• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.693-701
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• 1992

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB] has been associated with a wide variety of hematologic derangements, including a transient deformation and hemolysis of red blood cells[RBCs], which is supposed to be due to mechanical trauma and/or metabolic alterations. Since membrane integrity is, in part, maintained by energy requiring process, inadequate function of erythrocyte glycolytic pathway, which is inevitalble during CPB, may cause depletion of high energy phosphate pool and result in hemolysis. The authors performed an investigation to assess whether administration of Fructose-l, 6-diphsphate [FDP], which has been known to enhance intracellular glycolytic activities, could counteract erythrocyte hemolytic events caused by CPB. Sixty pateints with cyanotic congenital heart diseases, who underwent open heart surgery under CPB longer than 60 minutes, were randomly divided into two groups depending on whether use of FDP[Group FDP] or not[Group Control]. The age, sex, CPB time, preoperative hemoglobin level, disease entities were all similar[Table 1], and membrane type oxygenators were used in all patients. In Group, FDP, a dose of 250mg/kg body weight of FDP was administered by intravenous dripping every 12 hours from the morning of the operation to postoperative 48 hours, To demonstrate the degree and pattern of hemolysis of erythrocyte, reticulocyte count, indirect /direct bilirubin, haptoglobin, plasma hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase were measured every 12 hours from the time of cessation of CPB to 48 hours and RBC morphologic study, osmotic fragility test were done every 24 hours. All parameters revealed less hemolytic in group FDP [Fig. 1~5], though the differences between two groups were not significant, except plasma hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase changes. A pattern of sequential changes of plasma hemoglobin, lactate deh-ydrogenase showed the highest level at the time of CPB stop and abrupt decrease in following 24 hours in both groups, and statistically significant differences were demonstrated in group FDP at least for the first 12 hours postoperatively[p<0.05]. The authors conclude that they can expect the benificial effect of FDP on the maintenance of membrane stability of RBC probably by energy enhancement during the shock status of CPB, but FDP could not completely prevent the damaging effect on RBC by cardiopulmonary bypass

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.952-961
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and the serum iron status of 74 Food and Nutrition major, and 45 non-major, female students at a university in Incheon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by the SPSS 10.0 program. The nutrient intake data collected from three-day dietary recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Anthropometric data and hematological indices of iron in the blood were measured. Average heights, weights, body fat and mid-upper arm circumference of Food and Nutrition major and non-major female students were 160.3 cm, 53.5kg, 25.8%, 23.7cm and 159.8cm, 55.5kg, 28.9%, 24.8cm, respectively. There were significant differences in body fat percentage and mid-upper arm circumference between the major and non-major students. In all subjects, daily dietary intakes of nutrients- except protein, vitarrlin B1, vitamin C and phosphorus - were lower than the Korean RDA. In particular, calcium and iron intakes of all subjects were under 60% of the Korean RDA. Values of RBC (red blood cell) count, Hb (hemoglobin), Hct (hematocrit), MCV (mean cell volume), MCH (mean cell hemoglobin), and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) of the non-major students were significantly higher compared to those of the major students. The diastolic blood pressure of the major students was negatively correlated with MCV, MCH, TS, and serum iron levels. Triceps skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and waist-to-hip ratios of the non-major students were negatively correlated with TIBC. Fat intake was positively correlated with RBC, Hb, Hct, and TIBC (total iron binding capacity) in the major students. Vitamin C intake was positively correlated with serum iron in the major students. Carbohydrate intake was positively correlated with Hb, Hct, and MCHC in the non-major students. Niacin and iron intakes were positively correlated with Hb and Hct in the non-major students. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary for female university students to improve nutritional status and to practice optimal nutrition strategies. (Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 952~961, 2002)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of quercetin (QE) in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM). A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without QE (100 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) was orally administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma glucose levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. To study the effects of chronic feeding of QE, five-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet, a diet containing QE at 0.08%, or a diet containing acarbose at 0.03% for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Plasma glucose and insulin, blood glycated hemoglobin, and maltase activity of the small intestine were measured. Oral administration of QE (100 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) to STZ-treated rats significantly decreased incremental plasma glucose levels 30-180 min after a single oral dose of starch and the area under the postprandial glucose response, compared with the control group. QE (0.08% of diet) or acarbose (0.03% of diet) offered to db/db mice significantly reduced both plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared to controls without significant influence on plasma insulin. Small intestine maltase activities were significantly reduced by consumption of QE or acarbose. Thus, QE could be effective in controlling fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in animal models of DM.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.44.1-44.8
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• 2016

Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii (mean length $14.53{\pm}1.14cm$ and mean weight $38.36{\pm}3.45g$), were exposed for 4 weeks with the different levels of ammonia in the concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L at 19 and $24^{\circ}C$. The indicators of growth performance such as daily length gain, daily weight gain, condition factor, and hematosomatic index were significantly reduced by the ammonia exposure and high temperature. The ammonia exposure induced a significant decrease in hematological parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht), whose trend was more remarkable at $24^{\circ}C$. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were also notably decreased by the ammonia exposure. Blood ammonia concentration was considerably increased by the ammonia concentration exposure. In the serum components, the glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were substantially increased by the ammonia exposure, whereas total protein was significantly decreased. But, the calcium and magnesium were not considerably changed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Purpose: Exercise has been shown to be a simple and economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as an effective aid for diabetic mellitus. For example, exercise training increases insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. But we found no reported of how exercise affect type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the impact of aerobic and graduated treadmill exercise regimens on body weight, glucose and insulin concentrations, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress indicators in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) was determined as an indicator of glucose control during exercise. Methods: In our study, a total of 40 rats were used. Three groups of 10 rats each were given STZ to induce diabetes. The remaining 10 rats became the normal group. After 28 days we determined biochemical parameters such as glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$), insulin concentration, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were also measured. Results: Concentrations of blood glucose and $HbA_{1c}$ in the moderated exercise groups were significantly decreased after 28 days compared with the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in serum TC and TG in the experimental groups. The activity of SOD increased significantly by 17.70% and 48.25% respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that physical training and exercise training affects body weight, fasting blood glucose, $HbA_{1c}$, insulin, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We suggest that graduated treadmill exercise may have therapeutic, preventative, and protective effects against diabetes mellitusby improving glycemic control, oxidant defenses, and lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.273-278
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• 2001

Absorption spectra of blood components have been measured for the purpose of predicting the total hemoglobin concentration. We obtained absorption spectra of major blood components from the visible to near-infrared of $400{\sim}2500nm$ region. In the near-infrared, water is the main absorbing constituent. The amount of water in the sample cell varies depending on the volume of solute concentration(water displacement). We acquired water-compensated spectra by considering the variation of water volume depending on the variation of analyze concentration. Those spectra show inherent absorption peaks of analyzes and linearity with respect to concentration. We selected wavelengths for non-invasive measurement of hemoglobin concentration considering the scattering effect of tissue and the interference of other blood components.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia should be controlled to avoid complications of diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the effects of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) berry (AOB) on fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: In vitro ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect of AOB was determined. Maltose solution (2 g/kg) with and without AOB extract at 500 mg/kg or acarbose at 50 mg/kg was orally administered to normal mice after overnight fasting and glucose levels were measured. To study the effects of chronic consumption of AOB, db/db mice received the basal diet or a diet containing AOB extract at 0.4% or 0.8%, or acarbose at 0.04% for 7 weeks. Blood glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose and insulin levels were measured. Expression of adiponectin protein in epididymal white adipose tissue was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: In vitro inhibitory effect of AOB extract on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 92% as strong as that of acarbose. The AOB extract (500 mg/kg) or acarbose (50 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the postprandial rise of blood glucose after maltose challenge and the area under the glycemic response curve in normal mice. The AOB extract at 0.4% or 0.8% of diet or acarbose at 0.04% of diet significantly lowered levels of serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance values in db/db mice. The expression of adiponectin protein in adipose tissue was significantly elevated by the consumption of AOB at 0.8% of diet. CONCLUSIONS: Autumn olive (E. umbellata Thunb.) berry may reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in normal mice. Chronic consumption of AOB may alleviate fasting hyperglycemia in db/db mice partly by inhibiting ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and upregulating adiponectin expression.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.441-449
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• 2022

In this study, we investigate the physiological response of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and Japanese croaker, Nibea japonica, on a series of rising water temperatures (WT). At 1, 9, and 17 days, WT increased from 23℃ (control) to 26, 29 and 32℃ within 6 hours, respectively, and then maintained for 96 hours. At 5, 13, and 21 days, WT decreased from each WT to 23℃ within 6 hours and was maintained at 23℃ for 96 hours. Blood were collected at 0, 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, and 60 days. In both species, hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin of stressed groups were lower than non-stressed group at 13 days. The osmolality of stressed group was lower than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days. In olive flounder, hemoglobin of stressed groups was lower than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days, respectively, but osmolality of stressed group was higher than non-stressed group at 9 days. In Japanese croaker, hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin of stressed groups were higher than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days, respectively, and osmolality of stressed group was higher than that of non-stressed group at 1 day. At 1, 17, and 21 days, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of stressed group were higher than non-stressed group in olive flounder. In Japanese croaker, AST and ALT of stressed group was lower than non-stressed group at 17, 21, and 60 days. The cortisol of olive flounder increased with increasing WT, but those of Japanese croaker increased with decreasing WT. In both species, the glucose increased with increasing WT. After changing WT, lactic acid of olive flounder and Japanese croaker were not significantly different. The physiological response of olive flounder increased directly to the increase in WT, and Japanese croaker contrasted with olive flounder.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2017

Although water is an essential component of the human body and is involved in many physiological processes, the effect of a steady and sufficient water intake on blood components has not well elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the changes in hematological parameters, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) after water intake in 13 healthy adults. They were divided into two groups: The control group (N=4), which consumed water ad libitum, and the experimental group (N=9), which consumed 2 L of water per day. Two weeks later, blood cell counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content had increased in the experimental group, although not significantly (p>0.05); however, there was a significant increase in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p<0.05; and p<0.01, respectively), and a significant decrease in the mean platelet volume (MPV) (p<0.05). Of the immunologic parameters, a non-significant decrease in the concentration of hs-CRP, an indicator of cardiovascular disease risk, was observed (p>0.05). However, there was a dramatic and significant increase in the concentration of IgG (p<0.05). In conclusion, a steady and sufficient water intake may contribute to alleviate anemia by increasing hemoglobin. Additionally, it may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease by decreasing platelet activation and concentration of hs-CRP. Furthermore, a steady intake of water may improve immune function by increasing the concentration of the components of humoral immunity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.259-265
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• 1982

We have designed a new type of bubble oxygenator (KOREA-KIM VENOTHERM OXYGENATOR) made of PVC sheet and deforming mesh incorporated in the heat exchanger, and evaluated in experimental animal for the analysis of it`s efficiency. The Oxygenator has low priming volume with high flow rate up to 6 L/rain, and efficiency of heat exchanger was excellent as 1-$1.5^{\circ}C.$ using total cardiopulmonary bypass method under moderate to deep hypothermia. Average priming volume of 1317 ml with 30% hemodilution method was perfused with an average of 1.1-3.0 L/min.$M^2$of arterial blood and pure oxygen at a rate of 2-3.4 L/min for 49.6 minutes continuously in average. During total cardiopulmonary bypass, average $PaO_2$ was $159.8{\pm}60$mmHg, $PaCO_2$ $41.0{\pm}3$mmHg respectively under $SaO_2$ over 96% with systolic arterial pressure of 70 mmHg and CVP of 5-10 cm$H_2O$. Plasma free Hemoglobin was $7.0{\pm}4$ mg/dl with 25% drop of hemoglobin and hematocrit at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. This KKV Oxygenator was observed to have excellent capabillty of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas transfer with small amount of blood trauma, and the efficiency of heat exchanger was satisfactory during cooling and rewarming of the bubbled blood. Disadvantages have included the somewhat poor deforming effect due to loose PVC fiber mesh, the extracompact character of Teflon filters, and the rough inner surface of the heat exchanger copper pipes.