• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.436-442
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• 2011

In this study, the Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) emitted from wood-based panels were compared by two analytical methods using the GC/FID and the GC/MS. Japanese Larch, Yellow Poplar, Particle Board (PB) and Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) were selected as target materials. Major compounds emitted from the panels were Toluene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene and limonene. In case of TVOC using GC/FID method, MDF E2 (1,497 ${\mu}g/m^3$) revealed the highest concentration among all wood-based panels, while Japanese Larch (1,772 ${\mu}g/m^3$) showed the highest value with respect to GC/MS method. Furthermore, it was found that the amount of VOC emitted from panels was different depending upon analytical methods. This significant difference was attributed to analytical sensitivities of GC/FID and GC/MS for various VOC. Besides, it was found that the composition ratios of main VOC compounds were not significantly different.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2021

In this paper, a folding sensor based on capacitance is proposed. The sensor was developed to sense the length and angle data for the milli-scale actuators without causing any interference to the actuating joints. For the sensing and testing the robotic joint with reducing the cost and complexity aspects of manufacturing, a simple composition was adopted. The sensor comprises a pair of copper tapes, papers, and wires. The complete sensing unit is constructed by bonding the tapes with the papers and soldering the wire to the copper parts. For accuracy, a teensy 4.0 board, which has a 12-bit ADC resolution, is employed. Furthermore, the sensed analog data is not translated into the unit of capacitance for accuracy; however, it is filtered using a low-pass filter and subsequently, a Butter-worth filter. The data obtained demonstrate a periodic waveform, which implies that the data are in good agreement with the hypothesis set prior to the experiments. Compared to other milli-scale sensors, this could be a better option for sensing the length and angle data for milliscale actuators.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.202-225
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• 2017

Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has gained a lot of significance over the years as a means of income generation. Forests are playing a vital role in the supply of these products, however, due to their continuous extraction, the population of many species might have depleted. Very little information is known about community structure and population status of NTFPs. No specific studies have been made to find out the occurrence, availability of species and population status in the forests, supplying the resources. The present study has been carried out in community forests of the naturally occurring NTFPs in the temperate forest of the Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh. The main aim is to determine community structure, species composition and population status of NTFPs. Three forest stands viz., Nyilii, Dura and Gyachi were selected which are used by the Apatani tribe for extraction of the NTFPs. For evaluation of species composition and community characteristics, the sampling of the vegetation was done using the quadrat method. A total 137 species representing 68 families and 116 genera were recorded. Herbs represent the maximum diversity with 71 species followed by 35 shrub species and 31 tree species. The families Asteraceae and Rosaceaeae exhibited maximum representation followed by Urticaceae. The species under Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae were found to be important NTFP yielding species. Highest species richness was recorded in Nyilii having 124 species, while lowest in Dura with 102 species. Density of tree, shrub and herb ranged between 376 to $456\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$, 2848 to $3696\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$ and 31.44 to $36.64\;individuals\;m^{-2}$, respectively. The total basal area was found to be highest ($51.64m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in Dura followed by Nyilii ($25.32m^2\;ha^{-1}$) and lowest in Gyachi ($22.82m^2\;ha^{-1}$). In all the three study stands the species diversity indices showed the trend, herbs > shrubs > trees while the evenness index showed the trend as shrubs > herbs > trees. The overall species similarity index was highest (82.35%) between Dura and Gyachi. About 80% of the total recorded species showed clumped distribution while, no regular distribution was shown by any species. The three selected stands harbor about 50 important NTFP yielding species which are being used commonly by the Apatani people in their day to day life. Among the three study sites, overall diversity of NTFP was found highest in the Nyilii stand while the density of population was found better in Dura and Gyachi stands. The population of many species was found to be low due to continue harvesting without any sustainable management by the communities. All the selected forest stands have the potentiality to grow the high value NTFP yielding species and if managed properly, they can support the livelihood and economy of the local communities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.721-728
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (BC) or backmuscle strength (BS). Sixty-one participants were measured by BMD using ultrasound bone densitometry and Inbody for BC (i.e., SLM=Soft lean mass, SMM=Skeletal muscle mass, FS=Fitness score. et al.), BS after self-questionnaire for life cycle. This study was performed after approving Institutional Review Board and obtaining the informed concent from all participants. Participants was divided into two group by BMD T-score; $T-score{\geq}-1.0$, T-score<-1.0. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS ver. 22.0(USA), Spearma test for correlation between BMD and BC or BS. BMD or SLM, BS was increased with increasing physical activity or body mass index. SMM or SMM, FS of BMD $T-score{\geq}-1.0$ group was higher than that of T-score <-1.0 group as well as BS(p>0.05). BMD T-score was correlated positively with SLM(r= 0.424) or SMM(r= 0.431) in men, as well as in women(p<0.05). BS was correlated positively with SLM or SMM, FS. BS was significantly positive correlated with BMD in women group (r= 0.591, p= 0.001), but not in men group. We concluded that BMD is the relationship with SLM or SMM, as well as BS in women.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.242-253
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• 2020

Six ornamental metal quiver fittings were excavated from stone chamber No.1 of the ancient tombs of Jeongchon, Bokam-ri, Naju. The ornamental quiver fittings are metal, but the body of the quiver was made of organic material, so that it corroded and disappeared in the burial environment. The ornamental metal quiver fittings were made in pairs, and decorated one quiver according to the location they were found in and their forms. The ornamental metal quiver fitting can be divided into two types: A band style ornament (帶輪狀金具) which decorates the arrow pouch, and a board style ornament (板狀金具) which decorates the board connecting the waist belt. Two ornamental metal quiver fittings excavated from wooden coffin 2 of stone chamber No.1, were made in the band style, while the ornamental metal quiver fittings from southeast of stone chamber No.1 were identified as two boardstyle ornaments and two band-style ornaments for what was presumed to be belt loops. Material analysis of the ornamental metal quiver fittings shows that they are made of a gilt bronze plate attached to an iron plate, and the surface is marked with a speck of chisel to make lines and patterns. Chemical composition analysis (XRF) established that 24~40wt% Au and 50~93wt% Cu were detected on the gold surface, and it was confirmed that bronze corrosion had taken place on the gilt surface. SEM-EDS analysis of the gold plating layer identified a working line for glossing, and 7~9wt% Hg and an amalgam of gilt layers was detected, confirming the amalgam gilding. CT and FT-IR analysis established that the band style was double-layered with silk fabric under the iron plate, and there was also a lacquer piece underneath. The band-style ornaments have two layers of silk under the iron plate, along with lacquer pieces. Adding the fabric to the arrow pouch increases adhesion and decorative value. It is assumed that the lacquer pieces indicate that the surface of the lacquered arrow pouch had fallen together with the ornaments. On the other hand, the board-style ornaments have a thick layer of organic matter under the iron plate, but this is difficult to identify and appears to be a remnant of the quiver board. The characteristics of these ornamental metal quiver fittings were similar in Baekje, Silla, and Gaya cultures from the late 4th to the late 5th centuries, and enable us to identify the art of ancient gold craftwork at that time.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.121-127
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• 1988

Ramyon(deep fat fried instant noodle with palm oil) preserved in sunlight, room temp. ($20{\pm}5^{\circ}C$), incubator ($30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and corrugated fiber board box to investigate the oxidative changes of the Ramyon lipids. In the study, changes in acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value, TBA value, fatty acid composition, iodine value and panel test were determined with the lipids extracted from the Ramyon samples in intervals for a period of 20 weeks. Acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value and TBA value of the Ramyon lipid were increased slightly during the storage in aluminum foil package in the corrugated fiber board box in the dark room. They did not appear the oxidative rancid odor at the end of 20 weeks storage. Acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value and TBA value of the samples under room temp., incubator slightly during storage, while a sharp increase of those values were noticed with the samples of sunlight. Especially, the TBA value of the Ramyon lipid under sunlight markedly increased within 14 weeks and then decreased. Oxidative rancid odor appeared at the end of 10 weeks storage under sunlight, while it took 18 weeks with the sample stored under room temp. and incubator. During the storage under incubator and sunlight for 18 weeks, the content of oleic, linoleic acid decreased, while palmitic and stearic acid increased. However, only small changes were noticed in iodine value of the samples.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2013

Each country has recently established and operated so called Aids to Navigation(AtoN) AIS system collecting and transferring information on the sea state and AtoN's position. Korea has also decided to introduce the system and been establishing it. And it has already installed and operated this system in Incheon and Daesan. For the purpose of giving the national standards of AtoN AIS, this paper is to investigate the present states of AtoN AIS systems in the above two area and to suggest the improvement to the operation of AtoN AIS system. To make it, the paper deals with the international regulations of related AtoN AIS and the cases of foreign's AtoN AIS system installed and also investigates the operation states of the system, in five modules such as system management, system composition, information, function and cooperation. The followings are concluded; improving the inconsistency of system management, reducing operator's confusion caused by excessive display of AtoN AIS system, improving the problem of receiving unnecessary information, improving the functional problems caused by AIS communication inability and improving AtoN AIS information which is presently not used on board.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.297-310
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• 2022

To understand the chemical composition of aerosols in the Cheju-Korea Straits and their contribution to the ocean by deposition, aerosol samples were collected on board R/V Eardo from November 1997 to May 1999. The average concentrations of Al, NO₃^-, non-sea-salt (nss)-SO₄^2-, and NH₄⁺ in aerosols were 2.19, 5.59, 6.16 and 2.08 ㎍ m^-3, respectively. The Al concentration in the high yellow dust period was about 100 times higher than that in the non-yellow dust period. The concentration ratio of NO₃^-/nss-SO₄^2- ranged between 0.47 and 1.5, indicating that the aerosols in the Cheju-Korea Straits are under the effects of NO_x and SO_x emitted from China, Korea and Japan. The equivalent concentration ratio of [NH₄⁺]/[nss-SO₄^2-+ NO₃^-] with the average of 0.58±0.29 indicates that nss-SO₄^2- and NO₃^- are not neutralized by NH₄⁺. A high activity concentration of ²¹⁰Pb with 1.13-1.23 mBq m^-3 was observed during the high yellow dust period, indicating that ²¹⁰Pb is easily adsorbed in the yellow dust originating from the continent of Asia. The distribution of ⁷Be and NH₄⁺ concentrations showed a strong negative linear correlation during the low yellow dust period, April 1998. The total mineral dust flux in the Cheju-Korea Straits was estimated to be 1.21×10⁶ tons yr^-1, accounting for about 12% of the annual sediment discharge via the Nakdong River. The combined annual deposition of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- was 0.103 mole N m^-2 yr^-1 was estimated to support 4% of the annual primary productivity in the East China Sea.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.22
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• pp.413-439
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• 2011

This study aims to look for the proper directions of following and developing Gyeonggi sinawi dance in the fashion of Kim Sukja by closely examining its kinds and patterns. First, its characteristics and education reality were investigated. Second, the seven kinds of Gyeonggi sinawi dance Kim Sukja allegedly handed down (according to the 121st Report of the Intangible Cultural Assets) were concretely examined. Third, the composition of each dance pattern was studied. Fourth, various beats used in Gyeonggi sinawi dance were revealed. The late Kim Sukja had outstanding artistic talent and ability in Gyeonggi sinawi dance movements, musical composition, gayageum accompanied singing, and pansori episodes. Behind her were master singer Kim Seokchang (grandfather), father Kim Deoksun (belonging to Hwaseong Artist Board), shaman-mother Jeong Gwiseong, and great dancer Jo Jinyeong. Kim sukja's seven Gyeonggi sinawi dance types were bujeong nori, teo beollim, jinsoe, jeseok, kkaekkeum, ollimchae, and dosal puri (designated as Important Intangible Cultural Asset in 1990). Such beats as seopchae (dosal puri), mori, bal ppeodeurae, bujeong nori, ollimchae, jinsoe, and teo beollim (ban seoreum) were mainly used in Gyeonggi sinawi dance. In sum, Kim Sukja's dance was more than an individual's dance to represent the cultural types and life at that time in Gyeonggi-do and be a very important academic historic material. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the present generation to hand down and develop such invaluable traditional cultural materials.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2007

Objectives : Physical activity is known as beneficial to mental health like decreasing depression and stress. In this study, we tried to find out the relationship between body composition, stress, depression, and self-esteem with physical activity level. Methods : International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ)-short form, SRRS(Social readjustment rating scale), SRI(Stress response index), and BDI(Beck's depression index), SES(Self-esteem scale) were given to peri-menopausal women aged 45-55 and BMI$\geq$23kg/m2. They were given written consent and this study is performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. Results : The mean of physical activity of total subjects was 2406MET-min/week(n=42). The physical activity of overweight(23kg/m2$\leq$BMI<25kg/m2) and obese(BMI$\geq$25kg/m2) permimenopausal women was 1428MET-min/week and 2970MET-min/week(p<0.05) respectively. When three levels of physical activity pattern(inactive, minimally active, and HEPA(Health-enhancing physical activity) active) was analyzed, all of them were heavily relied on the activity intensities of walking. The scores of BDI, SRRS, and SRI were lower and that of SES were higher in HEPA active group, not showing statical significance. Anger(subscale of SRI) measures were lower and SES measures were higher in HEPA active group than others among overweight women(p<0.05). Conclusions : The level of physical activity of peri-menopausal women was on the average, but the vigorous activity is thought to be necessary. The HEPA active group showed lower depression, stress and higher self-esteem than minimally active and inactive group.