• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2009

The concept of biostimulation of wounds by low-level laser therapy(LLLT) is attracting considerable attention. Although its effect on whole tissues has been studied quite extensively, the biological and cellular mechanisms underlying LLLT have not been clarified. In an experimental radius fracture in rabbits, Tang and Chai reported that LLLT enhanced the activity of red blood cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts within the fracture area. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT with a GaAlAs diode laser device on bone healing in rabbit mandibular fractures. We use 12 rabbits for this study. All rabbits were fractured mandible angle area using saw in anesthetic condition. In control group(n=6), none treatment was performed at fracture site. In experimental group(n=6), LLLT with a GaAlAs diode laser was radiated at fracture site daily for 7 days. All rabbits were sacrificed at 6 weeks later from performed fracture day. We studied the immunohistochemical staining of CD34 and Vimentin and the histochemical analysis for calcium and phosphorus content. The results were as follows. 1. In the histological and immunohistological staining, after 6week, fibroblasts, osteogenic cells and collgen fibers were observed more in experimental group than in control group. 2. In the histochemical analysis, the amount of calcium and phosphorus contents of the experimental group were more than the control group. From the results obtained, we suggest that the bone healing is stimulated by low-level laser irradiation in bone fractures.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2008

Meloxicam-loaded microspheres were prepared with poly(D,L-lactic acid)(PLA) by a solvent-emulsion evaporation method. The morphology, particle size, drug loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and release patterns of drug were investigated in vitro. Various batches of micro spheres with different size and drug content were obtained by changing the ratio of meloxicam to $PLA^{\circ}{\AE}s$ with different molecular weight, PLA concentration in the dispersed phase and stirring rate. Meloxicam crystals on microsphere surface, which were released rapidly and could act as a loading dose, were observed with increasing drug content. The release rate was increased with increase in drug contents and decrease in the molecular weight of PLA. Microspheres prepared with smaller molecular weight produced faster drug release rate. The release rate of meloxicam for long-acting injectable delivery system in vitro, which would aid in predicting in vivo release profile, could be controlled by properly optimizing various factors affecting characteristics of microspheres. Blood concentration-time profile of meloxicam after intramuscular injection of meloxicam-loaded microspheres in rabbits showed possibility of long term application of this system in clinical settings.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.648-653
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• 2012

The present study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with nucleotide (inosine monophosphate product, IMP) on the growth performance, feed utilization, and non-specific immune responses of juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Triplicate groups of tilapia (initial body weight, $7.4{\pm}0.04$ g) were fed experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% IMP. Fish were fed six times a day until apparent satiation for 13 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, final body weight and food utilization of fish fed 0.1% IMP were significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet. Results of hematological parameters were not affected by dietary IMP. However, blood protein level was significantly higher in the 0.05% treatment, as compared to that of the control and 0.2% IMP diets. Myeloperoxidase activity was higher in fish fed 0.1% IMP than in fish fed the control and 0.2% IMP diets. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with IMP can enhance the growth performance, feed utilization, and innate immune response of juvenile tilapia. The optimal IMP supplementation level appears to be 0.1% in practical feed formulations for tilapia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.476-479
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• 2009

Enucleation of a 9-year-old, spayed female Pekingese's right eye was scheduled because of recurrent eyeball rupture caused by chronic corneal ulcer and descemetocele. Scoliosis of the thoracic vertebra was observed on thoracic radiography. Complete blood count, electrolytes, serum chemistry profiles were within normal ranges except of alkaline phosphatase, which was markedly improved, compared with that of five months ago. Severe respiratory sinus arrhythmia was observed before induction of anesthesia, it disappeared after induction. Retrobulbar block was performed with 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine, 0.1% epinephrine combination (4 : 1 : 0.2 ratio of volume) before start of surgery. After retrobulbar block, heart rate decreased from 110 to 76 beats/min and sinus arrhythmia recurred. It was considered as oculocardiac reflex caused by increase of intraorbital pressure from retrobulbar block, atropine (0.025 mg/kg, IV) was administered and intermittent positive pressure ventilation was started. Three minutes after atropine administration, abnormal waveform of the electrocardiograph was appeared, it suspected as ventricular or supraventricular tachycardia, so lidocaine (2 mg/kg, IV) was administered. Then, heart rate was maintained around 130 beats/min, and the surgery was finished without the other problems. Although, retrobulbar block is performed to provide analgesia and to prevent oculocardiac reflex in ophthalmic surgery, occasionally it could induce oculocardiac reflex by infiltrated volume.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2007

Objective : Although hypothyroidism is a common disease in the endocrinology system, it is reported that there are a lot of difficulties in treating it effectively. Aconiti Ra얕 traditionally has been used in treatment of coldness, fatigue, and bradycardia. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Aconiti Radix on hypothyroidism rat model induced by 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). Methods : Two-month-old rats were used with administration of PTU which induced hypothyroidism in the rats. After 2 weeks, Aconiti Radix and thyroxine were administered, respectively. The body weights were measured every week. After 4 weeks, the blood samples of all rats were taken from their hearts. They were analyzed biochemically and $T_4$ (thyroid hormone) & TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) was measured by ELISA kits. Results : In comparison with normals, controls showed hypothyroidism with significantly low $T_4$ and high TSH the statistics. In Aconiti Radix administration groups significantly increased $T_4$ was observed in the statistics and its effects were dose-dependent. There was no difference statistically in TSH of Aconiti Radix treatment groups from controls, nor were statistical differences observed significantly in biochemical labs and weight of each group. Conclusions : These findings suggest that Aconiti Radix protects thyroid cells and makes thyroid cells produce thyroid hormones. It is also very safe in the view of liver, kidney function, and other metabolism. It may be a useful agent for treating hypothyroidism.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-278
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• 2008

Stress reaction can be shown widely in the systems of psychology, endocrinology, immunology and so on. Stress promotes catecholamine from the autonomic nerve system, and this activates the sympathetic nerve system. As the sympathetic nerve system is activated, high blood pressure, tachycardia, vertigo, anxiety, diaphoresis, myotonic reaction and others can happen. Autonomic imbalance is the syndrome that people suffer from various symptoms accompanying no organic lesions and no psychological disorders by losing the hormonies between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system. We experienced a 55 year-old female who complained of sudden abdominal pain after being frightened at trouble with her husband. Her abdominal pain was very characteristic, "Something is like rising in my abdomen.", that occurred several times a day. We diagnosed 'Bun-Ton Disease' from her abdominal sign. Several oriental medicine books recorded aspects of Bun-Ton disease and treatments, we had given herbal medicine and treated acupuncture be based on those. Results from studies to date suggest the Bun-Ton Disease's main cause is fright or shock, and they stimulate releasing epinephrine or norepinephrine, that result in various symptoms. In this case report, we will present this patient's case and review the Bun-Ton Disease.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.157-169
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• 2004

We have conducted questionnaire and measured serum kidney function tests on 156 patients whom have received a treatment at a local Oriental medicine clinic in Seoul from Sept. 1, 2002 to Dec. 31, 2002. Patients were categorized into five groups. The groups are control(10 samples), herbal extract group(41 samples), herbal pills group(5samples), western medicines(45samples), and combination group(55 samples). This study was conducted to investigate how these treatment methods can affect the kidney functions. Following results were obtained : 1) Most of the research subjects were male(103 individuals) living in large urban area, with a drinking habit, highly educated, and with normal marriage. For the treatment history, 45 individuals received western medicine treatment(28.85%), 46 with Oriental medicine(29.49%), and 55patients (35.26%) experienced both forms of the treatment. 2) For measuring Mean(SD) of serum kidney functions for all the research subjects, Bun was 12.16(3.90)g/dl, 0.51(0.19) g/dl for Creatinine, and 4.64(1.49)g/dl for Uric acid. All the measurements were within the normal range. 3) Confounding variables which may affect the kidney functions such as age, smoking, drinking, occupation, and residency were eliminated in calculation and no significant differences were witnessed between the control and experiment groups. 4) In measuring affects of treatment duration on the kidney functions, no statistical significances were shown in multiple regression's ${\beta}(SE)$ values. 5) Correlations affecting the kidney functions are duration of drinking, drinking volume per round, drinking volume per week, smoking, gender, and age difference caused significant correlations. From the above results, we can deduce that taking herbal and western medicine didn't cause significant effects between the control and experiment groups in the kidney functions. Further research is needed in this field to verify this evidence by adding odds ratios and etc.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.10C
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• pp.964-972
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• 2006

The kidney keeps with close relationship in the internal organs, that the kidney function filtering eliminate the wastes to the urine on the processing to replace the old with the new blood. In case of these problem in the kidney, there is no way to catch out with self-awakening symptom except for serious illness. This problem can solve with keeping the systematic diagnosis method in the kidney trouble shooting. Under the circumstances, the importance of the diagnosis for the kidney disease is growing day after day. In this paper, among the great four diagnosises, using the way of ocular inspection & auscultation, we would like to propose rouble shooting in the way of the kidney. To do this, through the assistance of the input image, extract the value of the color with appropriate output, analysing the color of the face with related to the kidney, using the results we would like to get the accurate symptoms on the kidney's problems. Also, through analysing and comparing with the relationship the kidney and the signal of voice, we would like to realize the proof system of human health. Finally, we'd like to make proof of the usefulness for proposed method from this study.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a diabetes management self-efficacy scale for older adults (DMSES-O). Methods: A preliminary DMSES-O of 22 items was derived from a literature review and seven domains of self-management behaviors. Content validity was confirmed by experts in diabetes self-management education. To test the reliability and validity of the DMSES-O, data were collected from 150 older adults with type 2 diabetes. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: From the exploratory factor analysis, 17 significant items in six subscales were derived. Factors derived were named "problem solving for hypoglycemia and self-monitoring blood glucose," "problem solving for hyperglycemia," "coping with psychological distress and taking medication," "reducing risks of diabetes complications," "appropriate exercise," and "healthy eating." The criterion-related validity of the DMSES-O was established by its correlation with the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, a measure of internal consistency, was .84 for the overall scale and ranged from .54 to .80 for the subscales. Conclusion: The DMSES-O is a reliable and valid instrument to measure selfefficacy for diabetes self-management among older adults.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2013

We demonstrated that a mineral aqueous solution (MAS) administered to mice functionally and histologically protected against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) and $CCl_4$-induced acute liver failure (ALF). In ARF model, 0.4 and 0.2% MAS decreased mortality and the serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatine in mice. Additionally, 0.4 and 0.2% MAS reduced contraction of distal convoluted tubules and suppressed expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interlukein-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$) in the kidney. In ALF model, 0.4 and 0.2% MAS decreased serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in mice. Additionally, 0.4 and 0.2% MAS reduced necrotic areas and suppressed expression of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in the liver. These results indicate that a MAS might have protective effects against ARF and ALF.