combined with MFD for frontal bone augmentation in one case. The intraoperative time required for flap completion and the ease of performing the planned procedures were noted. Postoperative evaluation was done for reduction, aesthetics, function, and complications. Results: Access was excellent for performing all planned procedures. Average time spent for flap elevation and exposure of the midface was 63 minutes. Complications like postoperative swelling, infraorbital nerve paresthesia, and intranasal crusting were all transient. No long-term complications like stenosis of the nose, sneer deformity, or weakness of the facial muscles were noticed. Additionally, no complications were noted when MFD was combined with bicoronal flap. Conclusion: Though the MFD approach is technically demanding and takes more time than other facial approaches, it should be learned and applied by maxillofacial surgeons in selective cases, as it provides complete exposure of the midface without facial scarring.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2018

This study analyzed the body shape of women over 70 years and classified their body shapes in order to provide basic data for the development of pants patterns that can complement the weakness of the body shape of elderly women. It were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 20.0. Five factors were extracted from the lower body: obesity and thigh thickness, lower body length, under knee thickness, ankle height, and hip sag. In type 1, the lower body was obese and the legs were thick, but the hips were not sagging. It was named 'high-hip obesity figure'. Type 2's abdomen, hip, and waist were obese, but the legs were thin and the hip were not sagging. Thus, 'bird-leg middle obesity figure' was the name. Type 3 had a long and slender lower body, but legs were thick and the hips were saggy, it was named 'strong-leg low-hip slender figure'. The elderly women showed less difference in waist, abdomen, and hip circumference. The abdominal circumference was 2-3cm more than the waist and hip circumference; hence there is a need to differentiate the shape and number of darts in the production of bottom-wear patterns for older women. In addition, the leg circumference is gradually reduced by aging compared to the size of the lower body. Therefore, it would be necessary to search for a method that can effectively design the difference between the hip circumference and the leg circumference in relation to the body shape and the aesthetics of older women.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to make clear reduction ratio due to the stretch ratio and to find out the ease for the patterns of stretch skirt according to fat body type to improve the aesthetics and wearing satisfaction. For this study, three college students were selected according to the fat body types; According to fat body types, 15 experimental skirt which were different each other in terms of the amount of ease on wait and hip, were made for the appearance test and wearing satisfaction test. The results from the study were as follows: 1. The results from the appearance test were as follows. For the ease on waist, W+2cm and W+0cm for fat body type were suggested for the best fit. For the ease on hip, H+2cm and H+0cm for fat body type were suggested for the best fit. 2. The results from wearing satisfaction test were as follows. W+2cm, H+2cm for fat body type were suggested for the best wearing satisfaction. 3. Based on the results from the above tests, the pattern reduction ratios for stretch skirt were as follows. pattern reduction ratio 0∼2.4% of waist, 1.9∼3.8% of hip for fat body type, were suggested for the appropriate reduction ratio for stretch skirt. 4. The result from this study for stretch skirt was as follows. For fat body type, W+2cm, W+0cm for waist and H+2cm, H+0cm for hip were appropriate for stretch skirt pattern. Therefore, different ease has to be applied to stretch skirt pattern according to the body parts, to make the skirt looks good, is appropriate for fat body type, and is satisfied with appearance and wearing satisfaction test.

• 복식
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• 제60권10호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2010

The study used four basic formats classified based on the four principles on costumes discussed in the paper 'Human Beings and Arts Phenomena' by Oskar Schlemmer who studied the relationships between stage space and the human body as an analysis tool with regard to analyses on the abstraction of human body in contemporary dance costume. Abstraction of human body expressed in costume for contemporary dance is as follows: Expansions caused by unclear boundary between spaces and costumes, and the principles of three-dimensional abstract spaces based on a geometric cube change heads, trunks, arms and legs to achieve expansions. Similar mechanical shape is a type of shape made in a succession of functional principles of human body in relationships with spaces. As mechanical mechanism is added to the geometric transformation of a specific part of human body, mechanicalness is contained in it. Motion organisms are geometric simplification of moving traces in a space based on conversion into mechanical organisms based on principles of motion, and as mechanical rotation, consecutive speed caused by refraction and directionality are suggested, mobility is achieved. Immaterial shape is based on change into a metaphysical form, and it is converted into animals, plants or a third life that symbolize body parts. It has metaphysical significance in each body part and extends sensibility. As a result of the study, development into abstract succession and a techno art mode has been confirmed. Combination of geometric cubic figures with the organic human body and configuration of the human body pursued by Oskar Schlemmer's geometric abstraction through the proactive accommodation of mechanical aesthetics has been succeeded and expressed in the contemporary dance costumes.

• 대한한방피부미용학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.177-197
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• 2005

Acute Mastitis(急性乳腺炎=乳癰) is an acute suppurative disease appearing in the breast. It is mostly caused by galactostasis, the stagnation of liver-qi(肝鬱) and stomach-heat(胃熱). It is mostly found in breast feeding women, mostly in primiparae. It usually appears in the third and the fourth weeks of postpartum. At the beginning in the chest there appear induration, distending pain, galactostasis, inversion to cold with fever followed by the enlargement of the masses, burning red, megalgia, not subduing of chills and fever, the accumulation of it to form pus. In the early phase it is advisable to follow the therapeutic principles of soothing the liver and clearing away heat, promoting lactation and subduing swelling. After the formation of pus it is advisable to cut radially and drain the pus. External Therapy(外治法) generally refers to all the methods to treat various diseases and symptoms with application of drugs and manipulation or together with proper instruments on the body surface except the method of taking medicine orally Acute Mastitis has been regarded as surgery or the method of taking medicine orally But, based on many bibliographies, acute mastitis was treated by external therapy. Thus through the historical bibliographic studies of external therapy about acute mastitis, this study was made to help the expanding of the methods of treating acute mastitis.