• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives and methods: We investigated 17 books to study symptoms, pathology and acupuncture & moxibustion treatment of Hu-Ro(fatigue). Results and Conclusions: 1. The symptoms of Hu-Ro are the deafness, the amblyopia, the mass of sweat, the stiff joint, etc. There are also symptoms such as the fever of palm and legs, avoiding cold temperature in the afternoon, the fever during night time, the stomach fullness and diarrhea, the powerlessness of limbs, red colored urine. 3. The representing pathological mechanisms of Hu-Ro are Yang-deficiency(陽虛), Yin-deficiency(陰虛), Energy(Qi)-deficiency(氣虛), Blood(Hyul)-deficiency(血虛). The other pathological mechanisms are deficiency of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney and the basic Energy. 4. The fundamental treatment of Hu-Ro is "warming on worned ones(勞者溫之), supplying on damaged ones(損者益之), strengthening the weakened ones(虛卽補之)" as basis and also supplying blood with fostering spleen(養血建脾) and droping fever with clearing the clogged(降火淸鬱). 5. The meridians that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are the urinary bladder meridian, the conception vessel meridian(任脈), governor channel meridian(督脈), kidney meridian(腎經), liver meridian, heart meridian, spleen meridian, lung meridian, stomach meridian, small intestine meridian, gall bladder meridian, pericardium meridian and triple-warmer meridian in order of frequently refered. 6. The meridian points that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are Joksamni (足三里:25times), Sinsu(腎兪:20回), Bisu(脾兪:19回), Pyesu(肺兪:18回), Qihye(氣海:17回), Gohwang(膏肓:15回), Kwanwon(關元:14回), Sameumgyo(三陰交:13回), Eumgeuk(陰郄:12回), Daechu(大樞:12回), Sinmun(神門:11回), Simsu(心兪:11回), Nyegwan(內關:10回), Jungwan(中脘:10回) in order of frequently refered.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to develop a standard instrument of Pattern Identification for jing ji and zheng chong. Methods : The advisor committee on this study was organized by 15 neuropsychiatry professors of oriental medical colleges. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. We took consultation 2 times from the advisor committee and we also took additional advices by e-mail. Results : 1. We divided the symptoms and signs of jing ji and zheng chong into 9 pattern identification. - heart deficiency with timidity(心膽虛怯), heart qi deficiency(心氣虛), heart blood deficiency(心血虛), heart yang inactivity(心陽不振), heart blood stasis(心血瘀阻), phlegm turbidity obstructing(痰濁阻滯), yin deficiency with effulgent fire(陰虛火旺), water qi intimidating the heart(水氣凌心), dual deficiency of the heart and spleen(心脾兩虛). 2. We got the mean weights that reflect standard deviation to each symptom of 9 pattern identification which had been scored on a 100-point scale. 3. We made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong. It was composed of 17 questions in question-and-answer form. Conclusions : Instrument of Pattern Identification for jing ji and zheng chong was developed through experts' disscussion. If the validity and reliability of this instrument is confirmed through additional clinical trial, the instrument of pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong is expected to be applied to the subsequent research.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2003

This study investigated the relationship of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection to iron-deficiency anemia in high school girls. Four hundred and fourty-five subjects resided in Ulsan City in Korea were evaluated by questionnaire or blood analysis for serum indicators of iron status, daily nutrient intakes, symptoms of anemia, and H. pylori IgG antibody status. In H. pylori infected subjects, total energy intake of was 1534.14±350.81 kcal (73.0% of the Korean RDA), the iron intake of subjects was 11.38±3.90 mg (71.1% of Korean RDA) and calcium intake was 467.63±175.96 mg (58.3% of the Korean RDA). Carbohydrate (p < 0.05), vitamin A (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.01) intakes were significantly lower in infected subjects than in non-infected subjects. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) < 12 g/dL.) in H. pylori infected subjects was 22.7% as compared to 14.7% in non-infected subjects. The mean serum ferritin of infected subjects (21.71±21.50 ng/mL) was significantly lower than in non-infected subjects (p < 0.05) (as was the mean Hb concentration (12.54±1.51 g/dL) and hematocrit (37.99±3.64%)). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) of H. pylori infected subjects (449.09±78.23 ㎍/dL) was significantly higher than that of non-infected subjects (432.99＋76.15 ㎍/dL) (P < 0.05). The levels of iron, red blood cell (RBC) and transferrin saturation were similar in infected and non-infected subjects. Two symptoms of anemia, 'pale face (p < 0.01)' and 'decreased ability to concentrate (p < 0.005)', were significantly higher in H. pylori infected subjects than in non-infected subjects. High school girls are known to be more vulnerable to iron deficiency than other age groups, and this research demonstrates that infection with H. pylori increases their risk of iron-deficiency anemia.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 2015

$17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase are enzymes encoded by the CYP17A1 gene and are required for the synthesis of sex steroids and cortisol. In $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency, there are low blood levels of estrogens, androgens, and cortisol, and resultant compensatory increases in adrenocorticotrophic hormone that stimulate the production of 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone. In turn, the excessive levels of mineralocorticoids lead to volume expansion and hypertension. Females with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency are characterized by primary amenorrhea and delayed puberty, with accompanying hypertension. Affected males usually have female external genitalia, a blind vagina, and intra-abdominal testes. The treatment of this disorder is centered on glucocorticoid and sex steroid replacement. In patients with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency who are being raised as females, estrogen should be supplemented, while genetically female patients with a uterus should also receive progesterone supplementation. Here, we report a case of a 21-year-old female with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency who had received inadequate treatment for a prolonged period of time. We also include a brief review of the recent literature on this disorder.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2014

Protein S deficiency is one of the several risk factors for thrombophilia and can cause blood clotting disorders such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. A 54-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of dyspnea and was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. The patient had very low level of free protein S, total protein S antigen, and protein S activity (type I protein S deficiency). In history taking, we found that his mother, 78 year old, had a history of same disease 10 years ago, and confirmed the pronounced low level of protein S. The patient's son also had very low level of protein S, however there had not been any history of pulmonary embolism yet. This case study suggests that asymptomatic persons with a family history of protein S deficiency and pulmonary embolism should be checked regularly for early detection of the disease, as protein S deficiency can be suspected.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.734-743
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• 2001

Iron deficiency anemia is a worldwide public health problem relevant to unsound nutritional practice. While the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is very common among pregnant women, appropriate nutritional service programs to improve the iron status are lacking in Korea. In an attempt to develop a nutritional screening tool to separate the high-risk subjects of iron deficiency, we carried out a nutritional survey for 115 Korean pregnant women whose gestational age ranged from 13 to 24 weeks. Each subject was interviewed with questionnaires for general characteristics and dietary habits. Food intake was measured by 24-hour recap method and 2 day record. Fasting blood was drawn for measuring hemoglobin and serum ferritin. It appeared that half of the pregnant women belonged to the anemia group and had insufficient dietary habits to provide adequate amounts of dietary iron. The first gravida and the working women had better hematological iron indicators than the second or more gravida and the housewives. It also appeared that women who had bigger family size and lower BMI in pre-pregnancy had poorer iron status. Among the food consumption habits, fruit dependent dietary habit was related to poor iron status. Sufficiently consumed green leafy vegetable and appropriate amount of food before morning sickness were positive factors of iron stares. Our results indicated that parity, BMI, current job, family size, food habits including consumption of fruits, green & yellow vegetables, and food habits before the onset of morning sickness are significant factors to contribute the Fe deficiency anemia during pregnancy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.329-338
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• 2005

Breast milk is general term for crude milk and mature that is secrete after two-three days of delivery. Because amount of milk secretion is different, disorder of milk secretion is to be classified into galactostasis and spontanous flow of milk. According to this point, we considered thirty four papers and got the conclusion about the concept, cause, therapeutic method and medication of secreation disorder. Therefore we report the result. galactostasis due to deficiency of the qi and blood, depression of liver qi, blood stasis of postpartum, excessiveness and so on. If the qi and blood is deficient, therapeutic method is enriching qi and benefiting blood, if the liver qi is deprssive, treatment is relieving the deprssive liver and regulating the circulation of qi. The milk is flowing spontanously and continously due to a prosperous condition of qi and blood, too deficiency of the qi and blood, depression of liver qi and so on. If the qi and blood is deficient, therapeutic method is tonifying and arresting the qi and blood, if Liver channel is stagnated fire, puring the liver of pathologic fire, relieving the deprssive liver and regulating the circulation of qi. Clinical study for the 1 case of the recurrent cervical cancer patient.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.385-392
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• 2013

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent, primarily due to limited sun exposure, which may be observed in urban areas, or as a result of modern lifestyles. Common myths about vitamin D persist, including that it is mostly obtained from the diet and is only essential for bone and mineral homeostasis. Nonetheless, advances in biomedical science suggest that vitamin D is a hormone that is integral to numerous physiologic functions in most cells and tissues. Therefore, abnormal vitamin D levels may contribute to health disturbances. A number of recent reports on potential associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease have highlighted its role in this system. A focus over the previous decade has been to better understand the mechanisms behind vitamin D regulation and the pathophysiology associated with suboptimal vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is highly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, even when considering other well-known risk factors. In this process, the renin-angiotensin system is disrupted, and hypertension and endothelial dysfunction contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Likewise, clinical outcomes upon the normalization of vitamin D levels have been investigated in different patient populations. It makes sense that vitamin D supplementation to improve vitamin D status among vitamin D-deficient individuals could be useful without requiring a sudden lifestyle change. This manuscript provides a brief overview of vitamin D metabolism and the vitamin D receptor. It also summarizes the current clinical research relating to vitamin D supplementation and its effects on hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is development of questionnaire for pattern identification of infertility and analysis of infertility treatment trend in korean traditional medicine. Methods : Data was collected by survey papers from 19 professors of the society of korean obstetrics and gynecology. We surveyed on pattern identifications, symptoms and prescriptions of infertility treatment, diagnosis of ovulation and pregnancy, and duration of infertility treatment. Results : By analysis of survey papers, We choose Kidney yang deficiency, Kidney yin deficiency, Blood deficiency, Liver depression, Dampness-phlegm, Dampness-heat, Static blood pattern for infertility treatment. And 41 items of questionnaire were chosen. Conclusions : We developed the questionnaire for pattern identification of infertility. And further research is necessary for improvement reliabilities and validities of the questionnaire of infertility.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.463-472
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the iron status and its related factors in female college students residing in Gyeongnam. The prevalence of iron deficiency among subjects ranged from 3.4% in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) to 43.7% in ferritin. Weight, lean body mass (LBM) and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with ferritin concentration, but negatively correlated with total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Among the nutrients, vitamin A and B2 were major predictors of elevated iron status. Meal regularity was positively correlated with Fe and ferritin concentration, and meal number with transferrin saturation (TS), meal quantity with red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit (Hct). Consumption of fruit, meat, fish and poultry showed strong positive correlation with hematological indices. Therefore, increasing vitamin A, B2, C, and iron intakes as well as maintenance of a healthy weight may be helpful in preventing iron deficiency in female college students.