• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.522-528
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• 2010

This study was designed to examine the effect of estrogen deficiency on the metabolism of ethanol in ovariectomized rats. Female rats were assigned to an ovariectomy (OVX) and a sham (SHAM) surgery group. Gain body weight was greater in incresed in OVX group and especially uterus weight significantly decrease depending on the concentration of estrogen after 3 month of ovariectomy. Ethanol at the tolerative dose (6 g/kg) was injected to rats by oral administration to measure the concentration of ethanol in blood. The area under the blood concentration time curve (AUC) was significantly lower in OVX group than SHAM group. The significant decrease in AUC in OVX group indicates that the estrogen deficiency leads to changes of the factors related to ethanol metabolism. Activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase was not significantly influenced by the ovariectomy and also the ethanol elimination rate in vivo was not different. Cytochrome P450 isozymes did not show any changes except CYP 1A1 and 2E1. Level of hepatic glutathione in OVX group was higher after treatment of ethanol. Therefore the reduction of AUC appears not to be directly associated with the difference of ethanol metabolizing enzyme, but to be related with the physical factors like body weight.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 1989

In an attempt to investigate the current of clinical researches on spleen yang or vital energy deficiency syndrome, the results were as follows. 1. It is possible to occure spleen deficiency syndrome which come from genetic factor. 2. The absorption disturbance in spleen deficiency syndrome can be likely caused by gastrointestinal mucosa injury, disorder of vagus nerve funtion and impairment of excretion of exocrine gland in pancreas. 3. Owing to the failure of tansporting and converting funtion of spleen, minerals, hematogenic substance and nutritional substance are scanty and then imbalanced metabolism state which heat production is decreasing is appeared. 4. By the failure of vital energy and blood growth, decreasement of $O_2$ transportation ability of RBC, disoder of blood coagulation, immune system disturbance which humoral immunity is enhanced and cellular immunity is decreased, are noted. 5. While there is not still an attemt to study the spleen deficiency sydrome in muscle disease or disease of four extremities, but it is likely suggested that spleen-stomach supplyment thereapy is very excellent effect on muscle disease and disease of four extremities.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.243-258
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• 2000

From the reference research, the results obtained were as follows. 1. Until the "Song" dynasty, the predominant cause of facial nerve paralysis was the attack of Pathogenic Wind to "the Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming, (St.C.); and "the Small Intestine Channel of Hand Taiyang, (S.I.C.). They recognized the facial paralysis as an aspect of palsy. 2. In the period of Jin-Yuan(金元), the predominant cause was described as "Xuexu"(the deficiency of blood) and phlegm. They recognized that the facial palsy was a palsy. However, they also acceded to the possibility that there could be other explanations. 3. In the period of "Ming & Qing", there were numerous kinds of causes. For example, the following were identified as attacking the Meridian: the Pathogenic Cold; Pathogenic Heat; "Xinxu"(the deficiency in the heart); Fire and Heat combined as a pathogenic factor; "Pixu"(the deficiency in the spleen); and, "Xinxu"(the deficiency of blood). 4. In the past, Koreans have explained the facial paralysis according to the Chinese theories mentioned. However, recently there has been an emergence of another Chinese theory; whereby, facial paralysis is classified into causes and symptoms, and then medical treatment is applied accordingly. 5. From the occident medical perspective, the facial paralysis is categorized into two causes. The first is called central facial nerve paralysis and the second is called peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The latter is mainly caused by Bell's palsy, Herpez zoster oticus, and trauma.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 2007

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is characterized by progressive scarring of the lung leading to restriction and diminished oxygen transfer. Clinically, the presenting symptoms of ILD are nonspecific (cough and progressive dyspnea on exertion) and are often attributed to other diseases, thus delaying diagnosis and timely therapy. In this study, I analyzed the 10 chinese papers of interstitial lung diseases(ILD). The etiology are body resistance weakness(本虛) and pathogenic factor prevailing(標實). The body resistance weakness(本虛) including deficiency of the lung(肺虛), deficiency of the kidney(腎虛), deficiency of the spleen(脾虛), deficiency of Qi and Yin(氣陰兩虛), pathogenic factor prevailing(標實) including stagnation of phlegm(痰濁), blood stasis(瘀血), noxious heat(熱毒). As an treatment aim at supplementing lung and kidney(益肺腎), resolving phlegm and blood stasis(化痰瘀).

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.4
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• pp.161-187
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• 1995

This study was perfomed to investigate causes of the senile hypotension, pathogenic mechanism, symptoms, and therapies through medical literatures, recent chinese medical literatures and chinese medical journals. The results are as follows ; 1. The senile hypotension has major symptoms of dizziness, weakness, syncope, palpitation, shortness of breath, and deficiency of Qi. Additionally, it has minor symtoms of letharhy, isomnia, tinnitus, amnesia etc... 2. The prodromal symptoms of Kwul and Kwul are relating to the symptoms of tachycardia, facial pallor, sweating, anxietas, ambiguous consciousness, and fainting. Weakness and dizziness due to deficiency make the symptoms of exhaustion, fatigue, vertigo, lethargy, and brachycardia. 3. The most principal cause of the senile hypotension is deficiency of Shen due to aging, congenital deficiency, and chronic illness. The rest of causes are defciency of Qi and blood, phlegm of retention, stagnation of Qi, blood stasis, blood prostration etc... In the view of the occidental meicine, the causes of the senile hypotension came from the reduction of cardiac output, the decretion of cardiovascular system's extention due to aging, hereditary factor, secondary factor due to exsanguination, diabetes mellitus, C.V.A etc..., and factor of neurogenic system's degeneration. 4. The principal pathogenic mechanisms are the insufficiency of Xing-Yang, the deficiency of Qi in middle jiao, and deficiency of Shen-Qi. The rest of mechanisms are the deficiency of both Qi and blood, stagnation of the Gan-Qi, and the deficiency of Gan and Shen. Zang-Pu Organs have something to do with Xing, Bi, and Shen. 5. As principal therapies, there are warming and recuperation the Xing-Yang, strengthing the middle-jiao and replenishing Qi, replenishing vital essence to tonify the Shen, and warming and recuperation the Shen-Yang. Additionally, the therapies of invigorating the Bi and relieving mental stress, strengthning the Bi and tonifing the Shen, invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, soothing the Gan and regulating the circulation of Qi, and tonifing the Shen and nourishing the Gan help the cure of the senile hypotension. In prescriptions there are Baohe Yuan Tang, Buzhong Yigi Tang, Zuoguei Yin, Yougui Yin, Guipi Tang, Zhu Fu Tang, Shengmai San, Sini San, and Qi Ju Dihuang Wan. The medical herbs of Astragali Radix, Codonopsitis Pilosulae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Aconiti Tuber, Ephedrae Herba, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Cinnamomi Corfex Spissus, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Polygonati Sibirici Rhifoma, Lycii Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix can be treated. 6. According to the clinical report, the principal causes are the deficiency of Qi, and insufficiency of Yang which symptoms are dizziness, vitality fatigue and acratia, amnesia, body cold and alger of extremity, spontaneous perspiration, and therady and weak pulse. It was improved by taking WenYang YiQi Tang, Zhu Fu Tang about 20-30 days. The improvement was shown on disappearance of subjective symptoms or the ascending of blood pressure to normal figure, and the rate of improvement was over 70%. 7. As regimens, taking warming and recuperating food(a sheep mutton, juglans regia, chiness date, longan aril etc...) and pungent food(chinese green onion, fress ginger, pipers fructns etc...), doing physical training, not being ill in bed at a long time, and preventing descent of blood pressure coming from sudden change of posture are needed. Additionally, the usage of diuretic, abirritant, and depressor needs to be extra cautious.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.265-267
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• 1998

Cattle in Alaska seemed to be tolerant to low blood selenium (Se) although arctic winter energy demands might exacerbate oxidative damage to tissues lacking protection by Se. The thermogenic properities of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the long cold adaptation period for Alaskan cattle indicates that they might develop BAT. Eighteen mature beef cows with whole blood Se of< 19 ppb were used to examine possible relation-ships among Se deficiency, tissue lesions, and observable BAT. All cows were wintered on a diet low in Se and nine cows were given supplemental Se provided by intraruminal bolus. Blood Se was elevated (p < .05) from November through February by supplemental Se, but body weight and back fat thickness were unaffected (p < .10). Tissues were taken from two Se deficient cows, two cows supplemented with Se, and two cows given large doses of Se (300 mg by injection) four weeks before slaughter. Histopathological examination of 187 samples of fat (7 to 55 from each cow) showed no observable amount of BAT. Examination of other tissues showed no lesions attributable to Se deficiency.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.169-181
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• 2004

Uterine bleeding is a physiologic monthly event occuring during the reproductive period of the nonpregnant woman. As with any other physiologic event, normal women have different menstrual patterns and at times, it is difficult to define when normality ends and abnormality begins. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is an all-inclusive term: its diagnosis usually bepends on the exclusion of local or systemic organic causes. The term dysfunctional refers to alterations in the physiologic mechanism controlling a multitude of cyclic events in the women's reproductive function. These mechanism are primarily neuroendocrine in nature. According to oriental medicine, the Metrorrhagia(崩漏) means an abnormal bleeding of femail genetalia, and is devided to bungjung and bungha. The etiological factors of metrorrhagia are heat of blood, asthenic coldness, asthenia of chong and ren channels, deficiency of blood, deficiency of vital energy, stagnated blood, and asthenia of spleen & stomach.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2005

Anemia can be defined as a reduction in blood hemoglobin concentration or red cell mass relative to age matched normal values. Clinical presentation may range from obviously pale and lethargy to an incidental finding during screening of an otherwise well appearing child. The differential diagnosis of anemia in each instance is broad with numerous possible etiologies. A careful history and physical examination as well as complete blood count, peripheral blood smear and additional laboratory tests are necessary in defining underlying cause of the anemia and guide in further treatment plans. In addition, Iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation are common causes of mild to moderate anemia in children, but most pediatricians have some confusions to differentiate these two entities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 2021

Objectives: The present study reports case of an elderly kwashiorkor patient who was treated with Korean Medicine. Methods: A 68-year-old female patient with weight loss, general weakness, chills, anorexia, and dizziness after over 100 episodes of diarrhea visited the hospital. Blood tests showed hypoalbuminemia and anemia, and ultrasonography revealed fatty liver disease. The patient was diagnosed with kwashiorkor, and her symptom differentiation was Yang deficiency followed by Both Qi-Blood deficiency. Sayeok-Tang, Soshiho-Tang, Insamyangyeong-Tang, and Gongjin-Dan, herbal drugs, were given to the patient during 40 days of hospitalization. Results: After 40 days of hospitalization, her symptoms were reduced, and the blood test results improved. Conclusion: This case presents the therapeutic potential of Korean medicine in the treatment of kwashiorkor.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.532-539
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to assess th iron nutritional status of pregnant women and to evaluate the appropriateness of the present cut off levels of hemoglobin(Hgb), hematocrit(Hct) and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) for assessing iron deficiency status. Pregnant women who were visiting public helath centers in Ulsan were interviewed and agreed to attend the study. Blood sample was taken and biochemical analysis of blood was performed. The collected data were classified into 3 trimesters by gestational age and then statistical analysis was performed. The prevalence of anemia in all subjects was 32.3% by WHO criteria(Hgb < 11.0g/dl) and 17.8% of all subjects was iron deficient anemia by CDC criteria(Hgb < 11.0/dl and serum ferritin < 12.0ug/l). Since the iron deficient anemia generally occures at the last stage of iron deficiency, it is not efficient to diagnose and prevent the iron deficient anemia in pregnant women by using the present cut off level of Hgb. Therefore, the new cut off level of iron status indices is necessary for assessing iron deficiency in early pregnancy before manifestation of anemia and for reducing the prevalence of anemia in later pregnancy. For this reason, the present cut off levels of iron status indices were estimated and compared by assessing the iron deficiency judged by serum ferritin level (<12.0ug/l)as true iron deficiency. It follows from the results of this research that present cut off levels of Hgb, Hct and TIBC were very insensitive in identifying the subjection with iron deficiency. The appropriate cut off levels of Hgb were 11.5g/dl for total period of pregnancy, 12.0g/dl for 1st and 3rd trimester, and 11.5g/dl for 2nd trimester. The cut off level of Hct was 34.0% for total period for pregnancy, 35.0% for 1st trimester, and 34.0% for 2nd and 3rd trimester. The cut off level of TIBC was 400ug/dl for total period, 360ug/dl for 1st 2nd trimester, and 450ug/dl for 3rd trimester.