• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

This study was to evaluate the effects of oral health education conducted on air force personnel according to the use of disclosing solution. They were divided into 3 groups: Group A: oral health education was not conducted, Group B: oral health education was conducted without using disclosing solution, and Group C: oral health education was conducted using disclosing solution. The subjects who had not participated in the education at least once were excluded, and the remaining 83 subjects received oral health education four times and one time each week. The probing depth, plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing were measured one week before the implementation of the first oral health education and one week after the implementation of the fourth oral health education. The results of verifying the homogeneity of the clinical indices before the oral health education showed statistically significant differences in bleeding on probing among the three groups. The results of comparing the clinical indices among the three groups after the oral health education exhibited statistically significant differences in the plaque and gingival indices among the three groups. Groups B and C showed lower values than Group A. The comparison of the clinical indices before and after the oral health education showed statistically significant improvements in all clinical indices after the education in Group C. The results suggested that the oral health education using disclosing solution could maximize that visual effects and encourage self-motivation, consequently improve the oral hygiene of the patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of metronidazole 25% dental gel that was applied to periodontal pockets who have moderate to advanced chronic adult periodontitis were selected for this study. The quadrants that had 2 or 3teeth with 5-8mm probing pocket depth were selected and divided into test side and control side according to the split-mouth design. The metronidazole 25% dental gel applied on test side and 0.12% chlorhexidine solution applicated on positive control side, normal saline irrigation into periodontal pocket was applicated to negative control side respectively. Above procedures followed scaling and root planing at baseline(0week). The subgingival sterile saline irrigation and chlorhexidine irrigation were done for about 30 seconds respectively. The metronidazole 25% dental gel was applied to periodontal pocket at 0,1 week in the test side. The clinical and microbiological analysis carried out at baseline(0week) and 4,8 weeks. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth were significantly reduced in the test group. The relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced to negative control group and the proportion of cocci was correspondingly increased in the test group. 2. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth were significantly reduced in metronidazole group. and, there was a significant differences between 2 groups. Also, the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were reduced in both group. And, there was a significant differences between 2 groups. In conclusion, application of metronidazole 25% dental gel as an adjunct to mechanical debridement of root surfaces may improved the clinical and microbiological status of periodontal disease sites.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical findings and patient satisfaction on implant overdenture designed with Locator implant attachment or Locator bar attachment in mandibular edentulous patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Implant survival rate, marginal bone loss, probing depth, peri-implant inflammation, bleeding, plaque, calculus, complications, and satisfaction were evaluated on sixteen patients who were treated with mandibular overdenture and have used it for at least 1 year (Locator implant attachment: n=8, Locator bar attachment: n=8). RESULTS. Marginal bone loss, probing depth, plaque index of the Locator bar attachment group were significantly lower than the Locator implant attachment group (P<.05). There was no significant difference on bleeding, peri-implant inflammation, and patient satisfaction between the two denture types (P>.05). The replacement of the attachment components was the most common complication in both groups. Although there was no correlation between marginal bone loss and plaque index, a significant correlation was found between marginal bone loss and probing depth. CONCLUSION. The Locator bar attachment group indicates lesser marginal bone loss and need for maintenance, as compared with the Locator implant attachment group. This may be due to the splinting effect among implants rather than the types of Locator attachment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.170-182
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of minocycline-loaded polycaprolactone strip on periodontal disease. Ten patients with probing depth (deeper than 5mm) were tested. Of the two periodontal pockets selected from each patient, one randomly selected pocket was treated by the insertion of 30% minocycline-loaded polycaprolactone sttip as the experimental group and the other with a minocycline-free polycaprolactone strip as the control group. All groups were examined by clinical and microbiological methods. 1. Plaque index scores, gingival index scores and sulcular bleeding index scores in both group were significantly reduced from the baseline to 2 weeks. Plaque index scores of experimental group and sulcular bleeding index scores of control group tended to be progressively reduced in all experimental periods. 2. Probing depth amounts in both group were significantly reduced from 4 weeks to 8 weeks. 3. Attachment loss amounts in both group shows no singnificant differences in time. Attachment loss amounts in experimental group tended to be less than those in control group. 4. The number of cocci in both groups were significantly increased in all experimental periods, but that of the non-motile rods were significantly reduced from 2 weeks in experimental group, and from 4 weeks in control group, that of the motile rods were reduced from 4 weeks in experimental group and from 1 week in control group. The number of spirochetes were reduced from I week during all experimental period in experimental group, but there was no changes in control group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Allantoin, Hinokitiol, Cetylpyridinium chloride containing gel($Dentheth^{(R)}$) on periodontitis. 41 patients with sites having pocket depth of 4-6mm were selected for the study. We classified 2 groups which consisted of 21 patients in the test group(exp.) and 20 patients in the control(placebo) respectively. Following a baseline examination, plaque and calculus were removed and then the experimental gel were handed out to the patients and topical application regimens were initiated. During the 4-week experimental period, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index, plaque index as a clinical parameters were measured in the baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. A questionnaire was delivered to each patients in 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. The results were as follows : 1. Probing pocket depth showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 2. The Exp. group showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in bleeding on probing(p<0.05). 3. The gingival index showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after 4 weeks use of a gel(p<0.05). 4. The plaque index showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 5. A questionnaire was consisted of 5 kinds as to bleeding, pus discharge, pain, burning sensation, patient's satisfaction and all of the questions showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 6. During the 4-week experimental period, important side-effects were not finded out, but each groups had one patient appealed nausea or discomfort respectively. These results indicate that application of periodontitis medical gel was useful as an additional aid of mechanical treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.445-453
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• 2021

Objectives: Periodontitis is the most common chronic disease that causes tooth loss and is related to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An objective indicator of the current activity of periodontitis is necessary. Soluble forms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) are markers that reflect the status of inflammatory diseases. In this study, the relationship between sRAGE and periodontitis was analyzed to determine whether it can be used to diagnose the current state of periodontitis. Patients and Methods: Eighty-four patients without any systemic diseases were diagnosed with periodontitis using three classifications of periodontitis. Demographics and oral examination data such as plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) index, and probing pocket depth (PPD) were analyzed according to each classification. In addition, correlation and partial correlation between sRAGE and the values indicating periodontitis were analyzed. Results: In each classification, the level of sRAGE tended to decrease if periodontitis was present or severe, but this change was not statistically significant. sRAGE and periodontitis-related variables exhibited a weak correlation, among which the BOP index showed a relatively strong negative correlation (ρ=-0.20). Based on this, on analyzing the correlation between the BOP index and sRAGE in the group with more severe periodontitis (PPD≥5 mm group, severe group of AAP/CDC [American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], periodontitis group of López), the correlation further increased (ρ=-0.23, -0.40, -0.50). Partial correlation analysis of the sRAGE and BOP index showed a stronger negative correlation (ρ=-0.36, -0.55, -0.45). Conclusion: sRAGE demonstrated a tendency to decrease upon increased severity of periodontitis according to the classifications used. Above all, the correlation with the BOP index, which reflects the current state of periodontitis, was higher in the group with severe periodontitis. This indicates that the current status of periodontitis can be diagnosed through sRAGE.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

Purpose: Developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1) plays a role in regulating neutrophil migration within the periodontium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of DEL-1 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), as well as the number of neutrophils in patients with periodontitis. Methods: Forty systemically healthy, non-smoking periodontitis patients participated in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters, including the plaque index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, modified sulcular bleeding index, and marginal bone level, were measured. Levels of DEL-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in unstimulated saliva samples, as well as DEL-1 in the GCF of 3 teeth from each participant, were assessed. Neutrophil counts in oral rinse and GCF samples were recorded. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the correlation between protein levels, clinical parameters, and neutrophil quantities. Participants were divided into 2 age groups (those under 50 years and those 50 years or older) in order to investigate potential age-related differences. Results: DEL-1 levels in the GCF showed a negative relationship with PPD (sum). Neutrophils in oral rinse samples were positively correlated with PPD, IL-8, and IL-1β levels. Neutrophils in GCF exhibited a positive correlation with PPD (sum). Salivary DEL-1 levels showed correlations with IL-8 and IL-1β, but not with the clinical parameters of periodontitis. Conclusions: The negative relationship observed between PPD and GCF DEL-1 levels is consistent with the proposed protective role of DEL-1.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.371-387
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• 1999

The present study was performed to assess and compare the clinical and microbiological effects following local application of 2% minocycline gel or 0.1% chlorhexidine subgingival irrigation to augment scaling and root planing in patients with moderate to advanced chronic adult periodontitis. 32 healthy patients with moderate to advanced chronic adult periodontitis were enrolled in the study. In each patient, the quadrants that had 2 or more teeth with $5{\sim}8mm$ probing pocket depth and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss were selected and divided into test side and control side according to the split-mouth design. All patients received standardized oral hygiene instructions at the beginning of the study and all remaining teeth received scaling and root planing until 0 week. The 2% minocycline gel was applied to periodontal pocket at 0, 1, 2, 3 week in the test side. The 0.1% chlorhexidine solution and the normal saline were irrigated subgingivally for about 30 seconds in the positive control side and negative control side respectively. The clinical and microbiological analysis carried out at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks . The results of this study were as follows; 1. In saline irrigation group, there was no adjunctive effects in probing pocket depth reduction, sulcular bleeding index and no significant changes in relative proportions of subgingival bacteria. 2. The chlorhexidine irrigation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing results in reduction in the plaque index and sulcular bleeding index, but there was not statistically significant. The relative proportion of spirochetes was significantly reduced, but the proportion of motile rods was no significant reduction. 3. The minocycline gel delivered subgingivally as an adjunct to scaling and root planing provide significant benefit in reducing probing depths and sulcular bleeding index compared to saline and chlorhexidine irrigation groups. 4. The relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced and the proportions of cocci and non-motile bacteria were correspondingly increased in the minocycline gel group. In conclusion, minocycline gel delivered subgingivally as an adjunct to scaling and root planing induces clinical and microbial responses more favorable for periodontal health than saline and chlorhexidine subgingival irrigation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. The aim of the present clinical study was to explore the adjunctive effect of ozonized water irrigation in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers for the full-mouth decontamination of patients with periodontitis Stage I or II. Methods: The study was a randomized, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial. The test group (n=25) was treated with ultrasonic scalers irrigated with ozonized water, whereas the control group (n=25) received normal tap water irrigation within the ultrasonic scalers used during the professional mechanical debridement. Full mouth plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth, and the gingival index were evaluated at baseline, two, and 4 weeks after treatment. The pain perceived and dental anxiety were also assessed after treatment by means of the visual analog scale (VAS). Results: All periodontal parameters resulted in significant improvement for both study groups. The effect of the treatment group on the gingival index was significant, in particular, patients in the test group experienced a greater reduction in this score. No significant differences could be observed with regards to the average probing depth, full mouth plaque index and bleeding score. Patients treated with ozonized water running in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers displayed also lower scores for pain and dental anxiety. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant clinical effect on gingival inflammation attributable to adjunctive ozone irrigation during nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Further studies, including patients with severe periodontitis and greater sample sizes, are recommended to test the clinical effect of ozonized water in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy of treating periodontitis using subgingival nano-hydroxyapatite powder with an air abrasion device (NHAPA) combined with scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: A total of 28 patients with stage III periodontitis (grade B) were included in this study, although 1 was lost during follow-up and 3 used antibiotics. The patients were divided into a test group and a control group. All patients first received whole-mouth SRP using hand instruments, and a split-mouth approach was used for the second treatment. In the test group, the teeth were treated with NHAPA for 15 seconds at 70% power per pocket. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the 2 deepest pockets at the test and control sites before treatment (baseline) and 3 months after treatment. The full-mouth plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and at 1- and 3-month post-treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the colonisation of Treponema denticola (Td), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival plaque. Results: From baseline to the first month, the test group showed significantly larger changes in BOP and CAL (43.705%±27.495% and 1.160±0.747 mm, respectively) than the control group (36.311%±27.599% and 0.947±0.635 mm, respectively). Periodontal parameters had improved in both groups at 3 months. The reductions of PI, GI, BOP, PD, and CAL in the test group at 3 months were greater and statistically significant. The total bacterial count and Td and Pg species had decreased significantly by the third month in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Applying NHAPA in addition to SRP improves clinical periodontal parameters more than SRP alone. Subgingival NHAPA may encourage clot adhesion to tooth surfaces by increasing surface wettability.