• 과학교육연구지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 은염 물질인 Slavich PFG-01을 사용하여 투과형 홀로그래피 회절격자를 제작하고, 고효율의 회절격자 제작을 위한 현상액의 조성 등과 같은 화학적 처리 과정의 조건들을 파악하고, 반전표백과 무정착 은염 재생성 표백에 의한 회절격자의 회절 효율 특성에 대해 알아보았다. 현상액 AAC를 사용하여 반전표백에서 89.0%과 무정착 은염 재생성 표백에서 82.1%의 최대회절효율을 얻었으며, 무정착 은염 재생성 표백의 경우는 반전표백에 비해 높은 노출에너지가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 기존의 홀로그래피 기록물질인 Agfa 8E75HD나 BB-640로 보고된 회절효율에 비해 더 높은 회절효율 얻을 수 있었으며, 기록물질 특성 차이로 인해 더 높은 노출에너지가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 한 가지 현상 주약으로 이루어진 현상액에 비해 두가지 현상 주약을 혼합한 경우 더 높은 회절효율을 얻을 수 있었으며, 대체로 반전표백에 비해 무정착 은염 재생성 표백에서 높은 회절효율을 나타내었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2011

We investigate the resistance of Cryptosporidium (C.) parvum oocysts to commercial bleach treatment. The viability and infectivity of C. parvum oocysts suspended in 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.3 or 3.2% aqueous commercial bleach for 10, 30, 60, 120 or 180 min at room temperature were assessed by nucleic acid Syto-9 staining, histologic examination of ileum and infectivity to immunosuppressed neonatal C57BL/6N mice. Although the viability was decreased compared with normal oocysts, all oocysts in contact with serially diluted commercial bleach for 180 min were alive by nucleic acid dye Syto-9 staining. And, microscopic examination of ileum sections revealed developmental stages of C. parvum in all mice. The oocyst shedding patterns between mice infected with oocysts contacted with commercial bleach and normal control mice were not significantly different each other. Although commercial bleach is widely used as a bacterial and viral disinfectant, the present findings indicate that it is not an effective disinfectant for C. parvum oocysts under practical conditions. Authors conclude that, therefore, it is undesirable to recommend commercial bleach as a disinfectant for C. parvum oocysts.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2022

Luminol 혹은 Bluestar가 혈액 및 표백제와 반응할 때 ethylenediamine (EDA)이 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 거름종이에 혈액, 염소계 표백제, 산소계 표백제를 묻힌 후 EDA를 첨가한 luminol 혹은 Bluestar로 처리한 후 화학발광의 세기 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 EDA의 농도를 증가시켜도 luminol (혹은 Bluestar)-혈액 반응의 화학발광 세기는 변하지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 EDA의 농도가 증가할수록 luminol (혹은 Bluestar)-염소계 표백제 반응의 화학발광 세기는 감소하였고, luminol (혹은 Bluestar)-산소계 표백제 반응의 화학발광 세기는 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다. 이를 통해 luminol (혹은 Bluestar)로 혈액 검출 시약을 제조할 때 EDA를 첨가할 경우, EDA는 염소계 표백제에 의해 유발되는 위양성 반응을 억제하고 산소계 표백제의 위양성 반응을 유발한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이런 점을 종합해서 판단할때 luminol이나 Bluestar로 혈액을증강할 때 EDA를 첨가하는것은 적절하지 않다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2019

본 연구는 모발 탈색 시 사용되어지는 탈색제 입자에 따른 모발 손상도를 비교하였으며, 주사전자현미경을 사용하여 세 가지의 탈색제 입자크기를 관찰하였다. 탈색제의 주성분은 과황산암모늄과 과황산칼륨이 주성분인 분말형 탈색제로 각 제품 입자크기는 $131{\mu}m$, $72{\mu}m$, $48.8{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 손상도 실험에서 입자가 큰 탈색제보다는 입자가 작은 시술 제품에서 큐티클 층이 일어나거나 박리현상이 거의 일어나지 않았다. 모발의 색상 측정에서 입자 큰 탈색제의 모발시료는 가장 어둡게 나왔으며, 가장 작은 입자의 탈색 결과가 가장 밝게 나왔다. 연구 결과 모발의 손상도 완화에 더 효과적인 탈색제는 작은 입자를 가진 탈색제를 이용하여 시술하고, 탈색 정도에 따라 입자를 선택하는 것이 탈색력은 높이고 손상도를 낮출 수 있다고 사료된다. 이는 탈색제 선택에 대해서 우수한 결과를 만들기 위한 방안이며, 그 결과를 토대로 현장에서 탈색 시술시 모발 손상에 대처할 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.11
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the microhardness, flexural strength, and color stability of bleach-shade resin composites cured with 3 different light-curing units. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 270 samples were fabricated of bleach and A2 shades of 3 commercial resin composites (Point 4, G-aenial Anterior, and Estelite Sigma Quick). Samples (n = 5 for each trial) were cured with Bluephase N, Woodpecker LED.D, and Optilux 501 units and underwent Vickers microhardness and flexural strength tests. The samples were tested after 24 hours of storage in distilled water. Color was assessed using a spectrophotometer immediately after preparation and 24 hours after curing. Data were analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.001). Results: Samples cured with Optilux exhibited the highest and those cured with LED.D exhibited the lowest microhardness (p = 0.023). The bleach shade of Point 4 composite cured with Optilux displayed the highest flexural strength, while the same composite and shade cured with Sigma Quick exhibited the lowest (p ≤ 0.001). The color change after 24 hours was greatest for the bleach shade of G-aenial cured with Bluephase N and least for the A2 shade of Sigma Quick cured with Optilux (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Light curing with polywave light-emitting diode (LED) yielded results between or statistically similar to those of quartz-tungsten-halogen and monowave LED in the microhardness and flexural strength of both A2 and bleach shades of resin composites. However, the brands of light-curing devices showed significant differences in color stability.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.558-563
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• 2001

A new alkalophilic strain of Bacillus pumilus JB¬05 producing bleach-stable and halo-tolerant alkaline protease was isolated from cement industry effluents in Karnataka, India. The effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on protease production by this alkalophilic strain were observed after a 30-h incubation. A high level of alkaline protease activity was obtained in the presence of starch as the carbon and peptone as the nitrogen sources. The partially purified enzyme showed an optimum temperature and pH activity at $58^{\circ}C$ and 10.5, respectively. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF (95.0%) indicating it as a serine protease. It is bleach-stable as it retained 35% original activity in the presence of 10% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide at $30^{\circ}$C after 2 h and is halo-tolerant as it retained 70% original activity in the presence of 2.5 M sodium chloride at $30^{\circ}C$ after 2 h incubation.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

The applicability of arrowroots as materials for paper manufacture was investigated by evaluating the characteristics of arrowroots pulping and pulps, and the surface characteristics of paper made of arrowroots. The results is as follows. The yield of grounded pulp, alkaline pulp, grounded bleach pulp, and alkaline bleach pulp are 98.0%, 37.7%, 84.8%, and 32.5%, respectively. The extraction components in arrowroot's fibers was shown high in 1%-NaOH extraction. The amount of holocellulose and lignin were largely decreased, but a slight decrease was shown in the bleaching processes. Many shivers were shown in the grounded fibers. The amount of shivers was decreased and the single fibers were increased during the process of bleaching. The alkaline pulp and the alkaline bleach pulp showed high in the beating time and freeness than the grounded pulp and grounded bleach pulp. The conditions of sheet surface according to beating time is effected largely by the conditions of original pulp.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

This study has attempted to figure out the effects of the surface heat of perm rods on hair. For this, after forming perm waves, hair damage and its causes have been investigated with a different hair bleach method. If hair was bleached immediately without shampooing after a perm using the heat of rods, great perm waves were formed. However, severe damage was found on the hair because of the heated rods. In addition, when hair was shampooed and dried after the perm, hair bleach was more effective. It has been confirmed that hair was damaged because of high temperature of the surface of the rods. In fact, the heated rods had a direct effect on hair damage. According to these results, it has been confirmed that heat-based perms can accelerate hair damage. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a study on the minimization of the heating of permanent tools.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1085-1092
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• 2002

Changes in laundering habits and the efficacy claims made for oxygen bleach added to detergents necessitate a deeper investigation into the testing of the washing efficacy of detergents and washing process. The effect of the addition of a sodium percarbonate and bleach activator TAED to an enzyme containing detergent on the soil removal and antimicrobial properties were investigated with the measuring of residual H$_2$O$_2$. The addition of sodium percarbonates to enzyme containing detergent lowered the soil removal of EMPA 116 cloth. But sodium percarbonates had greater effects on that of colored stained cloths such as EMPA 115 and artificially soiled with wine and red pepper while they were presoaked at 20$^{\circ}C$ or higher for So minutes or longer. Most of hydrogen peroxide was remained after washing. Over 99.9% of Staphylococcus aureus on the cotton cloth was removed in every washing solutions, but the cloth washed with enzyme containing detergent or detergent with oxygen bleach didn't show the antimicrobial property.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2008

오염물질을 세탁하는 과정에 있어서 보다 효과적으로 오염물질을 제거하고 표백효과를 부여하기 위해서는 기존의 계면활성제만으로는 한계가 있어 추가적으로 표백과정을 거친다. 본 논문에서는 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 표백활성화제인 TAED (tetraacetylethylenediamine)와 신규로 합성한 표백활성화제(OBA, organic bleach activator, decanoyloxyethoxycarbonyloxybenzenesulfonate)를 비교 평가하였다. 합성한 OBA의 안정성을 개선하고자 제오라이트와 폴리옥시에틸렌 글리콜을 사용하여 코팅처리 한 결과 우수한 안정성을 보였다. OBA는 저온($20^{\circ}C$)에서도 우수한 표백효과를 나타냈으며 TAED에 비하여 미생물 분해율이 88%인 물질로 OECD기준(60%) 대비 쉽게 생분해되었다. 세탁과정 중에서 무좀균이나 황색포도상구균에 대해서도 우수한 살균력을 나타내었다.