• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.315-324
• /
• 2011

Riparian vegetation distribution patterns and diversity relative to various fluvial geomorphic channel patterns, stream bank stabilization methods, and stream flow processes are described and interpreted for selected nature-friendly small stream bank protection of Goesan, central Korea. Idong Stream Pilot Project, which began in May 2003 and finished in December 2003, was selected to develop effective methods which was nature-friendly stream bank protection. The project aim to maintain or increase stream bank stabilization ecosystem goods and services while protecting downstream and stream bank ecosystem. A number of protecting methods which were a Flight of fieldstone, Vegetation block, Green river block, Stone net, Green environment block, Eco friendly cobble, Vegetation mat and Geo-green cell and Firefly block were applied on the bank of Idong stream. The stream sites have been monitored about vegetation conditions each method in 2007. We selected six points to separately investigate in left and right bank. The main purpose of this study was to find out suitable methods and to improve stream restoration techniques for ecosystem. On the stream bank, H environment block method (9.7) was the highest average of vegetation coverage and Firefly block method (3.87) was the lowest average in applied methods.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2016

Defense Acquisition Program Administration's weapon system software development and management guideline specifies the criteria of software reliability tests including static and dynamic tests mainly on C/C++ languages. Recently, Defense Acquisition Program Administration expanded the scope of software reliability test for the various languages including C#, java etc. but specific criteria for them are not established. This study suggests the reliability test procedures and standards on C# programming software in weapon system. For the static test, considering the nature of the C# which depends on .NET framework, this paper introduces applying coding rules recommended by Microsoft Corp. Visual Studio 2012. Block coverage provided by Visual Studio is applied on dynamic tests and the achievement objectives for block coverage according to the software levels(A, B, C) are suggested. Also, the software reliability test procedures and standards proposed by this paper are properly verified through the case study. The result of this study can be used for establishing the specific criteria of the software reliability test for C# programming software in weapon system.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.359-366
• /
• 2009

자동 코드생성이란 MATLAB의 Simulink 환경에서 설계한 블록 다이어그램을 c 코드로 변환시켜 주는 기능으로 MATLAB과의 연동을 통해 소프트웨어 설계부터 검증까지의 통합된 개발환경을 제공함으로서 개발 시간을 크게 줄일 수 있다. 하지만 생성된 c 프로그램을 무인기에 탑재하기 위해서는 소프트웨어의 신뢰성 확보가 필요하며 특히 원본이 되는 Simulink 블록의 검증이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 자동 코드생성 기능을 고려하여 Simulink 환경에서 구성한 무인기용 자동비행 프로그램을 DO-178B에 명시된 소프트웨어 시험 과정에 따라 검증하였다. 이 과정을 통해 최종 프로그램은 기능 요구사항에 대한 만족함을 확인했을 뿐 아니라 Decision Coverage 93%, Condition Coverage 95% 그리고 MC/DC 90%로 구조적 측면에서 검증을 수행했다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate of the outdoor thermal environment by building scale and block type as variable factors. In this study, 18 cases of office in central business district that have different condition are compared about their surface temperature, HIP(Heat Island Potential), and MRT(Mean Radiant Temperature). They are simulated with 3-dimension numerical simulation software named Hoyano-model. The output results contain visualized distribution chart and numerical data. The results of evaluation are as follows. (1)The surface temperature of the building becomes higher as building coverage ratio is higher but floor area ratio is lower. In same conditions, unified block type is maximum $3.2^{\circ}C$ higher than divided block type. (2)HIP shows different daily pattern as block type. During daytime, divided block type is much higher than unified block type but after sunset, it is changed. (3)MRT shows different distribution pattern as sunlight moves expecially at noon. (4)As the results of this study, cases that have high floor area ratio condition show lower surface temperature by tendency to stay low indoor temperature in office building and big rate of windows on building surface.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2004

Recently the landscape of housing has been emphasized. This trend seems to reflect the negative aspects of housing landscape in urban area. Throughout the analysis on the various visual density index, the following findings were obtained; 1) Elevation blockage ratio(EBR) was permitted differently according to the types of housing blocks, and the preference of block layout was different to the location of site. 2) EBR regulation level was acceptable. But 40m level of general area should be stepped up to the 35m level. 3) The correlation between the floor area ratio(FAR) and the EBR was not high. Therefore it is reasonable to regulate the EBR to the location. 4) Elevation coverage ratio(ECR) was highly correlated with the FAR. It means that FAR can substitute for the ECR, and ECR should be regulated to the level of FAR.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.242-249
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the dosimetry of electron beam (EB) plans and three-dimensional helical tomotherapy (3DHT) plans for the patients with left-sided breast cancer, who underwent breast conserving surgery. Materials and Methods: We selected total of 15 patients based on the location of tumor, as following subsite: subareolar, upper outer, upper inner, lower lateral, and lower medial quadrants. The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the area of architectural distortion surrounded by surgical clip plus 1 cm margin. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), quality of coverage (QC) and dose-volume parameters for the CTV, and organ at risk (OAR) were calculated. The following treatment techniques were assessed: single conformal EB plans; 3DHT plans with directional block of left anterior descending artery (LAD); and 3DHT plans with complete block of LAD. Results: 3DHT plans, regardless of type of LAD block, showed significantly better CI, HI, and QC for the CTVs, compared with the EB plans. However, 3DHT plans showed increase in the $V_{1Gy}$ at skin, left lung, and left breast. In terms of LAD, 3DHT plans with complete block of LAD showed extremely low dose, while dose increase in other OARs were observed, when compared with other plans. EB plans showed the worst conformity at upper outer quadrants of tumor bed site. Conclusion: 3DHT plans offer more favorable dose distributions to LAD, as well as improved target coverage in comparison with EB plans.

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2002

The effect of diurnal cycle, intermittent visit of observation satellite, sensor installation, partial coverage of remote sensing, heterogeneity of soil properties and precipitation to the soil moisture estimation error were analyzed to present the global sampling strategy of soil moisture. Three models, the theoretical soil moisture model, WGR model proposed Waymire of at. (1984) to generate rainfall, and Turning Band Method to generate two dimensional soil porosity, active soil depth and loss coefficient field were used to construct sufficient two-dimensional soil moisture data based on different scenarios. The sampling error is dominated by sampling interval and design scheme. The effect of heterogeneity of soil properties and rainfall to sampling error is smaller than that of temporal gap and spatial gap. Selecting a small sampling interval can dramatically reduce the sampling error generated by other factors such as heterogeneity of rainfall, soil properties, topography, and climatic conditions. If the annual mean of coverage portion is about 90%, the effect of partial coverage to sampling error can be disregarded. The water retention capacity of fields is very important in the sampling error. The smaller the water retention capacity of the field (small soil porosity and thin active soil depth), the greater the sampling error. These results indicate that the sampling error is very sensitive to water retention capacity. Block random installation gets more accurate data than random installation of soil moisture gages. The Walnut Gulch soil moisture data show that the diurnal variation of soil moisture causes sampling error between 1 and 4 % in daily estimation.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

음영 지역 해소 및 셀 커버리지 확대를 위하여 중계기를 활용하는 이동 통신 시스템이 널리 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 중계기를 통해 다중 경로가 확보된 음영 지역에서 주파수 공간 블록 부호를 적용한 OFDMA(orthogonal frequency division multiple access) 전송 시스템을 제안한다. 다중 중계기에서 복원된 전송 신호에 대하여 주파수 공간 블록 부호를 적용하여 재전송함으로서 음영 지역 내 단말기의 수신 성능을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다. 실험을 통해, 제안된 주파수 공간 블록 부호화 OFDMA 전송 시스템의 성능이 기존의 단일 경로 OFDMA 전송 시스템의 성능보다 우수함을 확인한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 강동구 가래여울마을 한강제방을 대상으로 호안공법에 따른 자연적인 식생유입 현황을 분석하여 생태적인 측면을 고려한 제방 호안 식생유도를 목적으로 수행하였다. 제방 호안공법별 식생 분포 특성을 분석한 결과 장대블록에는 귀화초본이 70.7%로 우점하였고 잔디블록에는 자생초본군락이 48.5%, 방틀블록은 자생초본군락 55.7%로 자생초 본군락 면적은 방틀블록에서 가장 넓었다. 제방 호안공법별 식생피도는 장대블록이 평균 27.9%로 가장 낮았고 잔디블록(평균 95.3%), 방틀블록(평균 97.5%)순으로 높았다. 식생기반면적에서는 장대블록이 가장 협소하였으며 방틀블록이 가장 넓었다. 식물군집구조에서 장대블록은 건조초본 및 덩굴성초본이 주로 우점하였고 식생피도도 낮았으며 잔디블록은 다양한 종이 소규모군락을 형성하였다. 방틀블록은 식생기반 면적이 가장 넓어 다년생 초본인 물억새, 큰김의털,미국쑥부쟁이 등이 넓은 면적의 군락을 형성하였다. 호안공법별 평균 건물중은 장대블록은 $6.75g/m^2$, 잔디블록은 $137.65g/m^2$, 방틀블록은 $187.63g/m^2$으로 방틀블록 식물 건물중이 가장 많았다. 토양특성에서 토양 수분함량은 방틀블록 16.3%, 잔디블록 15.2%인 반면 장대블록은 4.7%로 토양이 매우 건조하였다. 토양 이화학적 특성 분석결과 토성, 토양산도(pH), 치환성 양이온 함량은 호안공법별로 큰 차이가 없었으며 토양유기물 함량(OM)과 유효인산(Available $P_2O_5$)은 장대블록에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 따라서 향후 하천제방 호안녹화의 경우 제방의 안전을 고려하여 가능한 식생기반 면적을 넓혀주어 자연적인 식생 유입이 가능하도록 제방 호안공법 적용이 필요하였다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2000

Structually organized mono- and multilayers were developed on gold for the catalytic and affinity biosensing using hyper-branched dendrimers. For the catalytic biosensing interface, a new approach to construct a multilayered enzyme film on the electrode surface was developed. The film was prepared by layer-by-layer depositions of dendrimers and periodate-oxidized glucose oxidase. The voltammograms obtained from the GOx/dendrimer multilayered electrodes revealed that bioelectrocatalytic response is directly correlated to the number of deposited bilayers. From the analysis of voltammetric and ellipsometric signals, the coverage of active enzyme per layer during the layering steps was estimated, demonstrating the spatially-ordered multilayer formation. As an extension of the study, dendrimers having various degrees of ferrocenyl modification were prepared and used. The resulting electrodes were electrochemically characterized, and the density of ferrocenyl groups, active enzyme coverage, and sensitivity were estimated. For the affinity-sensing surrface, a biosensor system based on avidin-biotin interaction was developed. As the building block of affinity monolayer, G4 dendrimer having partial ferrocenyl-tethered surface groups was prepared and used. And the biotinylated and electroactive dendritic monolayer was used for the affinity-sensing surface interacting with avidin. Electrochemical characterization of the resulting biosensor was conducted using free enzyme in electrolyte in terms of degree of surface coverage with avidin and subsequent surface shielding.