• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.130-139
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation using a pentafluorophenyl column of parent drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its active metabolite, desethylhydroxchloroquine (DHCQ) applying to determine bioequivalence of two different formulations administered to patients. A rapid, simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for bioanalysis of HCQ and its metabolite DHCQ in human whole blood using deuterium derivative $hydroxychloroquine-D_4$ as an internal standard (IS). A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated using electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Sample preparation involves a two-step precipitation of protein techniques. The removed protein blood samples were chromatographed on a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column ($50mm{\times}4.6mm$, $2.6{\mu}m$) with a mobile phase (ammonium formate solution containing dilute formic acid) in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min. The standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 2 - 500 ng/mL for HCQ; 2 - 2,000 ng/mL for DHCQ in spite of lacking a highly sensitive MS spectrometry system. Results of intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within acceptable limits. A run time of 2.2 min for HCQ and 2.03 min for DHCQ in blood sample facilitated the analysis of more than 300 human whole blood samples per day. Taken together, we concluded that the assay developed herein represents a highly qualified technology for the quantification of HCQ in human whole blood for a parallel design bioequivalence study in a healthy male.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.178-186
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was to investigate the effect of moxibustion on peripheral blood flow by Doppler ultrasound in post-stroke hemiplegia patients. Methods: Moxibustion was applied on the points of LI4, TE3, TE5 and LI11 on the affected side, and blood flow of the radial artery was measured using the Minimax-Doppler-K device. Blood flow velocity and pulsation index were analyzed before, during, and after moxibustion. Results: The mean value of blood flow velocity in 13 patients showed a tendency of increase during moxibustion, but there was no significant difference in blood flow velocity before and after moxibustion, or pulsation index during and after moxibustion. In addition, among the five patients who showed marked increase tendency on the blood velocity graph, there was significant increase in blood velocity during, and after moxibustion compared with before moxibustion. Conclusions: This study suggests that moxibustion has an effect on peripheral blood flow in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Further validity tests with a larger scale sample are needed for the evidence of its practical use.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.167-175
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• 2020

A blood-glucose meter is one of the in vitro diagnostic devices to measure and control the glucose concentration of diabetics. In order to measure the glucose level in the blood, the common method is to measure the amount of electrons, that is, the output current generated by glucose oxidation after a blood sample is inserted into the test strip containing an enzyme. The hematocrit is an obstacle in measuring accurate blood glucose concentration. This paper deals with the design and implementation of a blood-glucose meter to correct the hematocrit interference. We propose a sequential method which measures impedance using the alternating current and then measures glucose in the blood using the direct current. In addition, this paper introduces how to use commercial glucose strips based on the proposed system. Finally, we conducted the performance evaluation of the proposed system by comparing the measured current and impedance with those of the references. As a result, the standard deviation of the current measurement is approximately 0.6nA and the impedance measurement error for measuring the hematocrit is approximately within 1%. The proposed system will improve the accuracy of the conventional blood-glucose meter by reducing the hematocrit interference.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of Insamyangwee Tang on cell-mediated and humoral immune response, solid extract of Insamyangwee Tang (sample A), mixture of individual solid extract of Insamyangwee Tang (sample B) were administered orally for 14 days. The auther used ICR mice having a body weight of about 20-22g as experimental animals dividing them into three groups-Saline, Sample A and Sample B group. All of the mice were sensitized i.v. with $10^8$ sheep red blood cells(SRBC) and challenged i.d. with $10^8$ SRBC 4 days later. Such immune responses as delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), rosette forming cells(RFC), hemagglutinin titers(HA titers) and hemolysin titers(HL titers) were measured at 24 hours after challenge. The results were as follow: 1. DTH in Sample A & Sample B group was increased, as compared with Saline group, with satistical significance. 2. RFC in Sample A & Sample B group were increased, as compared with Saline group, with statistical significance. 3. HA titers in Sample A & Sample B group were not increased, as compared with Saline group, with statistical significance. 4. HL titers were increased just only in Sample A group with statistical significance. The inference from the above results is that Sample A group is better than Sample B group, and Insamyangwee Tang enhance the cell-mediated and humoral immune response.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

This paper presents the development of a microsystem for whole blood purification and electrophysiological analysis of the purified cells. Magnetophoresis using continuous diamagnetic capture (DMC) was utilized for whole cell purification and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized for electrophysiological analysis of the purified cells. The system was developed on silicon and plastic substrates utilizing conventional microfabrication technologies and plastic microfabrication technologies. Using the magnetophoretic microseparator, white blood cells were purified from a sample of whole blood. The experimental results of the DMC microseparator show that 89.7% of the red blood cells (RBCs) and 72.7% of the white blood cells (WBCs) could be continuously separated out from a whole blood using an external magnetic flux of 0.2 T. EIS was used as a downstream whole cell analysis tool to study the electrophysiological characteristics of purified cells. In this work, primary cultured bovine chromaffin cells and human red blood cells were characterized using EIS. Further analysis capabilities of the EIS were demonstrated by successfully obtaining unique impedance signatures for chromaffin cells based on the whole cell ion channel activity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

Objectives : To examine the correlation between obesity and blood pressure, smoking and drinking (define drinking: do you mean alcohol?) habit in adolescence. Methods : Data collected on 524 subjects from among Kyungwon University students who had participated in a health screening test were reviewed. With the exception of 20 subjects whose health status was deemed to be abnormal based on current illness or results of the health screening test, 504 healthy cases were analysed. We investigated the correlation between obesity as defined by BMI and blood pressure, smoking and drinking habit. Results : 1. The blood pressure of the obese group was high. 2. blood pressure was higher in smokers, and drinking did not influence blood pressure. 3. Smoking had an effect on obesity and drinking had no significant effect on obesity. Conclusions : Obesity is related to blood pressure and smoking habit. Drinking had no significant effect on obesity and blood pressure in this sample.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

We studied a comparison of the concentration of biochemical markers in sera of patients hospitalized with high fever (n=296) in Jeonbuk province during the last 2 years (2008 to 2009). The patients were divided into three patient groups of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) patient group tested positive for Hantavirus (n=53), leptospirosis (LEP) patient group tested positive for Leptospira interrogans (n=137) and scrub typhus (TSU) patient group tested positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi (n=106). We analyzed the concentration of ALP, AST, ALT, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose and compared the mean levels of them to normal range, the first sample and last sample. The frequencies of abnormal patient elevated above the upper limit of normal for ALP, AST and ALT were 18~43.4%, 78~97% and 62.3~92.7% in patient groups, and 24.5~47.4% (total protein) and 13.2~50.0% (albumin) of patients in patient groups had decreased below the lower limit of normal. The patients showed higher abnormal levels of glucose in patient groups were 58.5% (viral hemorrhagic fever patient group), 66.4% (leptospirosis patient group), 71.7% (scrub typhus patient group) and 66.9% (total patient group). There were significant difference between the first sample and the last sample in the mean levels of AST (decreased 22.2% in viral hemorrhagic fever patient group, 30.2% in leptospirosis patient group, 20.4% in scrub typhus patient group and 24.1% in total patient group), BUN (43.0% in viral hemorrhagic fever patient group, 41.6% in leptospirosis patient group, 47.4% in scrub typhus patient group and 43.0% in total patient group) and glucose (20.2% viral hemorrhagic fever patient group, 17.9% in leptospirosis patient group, 18.6% in scrub typhus patient group and 18.9% in total patient group) in the first sample and the last sample. According to these results, those diseases may cause liver damage and have high concentration of ALP, AST, ALT and glucose in blood even though the patients get out of the hospital.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of EjinTang-Gamybang(Erchentang-jiaweifang ; ETG) on the change of some values related to obesity and observe the complications coming from obesity in obese rat induced by high fat diet. Methods : Experimental group were as follows ; normal group were fed normal diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ to rat during 7 weeks, control group were fed high fat diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample A were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 500 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample B were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 700 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks. Results & Conclusions : 1. Sample A and Sample B significantly decreased body weight, serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level, serum phospholipid level and serum leptin level in comparison with control group. 2. Sample B significantly decreased serum total cholesterol level and serum triglyceride level in comparison with control group. 3. Sample B significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. According to above results, the author suggested that ETG was able to be used for the herbal medication of obesity. 4. ETG significantly increased rCBF, and increased CMF in a dose-dependent. 5. ETG significantly decreased MABP in a dose-dependent. 6. rCBF was significantly and stably increased by ETG(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. This results were suggested that ETG significantly increased rCBF by dilating arterial diameter and activating serum leptin level. So that, the present author thought that ETG had an effects of obesity and complication coming from obesity(ischemic cerebral and cardiac disease).

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.362-365
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• 2000

A rapid immunochromatographic assay kit using whole blood to screen hepatitis B surface antigen was developed and evaluated by using sera from 240 patients. The reference diagnosis was based on the results obtained with GENEDIA Anti-HBs Rapid kit which is very similar to the above kit except for the use of serum. The test demonstrated a good correlation with the reference immunochromatographic assay kit, that is, the sensitivity and the specificity of the kit was 100%, respectively. The rapid test kit using whole blood should be more convenient and useful for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus because the kit does not need machines and time to prepare serum. In addition, this kit is safe from inadvertent infection during sample treatment because the blood is sterilized with hydrogen peroxide, eliminates the procedure required to prepare serum and reduces the possibility of exposure to infectious agents.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

In medical field, the computer has been used in the automatic processing of data derived in hospital. the automation of diagonal devices, and processing of medical digital images. In this paper, we classify red blood cell into 16 class including normal cell to the automation of blood analysis to diagnose disease. First, using UNL Fourier and invariant moment algorithm, we extract features of red blood cell from blood cell image and then construct multi-layer backpropagation neural network to recognize. We proof that the system can give support to blood analyzer through blood sample analysis of 10 patients.