• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.1257-1260
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• 2007

E. histolytica has a simple life cycle with two stages: an infective cyst and an invasive trophozoite. It lives on humans as its host. Its infection occurs through the ingestion of the cyst form, and the disease begins when the trophozoite, converted at the small intestine, adheres to colonic epithelial cells with a latent period of two days to four months. In some instances, amoebic abscess formations can occur at the liver, lung, brain, or spleen via the lymphoid system. Rare cases of amoebiasis in neonates have been reported, much less any intrauterine infections in the world that may have occurred during the gestation period. We've recently experienced a case of neonatal amoebiasis that entailed after-birth vomiting and bloody stool. The infant seemed pre-infected with E. histolytica before birth.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2018

Nowadays, Klebsiella oxytoca is described as a causative organism for antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). Here we report two cases of pediatric AAHC, from which K. oxytoca was cultured after starting amoxicillin-clavulanate or amoxicillin treatment. The patients developed severe abdominal pain and a large amount of bloody diarrhea. K. oxytoca was obtained in intestinal fluid culture of a boy through the colonoscopy. On the other hand, colonic tissue culture and intestinal fluid culture were negative of the other patient. K. oxytoca was detected in stool culture when he was admitted. These cases showed characteristic endoscopic findings of segmental hemorrhagic colitis, and both boys recovered spontaneously within 2-3 days after they stopped taking the antibiotics. Therefore, in children who develop relatively large amount of bloody diarrhea after antibiotic treatment, we should consider AAHC caused by K. oxytoca.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.266-293
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• 2006

Accumulation of pathogens in chest refers to a syndrome of fullness, stuffiness and pain in the chest, diaphragm, epigastrium and abdomen, which is ascribable to accumulation of pathogenic heat with stagnancy of fluid or phlegm in the chest. Retching refers to vomiting with sound but without any vomitus. It is usually ascribable to adverse flow of ki due to deficiency of stomach, or by pathogenic heat or cold, and failure in descending of the stomach-ki. It may also be found in Soyang disease. Bloody purulent stool refers to passing stool with blood and pus. It is formed mainly due to invasion of the stomach and the intestines by epidemic pathogenic summer-heat, steaming of stagnateed damp-heat fighting against ki and blood, or improper diet, obstruction of bu-ki stagnation of blood and ki.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1986

A clinical and statistical study was done for 123 patients with histologically proven colorectal malignant tumor from 1983 to 1986 at the department of anatomical pathology. Yeung Nam University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. Ratio between male and female was 1.6:1 and incidence was most prevalent in 7th decades comprising 29.3%. 2. Location of tumor was the most frequent in rectum(65%). 3. Frequent symptoms and signs in case of right colon were pain, abdominal mass and bowel habit change. In left colon, they were pain, bowel habit change and bloody stool or melena. In rectum, they were bloody stool or melena, bowel habit change and pain. 4. Duration of symptom was 1 to 3 months(33.3%). 5. The most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma(82.9%). 6. According to Dukes's classification, 32.9% of the tumor were stage $C_2$. 7. Operative procedures were Mile's operation(47.0%), right hemicolectomy(19.8%) and lower anterior resection(11.7%). 8. Polyps were the most frequent associated disease. 9. The most common complication was wound infection(11.1%).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

Purpose: The clinical presentations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prior to diagnosis are so diverse or vague that many of them waste time before final diagnosis. This study was undertaken to know the medical history of the pediatric patients until the final diagnosis could be reached. Methods: The medical records of all pediatric patients who were diagnosed with IBD (Crohn's disease [CD] in 14 children, ulcerative colitis [UC] in 17) during the last 13 years were reviewed. We investigated the length of the diagnostic time lag, chief clinical presentation, and any useful laboratory predictor among the routinely performed examinations. Indeterminate colitis was not included. Results: The mean ages of children at the final diagnosis was similar in both diseases. As for the pre-clinical past history of bowel symptoms in CD patients, 5 were previously healthy, 9 had had 1-3 gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, weight loss, bloody stool, anemia and rectal prolapse. With UC, 9 were previously healthy, 8 had had 1-3 GI symptoms, bloody stool, anorexia. The average diagnostic time lag with CD was 3.36 months, and with UC 2.2 months. Body mass index (BMI) and the initial basic laboratory data (white blood cell, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, serum albumin, and serum total protein) were lower in CD, statistically significant only in BMI. Conclusion: IBD shows diverse clinical symptoms before its classical features, making the patients waste time until diagnosis. It is important to concern possibility of IBD even in the mildly sick children who do not show the characteristic symptoms of IBD.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2021

Objectives : An accurate judgment of prognosis when treating diseases is crucial. While the 『Shanghanlun(傷寒論)』 deals with the prognosis of the Three Yin Diseases with great importance, full-scale studies have been lacking. This paper aims to study the Three Yin Diseases with a focus on prognosis analysis. Methods : Among the Three Yin Disease verses, those that could provide clues to prognosis were selected and analysed. Conclusions & Results : When Yang pulse patterns such as long(長脈)·floating(浮脈)·rapid(數脈) pulses and Yang symptoms such as fever, vexing heat, mild perspiration, thirst, warmth in hands and feet are present in Yin disease, it could be taken as signs of Yang Qi restoration. In these situations, Yin Cold pattern such as diarrhea and reversal cold disappear and the prognosis is positive. However, despite Yang pulse patterns and symptoms, there are cases where diarrhea happens as a result of cold dampness being eliminated due to Yang Qi restoration. Also, when Yang Qi starts communicating smoothly after its restoration in the Three Yin Diseases, perspiration can happen. When diarrhea and reversal cold, which are patterns of Yin Cold get worse, with pulse patterns such as unfelt(脈不至)·replete(實脈)·fulminating(脈暴出) pulses, false heat symptoms such as fever and hot flashes happen, accompanied with Yang Qi depleted symptoms such as inability to lie down due to agitation, continuous perspiration, sore throat, dyspnea, and exaggerated breathing happen. When fast pulse, fever, and perspiration are present due to depression and stagnation of ministerial fire, symptoms such as bloody stool with pus, purulent abscess, sore throat, and inability to lie down due to agitation show, which signal negative prognosis. In bad cases of Reverting Yin Disease, there is continuous diarrhea and bloody stool with pus, which can be due to either Kidney Yang deficiency or depression and stagnation of ministerial fire. It could also be caused by excessive heat.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 1999

Allergic (Henoch-Schonlein) purpura is a nonthrombocytopenic purpura that affects small nonmuscular vessels with involvement of skin, gastrointestinal tract, joint, and kidney. Pancreatitis has rarely been reported as a complication of H-S purpura. In 1965, hemorrhagic pancreatitis as a complication of H-S purpura was reported by Toskin. We experienced one case of pancreatitis complicated with H-S purpura: pancreatic head enlargement was noted in small bowel series and abdominal sonogram with increased serum amylase level (160 U/dL) in a 6-year-old female child who complained of abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stool, and petechiae on lower extremities.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 2021

Objectives : This paper aims to examine situations that were conceived as incurable at the time of publication of the 『Huangdineijing』. Methods : The texts of the 『Huangdineijing』 were searched for contents which included 'cannot be cured.' Next, the verses were examined within their context, after which those that specifically indicated 'incurability' were selected. These were categorized according to content, then organized to better show the situations that were seen as incurable to the authors of the 『Huangdineijing』. Results : The conditions deemed incurable in the 『Huangdineijing』 were bloody and purulent stool, ascites, tumors, some purulent inflammation, some infectious diseases with fever, wasting thirst, chronic kidney disorder, some diseases of the connective tissue, epilepsy, cardiac infarction, and cerebrovascular diseases. Internal damage due to acupuncture and poor patient attitude could also contribute to incurability. Conclusions : The authors of the 『Huangdineijing』 were unable to cure some conditions that are currently being cured by Korean Medicine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.276-285
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• 2008

Purpose : Allergic proctocolitis is a major cause of bloody stool in early infancy. This study was aimed at ascertaining the clinical courses, sigmoidoscopic and histologic findings of allergic proctocolitis. We also analyzed the relationship between peripheral eosinophilia, the age at symptom onset, and sigmoidoscopic and histologic findings. Methods : We reviewed 25 infants retrospectively who had sigmoidoscopy and biopsy performed with a clinical diagnosis of allergic proctocolitis from April 2003 to April 2007. Results : The mean age at symptom onset was $15.2{\pm}13.2$ weeks. Fourteen infants (56.0%) were breast fed, one (4.0%) was formula fed, six (24.0%) were on combined formula, and four (16.0%) were on a weaning diet. Peripheral eosinophilia (${\geq}250/mm^3$) was seen in eighteen infants (75.0%), but total serum IgE was increased only in six (24.0%). Sigmoidoscopic findings were variable from normal (8.0%), erythema or edema (20.0%), lymphoid hyperplasia (8.0%), erosion (12.0%), hemorrhage and ulcer (4.0%) to lymphoid hyperplasia with erosion, hemorrhage, or ulcer (48.0%). Histologic findings showed focal infiltration of eosinophils in lamina propria (96.0%) and crypt epithelium (96.0%). In twenty four infants (96.0%), the number of eosinophils in mucosa was increased by a more than 60/10 high power field. There was a negative correlation between peripheral eosinophilia and the age at symptom onset. Among the twelve breast fed infants, bloody stool disappeared in ten (83.0%) with a maternal elimination diet of major food groups, but two improved spontaneously. Conclusion : Allergic proctocolitis should be considered as one of the major causes of bloody stool in healthy appearing infants. To confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to perform sigmoidoscopy and biopsy but histologic findings are more informative than sigmoidoscopic findings. Peripheral eosinophilia was prominent in the infants with an early onset of symptoms. Most infants experienced benign courses and recovered with the elimination of causative foods but did not need exclusive food restrictions.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.222-226
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• 1999

Segmental necrotizing jejunitis is characterized by severe abdominal pain of acute onset, bilious vomitings and foul smelling loose stools containing blood. Pathologic features include circumferential intestinal wall inflammation ranging from edema with minimal congestion to severe congestion, hemorrhage with necrosis, ulceration, and gangrene with perforation. Early diagnosis and suitable supportive measures prevent unnecessary laparatomy and complications. There was no report of this disease entity in children in Korea. We experienced a case of segmental necrotizing jejunitis with fever, abdominal pain and bloody stools, which was diagnosed by exploration and was treated successfully by antibiotics and supportive measures.