• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2011

Purpose: Although the risk factors of metabolic syndrome have been extensively studied, the association between osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome has remained unclear in Korean elderly women. Yet to be determined are the effect of risk factors of metabolic syndrome on osteoporosis in these subjects. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the risk factors of metabolic syndrome affect the bone mineral density in Korean elderly women. Methods: One hundred twenty one elderly women from a community center in Seoul elderly welfare center participated in this study. A structured questionnare was used to assess their demographics and lifestyles. Participants' anthropometric information was also obtained by measuring heights, weights, and waist circumferences. The blood samples were also obtained to measure blood glucoses and blood lipids. Bone mineral density was measured with the use of ultra sono. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our subjects was 58%. In multivariate regression analysis, fasting plasma glucose level (p=.036) and triglycerides (p=.006) were significant factors predicting bone mineral density after adjusting age and other factors of metabolic syndrome. In age-adjusted analysis, women with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher bone mineral density as compared to those without metabolic syndrome (p=.026). Conclusion: Bone mineral density among elderly Korean women is associated with the level of blood glucose and triglycerides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.289-300
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was to explore the effects of knee joint taping exercise on muscle strength, bone mineral density, pain and IGF-1 in blood of elderly women with knee Osteoarthritis. Methods : Thirty elderly women with knee osteoarthritis were divided into three groups: the taping with exercise group (n=10), the regular exercise group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Participants' muscle strength, bone mineral density, pain and IGF-1 in blood were measured three times : before exercise, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks. Results : Participants in both exercise (taping & non-taping) groups showed improvement in muscle strength, bone mineral density, pain and IGF-1 in blood after 6 and 12 weeks compared to before exercise. In particular, the taping exercise group had a greater effect on muscle strength than the regular exercise group. Conclusion : Both exercise programs considerably improved muscle strength, bone mineral density, reduced pain and IGF-1 in blood in elderly women with knee Osteoarthritis. The knee joint taping exercise is perhaps a better exercise to improve muscle strength than the regular exercise in treating elderly women with knee Osteoarthritis

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2003

Soluble glass bolus with selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) was administered intraruminally to Philippine grazing does fed under backyard farming conditions to determine its effect on blood mineral status. Forty-five does were dosed with SGB intraruminally every 6 months, whereas 15 were without SGB during this experimental period of 10 months. Blood of does in both treatment groups were collected every other month and blood Se, plasma Cu, Ca, P and Mg were determined in this study. All does did not show clinical Se, Cu, Ca, P or Mg deficiency during this experimental period. Selenium concentration of treated does increased (p<0.01) after beginning of this experiment, whereas the level of control does decreased slowly (p<0.01). Two months after SGB administration, all treated does had higher blood Se than the lower limit of $20{\mu}g/l$ suggested by NRC (1981), whereas some control does had lower blood Se concentration than the lower limit of $20{\mu}g/l$. On the other hand, plasma Cu concentration of treated does started to increase more remarkably than control does 4 months after this experiment had started although the difference was insignificant. There were no significant differences between plasma Ca, P or Mg concentration of does in both treatment groups. Soluble glass bolus had no harmful effects on plasma macro mineral concentrations of grazing does. This study showed that SGB was available as mineral supplement to improve imbalances of selected mineral of grazing goats in the traditional backyard conditions in Luzon Island, Philippines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.827-835
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among mineral intakes, blood pressure, and blood lipids for health management of Korean adults over 20 years old. Subjects were recruited from the district where they lived, which included rural (Yoju, n = 137) , coastal (Taean, n = 100) , and urban district (Suwon, n : 117) . hnthropornekical measurement, blood pressure measurement, dietary intake assessment using 24-hour recall method, and blood collection and analysis of blood lipids were conducted. The average age, height, weight, and BMI were 54.1 years, 168.5 cm, 67.3 kg, and 24.5 kg/$m^{2}$ for men and 53.9 years,153.8 cm,59.2 kg, and 25.0 kg/$m^{2}$ for women, respectively. The mean daily intakes of total food and energy were 1219.1 g and 1740.9 kcal for men and 1071.3 g and 1432.6 kcal for women. The mineral intakes of men and women were 448.5 mg and 400.4 mg for calcium,955.3 mg and 803.7 mg for phosphorus, 13.3 mg and 11.1 mg for iron, 4302.8 mg and 3393.3 mg for sodium,2588.0 mg and 2264.9 mg for potassium, and 8.9 mg and 7.3 mg for zinc. The daily intakes of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{2}$, and vitamin I were $76.1\%$, $60.1\%$, $73.1\%$, $68.6\%$, and $80.4\%$ of RDAs, respectively. The intakes of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{2}$ and I were not meet Korean RDAs. Especially, calcium, zinc, and vitamin $B_{2}$ were less than $75\%$ of RDAs. Blood pressure of the subjects was 128.3/75.5 mmHg for men and 124.1/73.7 mmHg for women. Serum lipids of men and women were 180.2 mg/dL and 184.9 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 160.8 mg/dL and 137.6 mg/dL for triglyceride,41.5 mg/dL and 44.7 mg/dL for HDL-cholesterol,106.6 mg/dL and 112.7 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol, and 3.5 and 3.3 for atherogenic index. While serum triglyceride and AI of men was significantly higher, HDL-cholesterol was lower than those of women. In the relation among mineral intakes, blood pressure, and serum lipids, we found a significantly negative correlation of intakes of calcium, calcium/phosphorus, calcium density with systolic blood pressure. There were significantly negative correlation between intake of calcium/phosphorus and serum cholesterol, calcium density and serum cholesterol, sodium intake and serum HDL-cholesterol. Based on these results, we concluded that high intakes of calcium, calcium/phosphorus and low sodium intake were associated with favorable blood pressure and serum lipid profiles in adult men and women. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 827$\sim$835,2005)

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate how Bone Mineral Density(BMD) and bone mass index(BMI) differ according to classification of blood pressure which JNC 7(The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure) indicated. Methods : We measured BMD and BMI of lumbar spine($L_2-L_4$) and femoral neck of 9816 people, and then we analyzed them according to classification of blood pressure. Results : The number of prehypertension group was the most, and Stage 2 hypertension group was the least. As the hypertension was increasing, BMD of lumbar and femoral neck were decreasing, and BMI was increasing. In men, as the blood pressure was increasing, BMI was increasing. But the BMD was irrelevant. In women, the distribution was similar to the total. Conclusions : As the hypertension was increasing, BMI was increasing and BMD was decreasing. And it was more remarkable in women.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2003

This study was aimed at investigating the change of blood mineral and enzyme activity during growth period of velvet antler in Korean spotted deer. Samples of blood, obtained from the jugular vein of twenty-five deer(4 to 6 year-old males), were taken in 10 days interval from just after casting to 50 days. Deer were randomly selected from the farm, and samples were analyzed for blood parameters like mineral concentration and enzyme activities. No significant differences found in calcium and phosphorus concentration in blood whereas sodium, potassium and chloride concentration were significantly changed with antler growth. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, $\gamma$-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase during growth of antler, but alkaline phosphatase concentration was increased with growth of antler, and the highest concentration was obtained on the 50 days after casting. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities for the deer tested in this experiment were higher than those of other animals.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.275-279
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• 2005

High-salted mineral water (Daehan Deep Water, Korea) that is pumped up from below the sedimentary rock layer of Dadaepo, Busan, Korea has a composition similar with that of deep sea water. Under the well-being boom, the mineral water is processed for various uses including washing or oral administration. However, high concentrations of various minerals in the mineral water are suspected to affect on the physiology of human body, especially on blood pressure (BP). Here, we examined the effect of Hot Mineral(R), dried powder of the mineral water, on the change of BP. Sprague­Dawley rats were grouped and orally administered $2.5\%$ Hot Mineral(R) (group M), $2.5\%$ NaCl (group S) or normal water (group C). Excreted urine was collected in metabolic cage for 24 hours. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the group S was remarkably increased (P<0.005) compared with that of the group M and the group C, which showed little changes of the SBP during 2 weeks. While average daily sodium intake were 0.32 mg in the group C, 6.64 mg in the group M and 4.07 mg in the group S, average daily sodium excretion were 11.37 mg, 53.70 mg and 7.75 mg, respectively. These results indicate that the sodium excretion in the group M was much higher than the other two groups. In this study, we suppose that the plenty amount of minerals such as calcium, potassium and magnesium in Hot Mineral? have an effect not to increase the SBP and to prompt sodium excretion out of the body. Therefore, these results suggest that oral administration of appropriate amount of Hot Mineral(R) for limited period does not induce increased SBP.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1860-1868
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of optimal trace mineral levels on the physiological responses, reproductive performance, litter performance, blood profiles and milk composition in gestating sows. Methods: A total of 59 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with similar body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of four treatments with 14 or 15 sows per treatment using a completely randomized design. The treatments were 100% (M1), 300% (M3), 600% (M6), and 900% (M9) of the National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of Swine. During lactation period, all the sows were fed the same commercial lactation diet. Results: No significant differences were observed in the BW, BF, reproductive performance, milk composition, or growth performance of the piglets. On day 70 of gestation, the serum zinc concentration showed a quadratic response to M6 treatment (quadratic, p<0.05). Moreover, as the dietary mineral levels increased, the zinc concentration increased linearly at 110 days of gestation (linear, p<0.05). Furthermore, copper and iron concentrations in the serum of sows at 24 h postpartum decreased linearly when high levels of dietary minerals were provided (linear, p<0.05). In the serum of piglets, serum zinc concentrations decreased linearly (linear, p<0.05), and iron concentration showed a quadratic response (quadratic, p<0.05) with an increase in trace mineral premix levels in gestation diets. Conclusion: The current trace mineral requirements of NRC (2012) are suitable for gestating sows, and the addition of dietary mineral levels in the gestating diet did not show any improvements during the gestation and lactation periods.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.477-490
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between blood pressure and serum mineral concentration in hypertension patients subjected to dehydration. The data were collected and analyzed for 7,109 patients who visited a hospital for their health checkup from 2011 till 2015. Respondents were classified into four groups depending upon their state of hypertension and dehydration: control group (no hypertension and no dehydrated), dehydrated group, hypertension group, and dehydrated with hypertension group. Hypertension group was found to have higher levels of serum sodium, calcium, and uric acid than the normal group, whereas the dehydrated group was found to have higher levels of serum sodium and potassium than the normal group. In effect, no significant correlation was directly observed between the hypertension group and dehydration group. However, there were significant negative correlations between dehydration of the old-aged group and their serum mineral concentrations, which are reportedly related to hypertension. Thus, dehydration prevention measures in the elderly over 65 could mitigate hypertension problems.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2003

This study was performed to compare nutrient intake, bone density, total cholesterol and blood glucose in women who lived in Taegu city. The number of subjects participated in the study was 89 and they were classified into 3 groups by age. 30.3% of the subject were in their 20-34 years of age, 37.1% were in their 35～49 years of age and 32.6% were above fifty. A dietary record method was used to assess the nutritional intake of subjects. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight, height and WHR, and blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol and BMD were measured. The results were as follows, mean weight, WHR, SBP, and blood glucose and total cholesterol of the subjects above 50 years old were significantly higher than those of 20-49 years of age(p<0.05). Mean bone density in calcaneus of subjects aged above fifty was lower than those of under 49 years of age(p<0.05). Weight, BMI, waist circumference, WHR and SBP were positively correlated with age(p<0.01). WHR and body fat were positively correlated with BMI(p<0.01). Waist circumference was positively correlated with SBP(p<0.01). Bone mineral density was negatively correlated with age and SBP(p<0.01). Also BMD was positively correlated with weight(p<0.05). Energy intakes was positively correlated with bone mineral density(p<0.05). Fat intakes was negatively correlated with SBP and blood glucose(p<0.05). Calcium intakes was negatively correlated with SBP(p<0.05). Ca/P ratio was negatively correlated with age(p<0.05) and WHR(p<0.01). Zinc intakes was negatively correlated with SBP and blood glucose(p<0.05). From the findings, it is suggested that the women after menopause keep the optimum body weight and good eating habits. Especially intake of good quality protein, calcium and carbohydrate seemed to be important.