• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2012

This paper presents a blind watermark detection scheme for an additive watermark embedding model. The proposed estimation-correlation-based watermark detector first estimates the embedded watermark by exploiting non-Gaussian of the real-world audio signal and the mutual independence between the host-signal and the embedded watermark and then a correlation-based detector is used to determine the presence or the absence of the watermark. For watermark estimation, blind source separation (BSS) based on independent component analysis (ICA) is used. Low watermark-to-signal ratio (WSR) is one of the limitations of blind detection with the additive embedding model. The proposed detector uses two-stage processing to improve the WSR at the blind detector; the first stage removes the audio spectrum from the watermarked audio signal using linear predictive (LP) filtering and the second stage uses the resulting residue from the LP filtering stage to estimate the embedded watermark using BSS based on ICA. Simulation results show that the proposed detector performs significantly better than existing estimation-correlationbased detection schemes.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.219-222
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a new blind image watermarking method in wavelet domain. It is necessary to find out watermark insertion location in blind watermark. We use horizontal and vertical difference of LL components to select watermark insertion location, because increment or decrement of successive components is rarely changed in LL band. A pseudo-random sequence is used as a watermark. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to various kinds of attacks such as JPEG lossy compression, averaging, median filtering, resizing, histogram equalization, and additive Gaussian noise.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 강인성과 인지성을 함께 발전시킨 블라인드 워터마킹 방법에 대해 언급한다. 워터마크의 삽입 위치를 선정하기 위해 영상을 이산 웨이블렛 변환한 후 이웃한 관사 계수간의 증감 정보를 이용한다. 제안된 방법을 시험하기 위해 실험 영상에 워터마크를 삽입한 후 JPEG 손실 압축과 여러 필터의 적용과 같은 변형을 가하여 삽입한 워터마크를 다시 찾아내는 실험을 실시한다. 실험 결과는 제안된 워터마킹 방법이 비인지성을 유지하면서도 여러 가지 공격(attack)에 강인함을 보여준다.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2010

Digital watermark technologies conceal the information of video contents that presents who is the owner and/or who is the user. In spite of various attempts to insert watermark, trials to mark information of users or buyers into contents have not been successful. It is the reason that the rates of detection is decreased seriously if there are some attacks to the contents such as resizing or bitrate decreasing. In this paper, the algorithm to insert the coded watermarks of users into video contents and to detect them without original contents under attacks will be described.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 디지털 영상의 블라인드 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 웨이블릿 평면에서 처리되는 변환 평면 워터마킹 알고리즘으로서 2차원 EMD을 이용하여 분해된 워터마크의 EMF 성분들이 웨이블릿 대역에 삽입되어, 각 웨이블릿 대역은 워터마크의 일부 정보만을 포함하고 있는 것을 특징으로 하고 있다. 워터마크의 추출은 각 웨이블릿 대역에서 추출한 워터마크의 일부 정보들을 2차원 EMD의 선형적인 특징에 의해 산술적 또는 논리적 연산을 통하여 회복할 수 있도록 하였다. 개발한 워터마킹 알고리즘은 비가시성, 강인성 등 워터마킹 알고리즘에서 요구되는 조건들에 대한 실험을 수행하여 성능을 비교 분석하였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.832-835
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed a blind watermarking algorithm to use characteristics of a scalar quantizer which is similar with the recommended in the JPEG2000 and JPEG. This algorithm shifts a quantization index according to the value of each watermark bit to prevent losing the watermark information during the compression by quantization. Therefore, the watermark is embedded during the process of quantization, not an additional process for watermarking, and adaptively applied as an assigned quantizer according to application area. In the embedding process, a LFSR(Linear feedback shift register) is used to hide the watermarking positions. Therefore the embedded watermark can be extracted by only the owner who knows the initial value of LFSR without the original image. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm satisfies the robustness and imperceptibility corresponding to the major requirement of watermarking.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.552-558
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• 2009

We proposed a semi-blind digital image watermarking technique for copyright protection. The proposed algorithm embedded a binary sequence watermark into significant wavelet coefficients by using a quantization method. The main idea of the quantization method was to quantize a middle coefficient of the triplet of a significant wavelet coefficient according to the watermark's value. Unlike an existing algorithm, which used a random location table to find a coefficient in which the watermark bit will be embedded: the proposed algorithm used quad-tree decomposition to find a significant wavelet coefficient for embedding. For watermark detection, an original host image was not required. Thanks to the usage of significant wavelet coefficients, the proposed algorithm improved the correlation value, up to 0.43, in comparison with the existing algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.225-228
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• 2005

According to a popularization of the Internet and digital lifestyle, digital watermarks have been proposed for protection of copyrighted multimedia content. In blind watermark detection, which an original image is not provided, robustness against geometric distortion and compression remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new perceptual blind discrete wavelet transform - discrete Fourier transform (DWT-DFT) composite watermarking scheme that is robust against both general linear transform and JPEG compression. This algorithm constructs an image-dependent watermark in the most significant DWT coefficients, which is determined by using a hierarchical tree structure. Strength of watermark is determined from a just-noticeable difference (JND) profile of a perceptual model. Furthermore, a desired template is inserted into DFT domain of the watermarked image. In new manner, a cross-ratio of four collinear points is used for detecting the template. Experimental results have showed that the proposed scheme is robust against general linear distortion, JPEG compression and various general kinds of attacks in the Stirmark 3.1 watermark evaluation tool.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권9C호
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• pp.1289-1297
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• 2004

디지털 워터마킹은 지척재산권과 보안성을 결항시키는 기술이다 블라인드 워터마킹은 원본데이터나 삽입한 워터마크를 필요로 하지 않기 때문에 어려운 워터마킹 기술 중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 웨이블릿 영역의 에너지 양자화를 이용하여 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 공격의 종류와 강도에 따른 영상의 에너지 변화에 대하여 워터마크 추출강도가 적응적으로 변하기 때문에 강인한 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 모의실험에서 상입된 워터마크의 비가시성을 유지하였으며, 잡음첨가, 잘라내기, 블러링, 샤프닝 등의 다양한 공격에 대해서 강인함을 보여주었다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2002

Digital watermarking is the technique, which embeds an invisible signal including signal including owner identification and copy control information into multimedia data such as audio, video, and images for copyright protection. A new MPEG watermark embedding algorithm using complex block effect based on the Human Visual System(HVS) is introduced in this paper. In this algorithm, $8{\times}8$ dark blocks are selected, and the watermark is embedded in the DC component of the discrete cosine transform(DCT) by using quantization and modulus calculation. This algorithm uses a blind watermark retrieval technique, which detects the embedded watermark without using the original image. The experimental results show that the proposed watermark technique is robust against MPEG coding, bitrate changes, and various GOP(Group of Picture) changes.