• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2010

Purpose: Of various effects of relaxin, we assumed that anti-fibrotic effects, neovascularization effects and vasodilatation effects of relaxin might enhance the survival rate of skin flap. In the current study, we used adenovirus expressing relaxin genes to examine whether these genes could enhance the survival rate of a skin flap. Methods: A total of 30 Sprangue-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: RLX group (10; relaxin virus injected group), CTR group (10; no gene coded virus injection group), and PBS group (10; PBS injected group). Each group was intradermally injected with the virus ($10^7$ PFU) and PBS 48 hours before and immediately before the flap elevation. A distally based flap $3{\times}9\;cm$ in size was elevated on the dorsal aspect of each rat. Following this, a flap was placed in the original location and then sutured using a #4-0 Nylon. A surviving area of the flap was measured and then compared on postoperative days 3, 7 and 10. Using a laser Doppler, the amount of blood flow was measured. On postoperative day 10, tissues were harvested for histologic examination and the number of blood vessels was counted. Results: There was a significant increase in the area of the flap survival in the RLX group on postoperative days 3 and 7. The Doppler measurement also showed significantly increased blood flow immediately after the operation and on postoperative days 7 and 10. The number of blood vessels was significantly greater in the RLX group in the tissue harvested on postoperative day 10. The VEGF concentration was significantly higher in the RLX group than others in the tissues harvested on postoperative day 10. Conclusion: Following an analysis of the effects of relaxin-secreting adenovirus on the survival of a flap, the surviving area of the flap and the blood flow also increased. A histopathology also showed an increase in the number of blood vessels and the concentration of VEGF.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2023

Arteriovenous fistula flow dysfunction is the leading cause of vascular access thrombosis and loss in patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, data regarding the influence of access flow rate measurements on the long-term outcomes of access are limited. This study aims to identify accesses at a high risk of thrombosis and loss among patients undergoing hemodialysis by measuring the access flow rate and exploring an optimal threshold value for predicting future access thrombosis. We enrolled 220 patients with arteriovenous fistula undergoing hemodialysis. The primary outcome was the occurrence of access thrombosis. Access flow rates were measured monthly using the ultrasound dilution method and were averaged using all measurements from patients with patent access. In patients experienced access thrombosis, those immediately before the thrombosis were selected. Using these data, we calculated the access flow rate threshold for thrombosis occurrence by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the patients were divided into two groups according to whether access flow rates were higher or lower than 400 mL/min. During a median follow-up period of 3.1 years, 4,510 access flows were measured (median measurements per patient, 33 times; interquartile range, 11-54). A total of 65 access thromboses and 19 abandonments were observed. Access thrombosis and loss were higher in the lowflow group than in the high-flow group. This study revealed that low access flow rates are strongly associated with access thrombosis occurrence and subsequent loss of arteriovenous fistulas in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2012

[목적] 본 연구는 화학적으로 안정된 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO (d, l-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime) 방사성 의약품을 사용한 환자 가운데 뇌조직 추출률이 떨어져 영상의 질이 저하되었던 환자를 대상으로 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 방사성 의약품 외의 요인으로 뇌조직 추출률에 변화가 일어나는 요인을 알아보고자 한다. [대상 및 방법] 2010년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 대뇌경색(Cerebral infarction, CI)에 의한 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 뇌혈류 SPECT 검사를 시행한 환자 272명 가운데 뇌조직 추출률이 떨어졌던 환자 23명(연령 $55.3{\pm}9$세, 남 21명, 여 3명)을 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자는 정상 뇌조직 추출률을 보인 환자와 검사를 동시에 진행하여 같은 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 방사성의약품을 사용함으로써 화학적 안전성을 확인하였다. 대상환자의 연령, 성별, 혈압, 당뇨 수치, 검사 시 사용 약물, 검사시 환자상태, 과거 검사 시 CT/MRI 조영제 부작용 이력, 과거 SPECT 검사를 시행한 환자의 전과 후 검사 영상을 비교하여 뇌조직 추출률에 영향을 미치는 요인과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. [결과] 다중선형회귀분석(Multiple Linear Regression)의 결과, 성별 및 전, 후 검사 영상을 제외한 6가지 사항에서는 특이한 상관관계를 발견할 수 없었다($p$>0.05). 남성 91.3%, 여성 8.7%로 남성이 여성보다 뇌조직 추출률이 떨어졌다고 보인다. 비모수 검증을 이용한 전과 후 검사 영상에서는 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다($p$>0.05). 결과적으로 전과 후 검사 영상에서 비슷한 뇌조직 추출률을 나타냈으며 환자 개인에 따라 뇌조직 추출률에 변화가 있음을 확인하였다. [결론] 화학적으로 안정된 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 방사성 의약품의 사용도 환자의 개인적인 특성 및 체질에 따라서 뇌조직 추출률이 떨어지는 유의한 요인임을 확인하였다. 앞선 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 뇌혈류 SPECT 관련 논문을 참고할 때 뇌혈관 질환 중 측부 순환로에 의한 요인이 추측되지만, 환자에 따라 뇌조직 추출률이 떨어지는 정확한 요인은 알 수 없었다. 그러나 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT 검사가 뇌질환에 따른 경과 추적에 유용한 검사이며 추적 검사 시 뇌조직 추출률이 떨어지는 환자에 대한 정보를 검사에 반영하여 정확한 검사와 판독에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2000

The effects of individual sweating rates on thermophysiological responses during the decrease phase of clothing surface temperature (Tcs) with cotton (C) and polyester (P) clothed subjects were examined. Seven women subjects were exposed in a climatic chamber at ambient temperature of $27.2^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 50%, and their lower-legs were immersed in a water bath at a temperature of $35-41^{\circ}C$ for 70 min. During water immersion, Tcs in C-clothed subject rose immediately after the onset of sweating and then Tcs fell gradually. In C-clothed subjects, Tcs decreased directly (p<0.05) in proportion to total sweating rate (TSR), however no significant correlation was observed in P-clothed subjects. The relationship between TSR and changes in mean skin temperature, and skin blood flow showed negative correlation when wearing C-clothing (p<0.05), however, no significant correlation when wearing P-clothing. Individual TSR was correlated with threshold rectal temperature for sweating onset (p<0.05) with C- and P-clothed subjects. The results showed that individual TSR had significant effects on not only Tcs but also on thermoregulatory responses during the Tcs decrease phase.

• Molecular Medicine Reports
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.3321-3329
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• 2019

Cuscuta chinensis Lamak (CCL) has traditionally been used in Korea to treat sexual disorders and skin problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of CCL extract on surgical injury-induced ischemia in the hind limbs of mice. Specifically, female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized, and their hind-limb vessels were ligated with surgical silk (6-0) and excised. CCL (150 or 450 mg/kg/BW) was then administered to the mice for 3 weeks, and the blood flow rate was evaluated using a laser Doppler system at -7, 0, 7, 14 and 21 days following hind-limb ischemia. The serum expression profiles of angiogenic and inflammatory mediators were measured using an antibody array, and the transcript levels were reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The rate of hind limb blood flow was normalized to non-ischemic lesions and revealed to be markedly elevated at 14 and 21 days following ischemia when compared with the vehicle group. The density of capillaries in the hind limbs was also significantly increased following treatment with CCL in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the transcriptional expression of angiogenetic factors were upregulated, whereas that of inflammatory cytokines were downregulated. Finally, vascular endothelial cell migration and tube formation were evaluated in vitro using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and identified to be significantly increased following treatment with CCL. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that CCL extract exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of hind-limb ischemia as it promotes peripheral angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1600-1608
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• 2005

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of exogenous bovine somatotropin on water metabolism in relation to mammary function in early lactation of crossbred Holstein cattle. Ten, 87.5% crossbred Holstein cattle were divided into two groups of 5 animals each. At day 60 of lactation, the control group was given placebo while animals in the experimental group were given recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) by subcutaneous injection with 500 mg of rbST (14-days prolonged-release rbST). In rbSTtreated animals, milk yield increased 19.8%, which coincided with a significant increase in water intake (p<0.01), while DM daily intake was not different when compared to the control animals. Water turnover rate as absolute values significantly increased (p<0.05), while the biological half-life of water did not change in rbST-treated animals. Total body water (TBW) and total body water space (TOH) as absolute values significantly increased (p<0.01) in rbST-treated animals, while it was decreased in the control animals. Absolute values of empty body water (EBW) markedly increased (p<0.05), which was associated with an increase in the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume. Absolute values of plasma volume and blood volume were also significantly increased (p<0.05) in rbST-treated animals. The increase in mammary blood flow in rbST-treated animals was proportionally higher than an increase in milk production. The plasma IGF-1 concentration was significantly increased (p<0.01) in rbST-treated animals when compared with those of control animals during the treatment period. Milk fat concentration increased during rbST treatment, while the concentrations of both protein and lactose in milk were not affected. The present results indicate that rbST exerts its effect on an increase in both TBW and EBW. An increased ECF compartment in rbST-treated animals might partly result from the decrease in fat mass during early lactation. The action of rbST on mammary blood flow might not be mediated solely by the action of IGF-1 for increase in blood flow to mammary gland. An elevation of body fluid during rbST treatment in early lactation may be partly a result of an increase in mammary blood flow in distribution of milk precursors to the gland.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2015

이 연구는 노인 여성에 대한 저항성 훈련 시 혈류제한(blood flow restriction)을 적용할 경우 저강도 운동을 통해서도 하지의 근력과 근육량을 효과적으로 향상시킬 수 있는지를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 총 16명의 노인 여성(연령 70.9±4.6)을 저강도 운동 집단(30% 1 RM, n=8)과 고강도 운동 집단(75% 1 RM, n=8)으로 구분하였다. 두 그룹 모두 우측 하지는 대퇴 근위부에 혈류제한용 커프(cuff)를 착용한 상태에서, 좌측 하지는 혈류제한 장치 없이 동일한 운동을 수행한 후 트레이닝 전·후의 근육량과 근력 변화를 분석하였다. 저항성 운동 프로그램은 leg press, leg extension, leg curl을 12회 반복으로 3세트씩 총 10주간 주 2회 실시하였다. 자기공명영상분석기(MRI)로 근 횡단면적(CSA)과 근육량을 산출하였으며, 체성분 변화는 이중에너지 방사흡수 계측기(DEXA), 근력 평가는 등속성 운동 장비(HUMAC Norm)를 이용하였다. 연구를 통해 10주간의 저항성 훈련 후 혈류제한을 적용한 상태에서 고강도 운동을 수행한 집단의 대퇴사두근 근횡단면적(15.2%, p<.001)과 근육량(13.8%, p<.001)이 증가하였으며 이러한 긍정적 변화는 혈류제한 상태에서 저강도로 운동한 집단의 횡단면적(9.8%, p<.001)과 근육량(6.9%, p<.001) 변화에서도 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 근력은 운동 수행만으로도 향상되었으나 혈류를 제한할 경우 향상도가 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 따라서 이 연구는 혈류제한을 적용할 경우 저항성 운동을 저강도로 수행하더라도 노인 여성의 근 비대와 근력 증가에 효과적으로 작용할 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2285-2290
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• 2012

동맥경화는 혈관 안에서 콜레스테롤의 침착 때문에 혈관이 좁아지거나, 딱딱해 지거나, 두꺼워 지게 되는데, 이런 현상이 심해지게 되면 동맥은 단단해져서 혈액이 원활히 통과하지 못하게 되고 심하면 사망 까지 이르게 되는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 복대동맥에서의 동맥경화가 진행되는 것을 탄성 혈관 일 때와 강성 혈관 일 때 각각 협착률이 혈관 직경의 20과 45%로 설정하고 속도와 압력 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 유한 요소 해석을 이용하여 모델링을 하였다. 혈관이 탄성 혈관일 때 속도와 압력 값은 협착률이 혈관 직경의 20%일 때 보다 45%일 때 더 높게 나타났으며, 강성 혈관에서 속도와 압력 값은 협착률이 혈관 직경의 20%일 때보다 45%에서 더 높았다. 협착률이 혈관 직경의 20과 45%인 탄성 혈관에서 재순환영역이 나타났다. 본 연구결과 혈관 협착에 따른 혈류역학적 특징을 이해하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.110-126
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• 2005

Purpose : The Purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of antithrombotic activities of Wuslsan (WSS). Methods : Measure the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD soulution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. Being classified one group of eight mice, each of them was divided into Normal, Control, and WSS. The normal group supplied a saline solution and the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood after an hour of administering the saline solution. Also WSS was dissolved in 2ml saline solution and then we dosed it to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood in the same way as the Control group. Results : The results were obtained as follows. WSS inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine significantly as compared with the control group. WSS showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. WSS increased blood flow rate significantly as compared with the control group in vitro. WSS inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and Epinephrine(inhibitive rate is 37.5%). WSS increased number of platelet and fibrinogen amount significantly, and shortened PT and APTT as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. Conclusion : WSS is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigated the usefulness of MR perfusion image comparing with SPECT image. A total of pediatric 30 patients(average age : 7.8) with Moyamoya disease were performed MR Perfusion with 32 channel body coil at 3T from March 01, 2010 to June 10, 2010. The MRI sequences and parameters were as followed : gradient Echo-planar imaging(EPI), TR/TE : 2000ms/50ms, FA : $90^{\circ}$, FOV : $240{\times}240$, Matrix : $128{\times}128$, Thickness : 5mm, Gap : 1.5mm. Images were obtained contrast agent administrated at a rate of 1mL/sec after scan start 10s with a total of slice 1000 images(50 phase/1 slice). It was measured with visual color image and digitize data using MRDx software(IDL version 6.2) and also, it was compared of measurement with values of normal and abnormal ratio to analyze hemodynamic change, and a comparison between perfusion MR with technique using Warm Color at SPECT examination. On MR perfusion examination, the color images from abnormal region to the red collar with rCBV(relative cerebral blood volume) and rCBF(relative cerebral blood flow) caused by increase cerebral blood flow with brain vascular occlusion in surrounding collateral circulation advancement, the blood speed relatively was depicted slowly with blue in MTT(Mean Transit Time) and TTP(Time to Peak) images. The region which was visible abnormally from MR perfusion examination visually were detected as comparison with the same SPECT examination region, would be able to confirm the identical results in MMD(Moyamoya disease)judgments. Hymo-dynamic change in MR perfusion examination produced by increase and delay cerebral blood flow. This change with digitize data and being color imaging makes enable to distinguish between normal and abnormal area. Relatively, MR perfusion examination compared with SPECT examination could bring an excellent image with spatial resolution without radiation expose.