• 인삼문화
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• 제6권
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• pp.51-79
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• 2024

인삼 병해 방제 연구 초기 단계였던 1970~1980년대에는 병원균을 분리하고 동정한 후 병원균의 생리와 발병 특성을 구명하였다. 그에 따라 지상부 주요 병해인점무늬병, 탄저병, 역병, 그리고 주요 토양 병해인 모잘록병, 모썩음병, 균핵병, 잘록병 등에 대한 경종적(耕種的) 예방법과 화학적 방제를 병행하는 방제법이 수립 될 수 있었다. 1980년대에 해가림 피복물이 기존의 볏짚 대신 polyethylene(P.E) 차광망으로 바뀌었다. 이에 따른 병 방제법 개선 연구가 1987~1989년에 진행되었다. 이때의 연구를 통하여 점무늬병 발병 억제를 위한 빗물 누수 최소화 4중직 P.E 차광망 소재가 도입되었다. 1990년부터는 줄기속무름병균을 동정하였고 발병을 억제하는 화경제거법이 수립되었다. 또한 연작장해 원인균인 뿌리썩음병균을 구명하고 연작지 재활용을 위한 토양 훈증방법, 성토방법의 기초 및 응용연구가 진행되었다. 2000년에 들어서는 급속한 기후 변화에 대응하기 위한 방제법 수정과 보완 연구가 수행되었는데 출아기 강우 과다에 의한 줄기점무늬병의 작물보호제 방제법과 잿빛곰팡이병의 경종적 예방법이 수립되었다. 또한 모잘록병, 잘록병의 방제법 개선 방안이 확립되었다. 지난 50년 동안 초기에는 인삼 병의 원인과 방제법의 개발에 주력하였고, 후기에는 개발된 방제법의 개선이 이루어졌다. 이러한 연구 결과를 경험삼아 앞으로 기후변화, 인삼 초작지 고갈, 인건비 상승, 소비자의 안전성 의식제고 등과 같은 여건 변화에 능동적으로 대응할 수 있는 새로운 인삼 재배법과 병해 방제법이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1981

전북고냉지 단경기채소단지인 무주, 남원, 진안, 장수지역의 무우, 배추 재배포장에 대한 병해발생, 기상관계, 매개진딧물 밀도등을 조사하였다. 7월부터 9월까지 순별로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 발병상황은 지역적 특이성이 없고 비슷하였다. 배추의 주요병해는 흰빛썩음병, 흰무늬병, 노균병, virus병 검은무늬병 Fusarium에 의한 입고현상등이고, 무우에서는 바이러스명병, 흰녹가루병, 검은빛썩음병, 흰빛썩음병 검은 무늬병, Fusarium에 의한 입고현상등의 피해가 나타나고 있다. 발병상황을 시기적으로 보면 8월 20일경이 최고발병기이였다. 무는 총감염율이 $27\%$ 이고, 그후 점차 감소하였으나, 배추는 $20\%$의 감염상태가 계속 지속된다. 장기별 발병상황은 무우는 비대기 $25\%$, 수확기 $26\%$로 후반기에 급증한다. 배추는 초기생장기부터 계속적인 발병증가를 나타내여 결구기수확기 $20\%$의 총감염율을 나타낸다. 외국에서 보고된 Fusarium이 의한 입고현상과 Aphanomyces에 의한 근부병이 조사지역에 발병되고 있었다. 기상환경은 채소생장기간의 평균최고온도가 $25^{\circ}C$ 정도이나 우기가 겹치고, 냉량다습하여 발병의 유인적환경이였다. 매개진딧물의 분포밀도는 평난지보다 낮으며 총진딧물 대비 매개진딧물은 남원이 $73.53\%(289/393)$로 많고, 무주가 $18.12\%(31/171)$로 제일 낮았다. 매개진딧물중 우점종은 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)이였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.33-38
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• 1965

1) 본 보고는 1965년 10월초 수도백엽고병이 격발한 전라남도내 담양읍, 대전면을 위시하여 천변인 영산포, 해안지대인 수포등 현재에서 피해상황과 그 원인 등을 조사해석하여 방제의 자료로 하고자 한 것이다. (2) 이앙기의 한발과 7월의 호우 등으로 인한 일부답의 침수는 본병이 조기다발하기에 알맞는 기상조건이었다. (3) 담양지방에서는 7월초순 호우가 있은 후, 일부 침수답에서 7월중순에 초발을 보게 되었으며, 농민들이 새로운 큰 병해라고 인식이 높아졌다. (4) 이앙기가 빠른 답일수록 피해가 많았다. (5) 침수지구의 피해가 심하였다. (6) 품종간의 차이가 확연하였으며, 특히, 전남풍, 천본욱이 약하고 농림 6호는 강한 편이었다. (7) 평야부가 고지대보다 피해가 많았다. (8) 휴한답이 이모작답에 비하여 피해가 심하였다. (9) 습답, 반습답에 피해가 심한 편이며 건답이 적은 편이었다. (10) 물고부근의 피해가 내부보다 많은 편이다. (11) 점형발생답을 많이 볼 수 있었다. (12) 발병하였을 때의 낙수가 병세를 조장시켰다는 농민이 다수였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

This study was conducted to develope an evaluation system for sustainable conservation of old trees with historic and traditional values in rural areas. Existing evaluation system was modified through field application of 10 old trees and expert research twice for development of new evaluation system. 4 evaluation items in 10 evaluation items were deleted by first expert research. Some items are proposed to offer a figure explanation by second expert research. End-developed evaluation items are consisted of 6 items ((1) Ground State, (2) Blight, Harmful Insects, (3) Tree Form, (4) Canopy Vitality, (5) Bark, (6) Damage) reflecting the order of importance evaluation. Old trees evaluation system developed in this study is expected to be utilized continuously to conserve the old trees in the rural areas and gradually help to increases the historic and traditional values.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2005

우리나라 벼 유기농업 실천농가의 가장 큰 애로사항은 알려져 있는 병해 및 잡초 제어기술을 정립하기 위하여 강화 등 5개 지역의 벼 유기농재배지와 관행재배지에서 병해충의 발생 실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 병해 발생조사결과 도열병은 관행재배지보다 오리농법 재배지에서 발병이 많았고 품종별로는 추청벼 보다 일품벼에서 발병이 많았으며, 잎집무의마름병은 오리농법과 쌀겨농법재배지에서 발병이 많았고 품종별로는 추청벼 보다 일품벼에서 발병이 많았으며, 문고병도 관행재배지보다 오리농법과 쌀겨농법에서 발병이 많은 경향이었다. 2. 친환경 자재의 벼 종자소독 효과시험 결과 현미식초 1,000배액이 키다리병 방제에 효과가 있었으며 발아율도 양호하였고, 시중에 종자소독용으로 유통되고 있는 친환경자재의 도열병에 대한 예방 및 치료효과는 미미하였다. 3. 헤어리벳치 재배구의 헤어리벳치 건물 중이 이앙시기에 추천량의 1/40에 불과하여 헤어리벳치 재배에 의한 토양물리성의 변화는 없었다. 4. 헤어리베치 잎과 뿌리의 추출물질은 상추종자의 발아 억제효과를 보였다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.88.2-89
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• 2003

Changes of control efficacy of metalaxyl to potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans were examined in potato fields from 2001 to 2003. In 2001 and 2002, control efficacy of metalaxyl was similar to those of dimethomorph and ethaboxam. However, the control efficacy of metalaxyl were decreased to 50.3％ in 2003. Total 366 isolates of P infestans obtained from several areas in Korea from 2001 to 2003 were examined for changes of sensitivity to metalaxyl. About 6.8％ of fungal isolates examined in 2001 were sensitive, 84.1％ were intermediate resistant, 9.1％ were resistant to metalaxyl. Among the isolates collected in 2002, 3.9％ were sensitive, 75.6％ were intermediate resistant, 20.6％ were resistant to the chemical. However, among the isolates obtained in 2003, 55.9％ were intermediate resistant, 44.1％ were resistant, but none of the isolates tested were sensitive. Both A1 and A2 mating type isolate were isolated in 2002∼2003. However, all isolates collected in 2001 were A1 mating type. About 87.5％ of the isolates collected in 2002, 89.8％ In 2003 were determined as A1 mating type. The majority of the p. infestans isolates were A1 mating types. Changes of control efficacy of metalaxyl to potato late blight might be caused by the occurrence rate of moderately resistant isolates within A1 mating type.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2009

In this study, we characterized the bacterial strain KJ2C12 in relation with its biocontrol activity against Phytophthora capsici on pepper, and identified this strain using morphological, physiological, biochemical, fatty acid methyl ester, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Strain KJ2C12 significantly (P=0.05) reduced both final disease severity and areas under the disease progress curves of 5-week-old pepper plants inoculated with P. capsici compared to buffer-treated controls. As for the production of antibiotics, biofilms, biosurfactant, extracellular enzyme, HCN, and swarming activity, strain KJ2C12 produced an extracellular enzyme with protease activity, but no other productions or swarming activity. However, Escherichia coli produced weak biofilm only. Strain KJ2C12 could colonize pepper roots more effectively in a gnotobiotic system using sterile quartz sand compared to E. coli over 4 weeks after treatments. However, no bacterial populations were detected in 10 mM $MgSO_4$ buffer-treated controls. Strain KJ2C12 produced significantly higher microbial activity than the $MgSO_4$-treated control or E. coli over 4 weeks after treatments. Bacterial strain KJ2C12 was identified as Bacillus luciferensis based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics as well as FAME and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. In addition, these results suggested that B. luciferensis strain KJ2C12 could reduce Phytophthora blight of pepper by protecting infection courts through enhanced effective root colonization with protease production and an increase of soil microbial activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.208-216
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• 2010

Fusarium verticillioides is an important pathogen of maize, being responsible for ear rots, stalk rots, and seedling blight worldwide. During the past decade, F. verticillioides has caused several severe epidemics of maize seedling blight in many areas of China, which lead to significant losses. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating fungal development and pathogenicity in this pathogen, we isolated and characterized the gene fpk1 (GenBank Accession No. EF405959) encoding a homolog of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, which included a 1,854-bp DNA sequence from ATG to TAA, with a 1,680-bp coding region, and three introns (lengths: 66 bp, 54 bp, and 54 bp), and the predicated protein precursor had 559 aa. The mutant ${\Delta}fpk1$, which was disrupted of the fpkl gene, showed reduced vegetative growth, fewer and shorter aerial mycelia, strongly impaired conidiation, and reduced spore germination rate. After germinating, the fresh hypha was stubby and lacking of branch. When inoculated in susceptible maize varieties, the infection of the mutant ${\Delta}fpk1$ was delayed and the infection efficiency was reduced compared with that of the wild-type strain. AU this indicated that gene fpk1 participated in hyphal growth, conidiophore production, spore germination, and virulence in F. verticillioides.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.269-285
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• 2018

Bacterial leaf blight is a major disease of eucalypt, especially under nursery conditions. Different bacterial species have been associated with the disease in several countries, and despite its importance worldwide, it is not clear to date whether similar disease symptoms are caused by the same or by different etiological agents. In this study, 43 bacterial strains were isolated from blighted eucalypt leaves collected in different geographic areas of Brazil and inoculated onto a susceptible eucalypt clone. Polyphasic taxonomy, including morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and pathogenicity tests showed that only certain strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis caused symptoms of the disease. Strains varied in their aggressiveness, but no correlation with geographic origin was observed. MLSA-based phylogenetic analysis using concatenated dnaK, fyuA, gyrB and rpoD gene sequences allocated the strains in a well-defined clade, corresponding to Rademarker's group RG 9.6. Inoculation of nineteen plant species belonging to seven botanical families with representative strain LPF 602 showed it to be pathogenic only on Eucalyptus spp, and Corymbia spp. Based on distinct biochemical and pathogenic characteristics that differentiate the eucalypt strains from other pathovars of the X. axonopodis species, here we propose their allocation into the new pathovar X. axonopodis pv. eucalyptorum pv. nov.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

Exserohilum turcicum is a fungus that causes northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and has deleterious effects on maize production globally. Therefore, it is prudent to mitigate the effects of NCLB using genetic diversity. The objective of this research was to assess the severity of NCLB disease on the growth and yield of various maize genotypes. A randomized complete block design field experiment, replicated three times, was conducted to evaluate the effect of E. turcicum on 10 maize hybrids. Percent disease index, plant height, and leaf area were recorded at the silk stage. Cob weight, grain fresh weight, and grain yields were determined at harvest maturity. All measured parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) between the maize hybrids. Of the 10 genotypes, four (PAN 4R-528R, PAN 4R-728BR, PAN 3R-724BR, and P1788BR) were susceptible, five (DKC74-74BR, PAN 5R-582R, PAN 5R-890R, PAN 5R-854R, and PAN 5R-590R) were moderately susceptible, and one (DKC80-40BR) was moderately resistant. DKC80-40BR exhibited greater cob weight, while DKC74-74BR was superior in all other plant growth and yield components. Interestingly, although not significant (P>0.05) and high, maize growth and yield parameters had negative correlations with disease incidence, except for grain fresh weight. Therefore, DKC80-40BR may be selected for cultivation in areas prone to NCLB to reduce maize susceptibility to the disease, while DKC74-74BR may improve crop performance. These hybrids could be considered as potential sources of resistance or tolerance to NCLB for further validation by plant breeders.