• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 1996

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of dry ice expanded tobacco (DIET) blending ratio on the physical properties of cigarettes. Vnencapsulated pressure drop (UPD) of the cigarette decreased from 85 mmWG to 78 mWG when the DIET blending ratio increased from 0% to 60%, but it increased in the range of over 60% blending ratio. But the overall UPD/EPD ratio of these cigarettes showed a decreasing tendency. Cigarette ventilation rate increased from 55% to 66% with the increased blending ratio of expanded tobacco and loose ends also showed the same tendency. The higher the blending ratio of expanded tobacco, the faster became the static burning time from 7' 34" to 5' 02". However, the cigarette hardness was almost not affected by the blending ratio.ing ratio.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

This paper was made to evaluate the effect of the blending ration of GCC and No. 1 clay on the printability by investigating the structure of pore such as the pore rate, the number of pores, pore size and distribution of coated paper. The coated structure is mainly depended on the results of correlation between pigment and binder. It means that the structure of the pore occurred is chiefly affected by the blending ratio of GCC and No. 1 clay. This physical properties of the pore have a close relation with ink set-off associated with the drying rate and the penetration in ink into base paper and with printing gloss. Therefore it was needed to find out how the pore structure and the printability will be changed by modifying the blending ratio of GCC and No. 1 clay to vary the pore structure of coated paper. Below are the results of measurement: As the blending ratio of clay going up, water retention, sedimentation volume. smoothness, and paper gloss were increased, but relatively brightness and opacity were decreased. Pore rate was the highest at the blending ratio of No. 1 clay to GCC, 70:30. In this case, average pore radius was also increased. Ink receptivity and K&N ink receptivity were improved with the increase of the blending ratio of GCC, where was, ink setting was vice versa. No difference was observed in the weight of ink, but ink repellance decrease with the decrease of blending ratio of GCC.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2005

Mechanical properties and hand evaluation of wool/acrylic(W/A) blend knits were conducted before and after repeated washing to get the optimum W/A blending ratio, which could help achieve the optimum mechanical and hand properties of the knits. The five test fabrics using the yarns with different W/A blending ratios($\%$), 100/0, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, 0/100, were knitted. The fabrics were washed by a rotating drum type washing machine. Then, objective mechanical and hand properties were evaluated by KES-FB, Kawabata evalution system for fabric. The results are as follows: there was no change in the hand value of the knitted fabric with the W/A-blended yarn caused by the change in the blending ratio before washing. After washing, however, the increase of acrylic's blending rate caused the bending property to decrease proportionally, while the friction coefficient of the surface property increased. Furthermore, the study showed that W/A 50/50 possesses the most superior tensile property and shearing property, which could attain the optimum blending ratio. Similar results in hand value were derived in all the samples. After washing, however, the increase in acrylic's blending rate caused a proportional decrease in KOSHI and an increase in FUKURAMI. In addition, W/A 50/50 gained the biggest NUMERI value, again corresponding to the optimum blending ratio. Similar results in total hand value were derived in all the samples before washing. After washing, though, all the total hand values decreased, and, as the wool fabric's blending rate increased, the total hand values proportionally decreased further.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.413-426
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• 2011

This research was designed to compare the subjective evaluation of texture image and preference according to fiber blending ratio of men's suit fabrics. 110 subjects evaluated the texture image and preference of various fabrics. For statistical analysis, factor analysis, MDS, pearson correlation and ANOVA were used. The results were as follows: Sensory image factors of suit fabrics were 'smoothness', 'bulkiness', 'stiffness', 'elasticity', 'moistness' and 'weight sensation'. Sensibility image factors were 'classic', 'practical', 'characteristic' and 'sophisticated'. 'Bulkiness' and 'elasticity' sensory images showed high correlations with sensibility images. Fabrics with high wool blending ratio showed as 'classic' and 'sophisticated', 'bulkiness' and 'elasticity' texture images and fabrics with low wool blending ratio showed texture images of 'characteristic', 'surface character', 'stiffness', 'moistness' and 'weight sensation'. Wool fiber blending ratio affected on the purchase preference and tactile preference. Using regression analysis, it was shown that sensibility images had more of an effect on preference than sensory images. The thickness and pattern type showed positive effects and fiber blending ratio showed negative effects on the preference.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2011

Lean combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a ethanol fueled spark-ignited engine according to ethanol-gasoline fuel blending ratio were investigated. The test engine was $1591cm^3$ and 10.5 of compression ratio SI engine with 4 cylinders. In addition, lambda sensor system was connected with universal ECU to control the lambda value which is varied from 1.0 to 1.5. The engine performance and lean combustion characteristics such as brake torque, cylinder pressure and rate of heat release were investigated according to ethanol-gasoline fuel blending ratio. Furthermore, the exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) were measured by emission analyzers. The results showed that the brake torque, cylinder pressure and the stability of engine operation were increased as ethanol blending ratio is increased. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was increased in higher ethanol blending ratio while brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) was decreased in higher ethanol blending ratio. The exhaust emissions were decreased as ethanol blending ratio is increased under overall experimental conditions, however, some specific exhaust emission characteristics were mainly influenced by lambda value and ethanol-gasoline fuel blending ratio.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.339-342
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• 2005

In this paper, a hand-operating method (tiled test method) of the wool-blending sample is made out, and make use of the method, the test of wool-blending bundle in different blending ratio is accomplished. According to the test data, the synthesis method of the stretch curve is worked out and the synthesis software for the typical stretch curve of wool-blending bundle is designed. Through laboratory hand-operating method, the blending fasciculus applying to fiber bundle test can be obtained in a short time. Calculation for sampling is accomplished in the article. We bring up 9 new signs to describe the characteristics of the curve behind peak for the first time: elongation behind peak (HE), elongation percentage behind peak (HEP), relative elongation rate behind peak (RHE), total break work $(W_a)$, break work behind peak (HW), break work coefficient behind peak (HWC), elongation percentage of half-load behind peak (HEL), load percentage of half-elongation behind peak (HLE), break efficiency behind peak (HEC).

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2018

With the significant increase in spent ion-exchange resin generation, to meet the requirements of Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) of the Wolsong disposal facility in Korea, blending is considered as a method for enhancing disposal options for intermediate level waste from nuclear reactors. A mass balance formula approach was used to enable blending process with an appropriate mixing ratio. As a result, it is estimated around 44.3% of high activity spent resins can be blended with the overall volume of low activity spent resins at a 1:7.18 conservative blending ratio. In contrast, the reduction of high activity spent resins is considered a positive solution in reducing the amount of spent resins stored. In an economic study, the blending process has been proven to lower the disposal cost by 10% compared to current APR1400 treatment. Prior to commencing use of this blending method in Korea, coordinated discussion, and safety and health assessment should be undertaken to investigate the feasibility of fitting this blending method to national policy as a means of waste predisposal processing and management in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2000

This study was carried out to predict blending ratio of cut tobacco(CT), expanded stem(ES), and expanded cut tobacco(ECT) in cigarettes. CT, ES, and ECT samples from A brand were, ground and blended with reference to A blending ratio, and scanned by near infrared spectroscopy(NIRSystem Co., Model 6500). Calibration equations were developed and then determined blending ratio by NIRS. The standard error of calibration(SEC) and performance(SEP) of C factory samples between NIRS and known blending ratio were 0.97%, 1.93% for CT, 0.50%, 1.12 % for ES and 0.68%, 1.10% for ECT, respectively. The SEP of CT, ES and ECT of Band D factory samples determined by C factory calibration equation were more inaccurate than those of C factory samples determined by C factory calibration equations. These results were caused by the difference of CT, ES and ECT spectra followed by each factory. The SEP of CT, ES and ECT of Band D factories determined by calibration equations derived from each factory samples were more accurate than those of determined by calibration equation derived from C factory samples. Each factory SEP of CT, ES and ECT determined by calibration equation derived from all calibration samples(B+C+D factory) was similar to that determined by calibration equation derived from each factory samples. To improve the analytical inaccuracy caused by spectra difference, we need to apply a specific calibration equation for each factory sample. Data in development of specific calibrations between sample and NIRS spectra might supply a method for rapid determination of blending ratio of CT, ES, and ECT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2019

In this study, to investigate the effect of physical and chemical properties of butanol on the engine performance and combustion characteristics, the coefficient of variations of IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure) and fuel conversion efficiency were obtained by measuring the combustion pressure and the fuel consumption quantity according to the engine load and the mixing ratio of diesel oil and butanol. In addition, the combustion pressure was analyzed to obtain the pressure increasing rate and heat release rate, and then the combustion temperature was calculated using a single zone combustion model. The experimental and analysis results of butanol blending oil were compared with the those of diesel oil under the similar operation conditions to determine the performance of the engine and combustion characteristics. As a result, the combustion stabilities of D.O. and butanol blending oil were good in this experimental range, and the indicated fuel conversion efficiency of butanol blending oil was slightly higher at low load but that of D.O. was higher above medium load. The premixed combustion period of D.O. was almost constant regardless of the load. As the load was lower and the butanol blending ratio was higher, the premixed combustion period of butanol blending oil was longer and the premixed combustion period was almost constant at high load regardless of butanol blending ratio. The average heat release rate was higher with increasing loads; especially as butanol blending ratio was increased at high load, the average heat release rate of butanol blending oil was higher than that of D.O. In addition, the calculated maximum. combustion temperature of butanol blending oil was higher than that of D.O. at all loads.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 1972

As a series of tile studies of EPDM-Polymer blends, tile experiment are concentrated to the investigation of the physical properties of tile EPDM-NR-SBR blends. The results are shown as follows: 1. In blending, tensile strength decreased with increase in EPDM contents, especially the ratio of EPDM/NR-SBR is 75/25. 2. Elongation and tear strength were much influenced by blending, especially the ratio of EPDM/NR-SBR is 50/50. 3. Ozone resistance is much improved after blending. It was effective more than tile ratio of EPDM/NR-SBR is 25/75. 4. Aging resistance is much improved after blending. It was effective more than the ratio of EPDM/NR-SBR is 50/50. 5. Hardness increased with increase in EPDM contents and on the other hand, abrasion resistance decreased.