• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2014

Alcoholism is a significant global health problem. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play important roles in the metabolism of alcohol and aldehyde. In this study, we aimed to investigate the eliminatory effects of a fruit extract drink on alcohol metabolism in drunken Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were given a fruit extract drink or a commercial product (10 mL/kg) 30 min prior to 40% (5 g/kg) ethanol ingestion. To assay the effect of the fruit extract drink on blood ethanol concentration, blood samples were taken from the saphenous vein at 3 and 5 h after ethanol ingestion. The blood concentrations of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the fruit extract drink group than in the control group, in a time-dependent manner. However, the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of all experimental groups were unaltered compared to those of the control group. These results suggested that fruit extract drink intake can have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase concentrations in the blood and may alleviate acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2011

Five assays for anti-HBs were compared to improve potency test of Human lgG preparations. The three commercial EIA kits were optimized including dose response curve ranges and compared by conducting a co-laboratory study. After selecting the most reproducible EIA kit, methods comparison was performed with 22 samples in 5 different days. As a result, EIA (7.7 ${\pm}$ 5.3%) and MEIA (AxSYM: 3.7 ${\pm}$ 1.9%, IMx: 1.6 ${\pm}$ 0.8%) showed precision and accuracy (100.1 ${\pm}$ 12.6%). Therefore, the validated EIA assay was established and it is believed to be comparable to current MEIA.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.12
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• 2020

Currently, the optimal resuscitation fluid remains debatable. Therefore, in the present study, we designed a trometamol-balanced solution (TBS) for use as a resuscitation fluid for hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 18 male Wistar-Kyoto rats, which were assigned to normal saline (NS), Ringer's solution (RS), and TBS groups. During the hemorrhagic state, their hemodynamic parameters were recorded using an Abbott i-STAT analyzer with the CG4+ cartridge (for pH, pressure of carbon dioxide, pressure of oxygen, total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, base excess, oxygen saturation, and lactate), the CG6+ cartridge (for sodium, potassium, chloride, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (calcium, magnesium, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and albumin). Similar trends were found for the parameters of biochemistries, electrolytes, and blood gas, and they revealed no significant changes after blood withdrawal-induced hemorrhagic shock. However, the TBS group showed more effective ability to correct metabolic acidosis than the NS and RS groups. TBS was a feasible and safe resuscitation solution in this study and may be an alternative to NS and RS for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock patients without liver damage.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1681-1685
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• 2012

A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine valproic acid in human red blood cell (RBC). It is important to measure the drug concentration of the RBC as well as that of the plasma because of drug partitioning for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. The method was linear over the dynamic range of 1-100 ${\mu}g$/mL with a correlation coefficient $r$ = 0.9997. The linearity of this method was established from 1 to 100 ${\mu}g$/mL for valproic acid in red blood cell with accuracy and precision within 15% at all concentrations. The intra-run and inter-run assay accuracy and coefficient of variations are all within 15% for all QC samples prepared in plasma and red blood human samples. Then, valproic acid amount by protein precipitation in plasma was quantified by LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry. The distribution ratio of VPA in RBC and plasma was analyzed by clinical samples. Based on measurement of the valproic acid in human red blood cell, this method has been applied to clinical research for study of distribution ratio of valproic acid in blood.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.429-440
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• 2010

HS-SPME-GC/MS was studied and optimized for the determination of 17 orgarnophosphorous pesiticides (OPPs: chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, demeton-s-methyl, diazinon, dimethoate, EPN, fenitrothion, fenthion, malathion, methidathion, monocrotophos, parathion, phenthoate, phosphamidon, sulfotep, terbufos, triazophos) in blood. Optimum SPME parameters were selected: choice of SPME fiber (85 ${\mu}m$ polyacrylate), pH effect (0.5 N HCl), salt effect ($Na_2SO_4$, 0.2 g; 20%), headspace incubation temperature ($80^{\circ}C$), headspace incubation time (1 min), headspace adsorption time (30 min) and GC desorption time (2 min). These parameters were optimized using HS-SPME autosampler coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery in blood. The assay was linear over 0.5~5.0 mg/l ($r^2$=0.955~1.000). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in blood were determined 0.03~0.3 mg/l (S/N=3) and 0.1~1.1 mg/l (S/N=10), respectively. Relative recovery with 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/l (in blood) were 90.8%, 98.5% and 94.1%, respectively. This method will be applied to the determination of the orgarnophosphorous pesticides in postmortem blood. The proposed protocol can be an attractive alternative to be used in routine toxicological analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.299-315
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• 1997

The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of Samsaengyeum. water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurement of Mortality rate was observed for measuring the effect of Samsaengyeum water extract Samsaengyeum water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1me/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effect of Samsaengyeiim water extract was examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Samsaengyeum dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug reduced the fibrinogen lyses time and increased the lyses area of rat. 8. Samsaengyeum reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Samsaengyeum increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 2013

The biological effects of radiation are dependent on the dose rate and dose of radiation. In this study, effects of dose and dose rate using whole body radiation on plasma cytokines and blood count from male BALB/c mice were evaluated. We examined the blood and cytokine changes in mice exposed to a low (3.49m Gy $h^{-1}$) and high (2.6 Gy $min^{-1}$) dose rate of radiation at a total dose of 0.5 and 2 Gy, respectively. Blood from mice exposed to radiation were evaluated using cytokine assays and complete blood count. Peripheral lymphocytes and neutrophils decreased in a dose dependent manner following high dose rate radiation. The peripheral lymphocytes population remained unchanged following low dose rate radiation; however, the neutrophils population increased after radiation. The sera from these mice exhibited elevated levels of flt3 ligand and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), after high/low dose rate radiation. These results suggest that low-dose-rate radiation does not induce blood damage, which was unlike high-dose-rate radiation treatment; low-dose-rate radiation exposure activated the hematopoiesis through the increase of flt3 ligand and G-CSF.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.70.1-70.14
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• 2023

Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic and progressive granulomatous enteritis and economic losses in dairy cattle in subclinical stages. Subclinical infection in cattle can be detected using serum MAP antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Objectives: To investigate the differences in blood parameters, according to the detection of MAP using serum antibody ELISA and fecal PCR tests. Methods: We divided 33 subclinically infected adult cattle into three groups: seronegative and fecal-positive (SNFP, n = 5), seropositive and fecal-negative (SPFN, n = 10), and seropositive and fecal-positive (SPFP, n = 18). Hematological and serum biochemical analyses were performed. Results: Although the cows were clinically healthy without any manifestations, the SNFP and SPFP groups had higher platelet counts, mean platelet volumes, plateletcrit, lactate dehydrogenase levels, lactate levels, and calcium levels but lower mean corpuscular volume concentration than the SPFN group (p < 0.017). The red blood cell count, hematocrit, monocyte count, glucose level, and calprotectin level were different according to the detection method (p < 0.05). The SNFP and SPFP groups had higher red blood cell counts, hematocrit and calprotectin levels, but lower monocyte counts and glucose levels than the SPFN group, although there were no significant differences (p > 0.017). Conclusions: The cows with fecal-positive MAP status had different blood parameters from those with fecal-negative MAP status, although they were subclinically infected. These findings provide new insights into understanding the mechanism of MAP infection in subclinically infected cattle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.588-595
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• 2016

IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) have been developed as viable alternative diagnostic tools for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). A customized homogeneous sandwich luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay (LOCI) was used to quantify IFN-γ levels in IGRAs. Samples were collected from healthy volunteers (n = 40) who were T-Spot-negative and T-Spot-positive patients (n = 32) at rest. Then the amount of IFN-γ in the supernatant of IGRAs was measured by LOCI. The results demonstrated a low background, and high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and reproducibility, and a short assay time (only 30 min) with LOCI for IFN-γ. The recovery range was 81.63-102.06%, the coefficients of variation were below 5%, and the limit of detection was 19.0 mIU/ml. Excellent agreement between LOCI IFN-γ and the T-SPOT.TB test was obtained (97.2% agreement, κ = 0.94). The LOCI IFN-γ concentrations were significantly higher in T-Spot-positive patients than in the healthy group (p < 0.001). Moreover, as observed for the comparative LOCI IFN-γ assay, IFN-γ concentrations were related to the numbers of T-SPOT.TB spots. We have established an in vitro blood test for LTBI diagnosis, defined as LOCI IFN-γ. A high level of agreement between the LOCI IFN-γ method and T-SPOT.TB assay was observed in clinical studies that showed the LOCI IFN-γ method could determine LTBI. This study shows acceptable performance characteristics of the LOCI IFN-γ assay to diagnose LTBI.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2005

Background & Objective : Angiogenesis consists of the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of endothelial cells, and angiogenic factors and matrix protein interactions modulate this process. The aim of this study was to determine whether Puerariae radix could induce angiogenic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: The angiogenic activity of Puerariae radix were evaluated by using BrdU assay, chemotactic migration assay, tube formation assay, measurement of bFGF in HUVECs, and Matrigel plug assay in mice. Results : Puerariae radix significantly increased HUVECs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Puerariae radix increased migration and tube-like formation in HUVECs. Interestingly,the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an angiogenesis-stimulating growth factor, was dose-dependently increased by Puerariae radix. The angiogenic activity of Puerariae radix was confirmed using an in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis model, showing promotion of blood vessel formation. Conclusion : Puerariae radix significantly induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that Puerariae radix is a potent angiogenic agent, and a promising drug, for the induction of neovascularization.