• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

We investigated the effects of the enzyme treatment of fiber for printability of coated paper. The results could summarized as follows, 1. The samples with enzyme treatment (average 87.8%) have higher ink gloss than the blank (85.6%). Printed density showed same trends with the ink gloss. However, the ${\beta}$-Glucosidase treated sample showed the lowest printed density (2.14 %) due to the lowest thickness of the ink layer, which is influenced by coated weight and surface smoothness. 2. The samples whose base paper was Xylanase and ${\beta}$-Glucosidase treated showed higher surface strength (4.2% and 4.0%, respectively) than the blank while the samples with the Hernicellulase and ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase treatment showed lower surface strength (3.2%and 3.7%, respectively) due to the influence of air permeability. 3. Hemicellulase and ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase treated base paper, which have relatively low air permeability, showed better ink repellence (4.3 and 4.4 %, respectively) than the blank (3.8 %). 4. The blank and the Xylanase treated base paper showed high set-off, which is the last category of printability.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2011

본 연구는 4 종류{Mustard, herb & garlic, nuts, mushroom)의 crust를 제조하여 양등심 스테이크 위에 topping, 조리를 완성한 다음 관능검사를 실시 우수 시료를 선별하는 예비 실험을 하였다. 선별된 시료들을 1. Blank, 2. EC1(MU3), 3. EC2(HG2), 4. EC3(NC2), 5. EC4(MC3)로 명명한 다음, 다시 관능검사를 실시하여 어떠한 재료로 만든 crust가 가장 우수한 선호도를 가졌는지를 찾았다. 종속변수를 종합해 보면 crust를 topping한 4종류 시료가 대조군 Blank 보다 매우 우수한 수치를 나타내어 양등심 스테이크 요리에 crust가 곁들여지는 방법이 매우 효과적임을 말해준다. 그 중에서도 parsley 8g, rosemary 3g, basil 4g, olive oil 50g을 기본 함량으로 하여 빵가루 70% (115.5g)와 마늘 찹 30%(49.5.)를 함께 mixed 하여 제조 한 HG2의 시료가 최우수 crust로 평가 되었다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2015

Suitable analytical procedures for the bulk analysis of ultra-trace amounts of uranium and plutonium have been developed using multi-collector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The quantification and determination of the isotopic ratios of uranium and plutonium in three simulated swipe samples, a swipe blank, and a process blank were performed to validate the analytical performance. The analytical results for the simulated swipe samples were in good agreement with the certified values, based on the measurement quality goals for the analysis of bulk environmental samples recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2010

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. Many pharmaceuticals are not completely removed during wastewater treatment, leading to their presence in wastewater treatment effluents, rivers, lakes, and ground water. Here, we developed analytical methods for monitoring ten pharmaceuticals from surface water by LC/ESI-MS/MS. For sample clean-up and extraction, MCX (mixed cation exchange) and HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were used. The limits of detection (LOD) in distilled water and the blank surface water were in the range of 0.006 - 0.65 and 1.66 - 45.05 pg/mL, respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the distilled water and the blank surface water were in the range of 0.02 - 2.17 and 5.52 - 150.15 pg/mL, respectively. The absolute recoveries for fortified water samples were between 62.1% and 125.4%. Intra-day precision and accuracy for the blank surface water were 2.9% - 24.1% (R.S.D.) and -16.3% - 16.3% (bias), respectively. In surface wastewater near rivers, chlortetracycline and acetylsalicylic acid were detected frequently in the range of 0.017 - 5.404 and 0.029 - 0.269 ng/mL, respectively. Surface water near rivers had higher levels than surface water of domestic treatment plants.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2013

짧은 반감기(3.82일)로 인하여 표준물질이 없어서 $^{226}Ra$ 표준선원을 이용하여 액체섬광계수기(Liquid Scintillation Counter)의 측정효율을 산정한 후 구하는 $^{222}Rn$ 농도 분석의 정도 관리를 위해서 blank(바탕)시료, 중복시료, 원수 채취전과 후의 시료 분석을 수행하였다. 현장 바탕시료는 0.44~6.28 pCi/L, 실험실 바탕시료는 1.66~4.95 pCi/L 값을 보였다. 둘 사이의 상관계수는 0.9691이였으며, 현장시료채취, 시료 이동, 시료 보관 상태에서 다른 오염원은 없었음을 확인하였다. 65개의 원시료와 중복시료의 상관계수는 0.9987을 보였다. 라돈은 불활성 기체이므로 시료를 채취할 때 손실에 의해 지하수 중 라돈 농도에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료되어 증류수를 이용하여 현장 지하수 시료 채취 전과 후로 구분하여 비교분석하였으나 유의한 농도차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

This study was aimed to establish analytical method of Bi to develop a guideline of the bioequivalence test of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB). For this purpose, a simple, specific and sensitive inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) method were developed and validated in human plasma. Various concentrations of bismuth standard solution (0-25ng/mL) were prepared with distilled water and human blank plasma. To 10mL of the volumetric flasks, 2mL of blank plasma was added with 8ml of distilled water. Bi standard solution was added to prepare the calibration samples and injected into ICP-MS. The plasma samples obtained from volunteers given 3 tablets of bismuth (total 900mg as TDB) were analyzed as described above. As a result, the coefficients of variation were <20% in quantitation limit (0.2 ng/mL) and <15% at the rest of concentrations. The stability test by repeated freezing-thawing cycles showed that the samples were stable only for 24hr. The stability tested for samples with a short-term period of storage at room temperature and pre-treatment prior to the analysis showed very stable over 24hr. In 8 healthy Korean subjects received Denol tablets at the dose of 900mg bismuth, AUC, $C_{max},\;T_{max}$ and half-life $(t_{1/2})$ were determined to be $198.33{\pm}173.78 ng{\cdot}hr/mL,\;64.48{\pm}27.06 ng/mL,\;0.52{\pm}0.21 hr,\;and\;5.15{\pm}2.67 hr$, respectively, from the plasma bismuth concentration-time curves. In conclusion, the method was suitable for the determination of bismuth in human plasma samples and could be applied to bioequivalence test of bismuth tablet.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 프탈레이트 화합물 측정 시 시료채취 및 분석과정 증에서 야기될 수 있는 공시료의 오염여부를 평가하고 clean-up 절차와 같은 적절한 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 실험도구 및 시료채취 매체에 대한 공시료를 평가한 결과 많은 종류의 실험기구 및 장치에서 DBP와 DEHP가 잔존하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 실험도구는 반드시 전처리하여 사용해야 하며, 이후 공시료 보정이 수반되어야 한다. 또한 본 연구에서 제시한 clean-up 방법을 통해 불순물이 많이 제거되었으며, GC/MS를 이용한 정성?정량분석에서 정도개선에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1997

We collected airborne complex mixtures in a industrial area of Yeochun, and examined whether these complex mixtures could affect gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in a cultured WBF-344 rat liver epithelial cells (LEC). Since the reduction of GJIC plays an important role in chemical carcinogenesis, measurement of changes of GJIC is a meaningful method to screen carcinogenicity of these mixtures. High and low volume samples were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tested. Blank filter extractions were also examined for exclud-ing possible toxicity of filter itself, and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and DMSO were used as positive and negative control, respectively. When the cells were exposed to samples at concentration below that required to maintain rather than 85% cell viability based on the result of neutral red uptake assay, maximal inhibition of GJIC was observed at 1hr after treatment with both high and low volume samples by scrape-loading dye transfer assay. In fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay, recovery rates via gap junctions were 33%/min in high volume sample and 62%/min in low volume sample. In together, airborne samples collected in Yeochun inhibited GJIC in a cultured WBF-344 rat LEC. These results suggest airborne samples tested in this experiment may attribute to cause a certain type and degree of cancers in in vivo when exposured for some periods.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.72-84
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• 1996

In this study, the formability of laser welded blanks were investigated through tesile test and formability test. Several samples which had the various thickness were joined by laser welding. Mechanical properties of laser welded blank measured from the tensile test are higher than those of the base metal. Fomability is lower than that of the base metal.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

Since the emissions composition from the household products have potentially been associated with health risks for building occupants, the chemical composition emitted from the products should be surveyed. The current study identified the emission composition for 42 liquid household products, using a purge-and-trap method. This evaluation was done by classifying the household products into five product classes (deodorizers, household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Nineteen compounds were chosen on the basis of selection criteria. The quality control program for purge-and-trap and analytical systems included tests of laboratory blank Tenax traps and blank water samples, and the determination of calibration equation, measurement precision, method detection limit (MDL), and recovery. The number of chemicals varied according to the product categories, ranging from 4 for the product category of bleaches to 12 for the product categories of air fresheners and nail color removers. For all product categories, the emission composition and concentrations varied broadly according to product. It is noteworthy that most household products emit limonene: 19 of 25 cleaning products; 5 of 6 deodorizers; 1 of 3 pesticides; 3 of 3 color removers; and 4 of 5 polishes. It was suggested that the use of household products sold in Korea could elevate the formation of secondary toxic pollutants in indoor environments, by the reaction of limonene with ozone, which entered indoor environments or might be generated by indoor sources such as electronic air cleaning devices and copying machines.