• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2016

Objective: The purposes of this study are to survey needs for changing accident investigation from blaming to systems approach and to briefly summarize systems-based accident analysis techniques. Background: In modern complex socio-technical systems, accidents are caused by a variety of contributing factors including human, technical, organizational, social factors, not by just a single violation or error of a specific actor, but accidents investigation used to be focused on the incorrect action of individuals. A new approach investigating causes of accidents as a symptom of a deficient system is required. Method: This study was mainly based on survey of literatures related to accidents, accidents investigation, which included academic journals, newspapers, etc. Results: This study showed that accidents investigation of Korea focusing on blaming is problematic. This was confirmed by two concepts of migration and hindsight bias frequently found in accident causation studies, and an attribute of accidents having varying causes. This was illustrated with an example of Sewol ferry capsizing accident. Representative systems-based accident analysis models including Swiss cheese model, AcciMap, HFACS, FRAM and STAMP were briefly introduced, which can be used in systematic accidents investigations. Finally, this study proposed a procedure for establishing preventive measures of accidents, which was composed of two steps: public inquiry and devising preventive measures. Conclusion: A new approach considering how safety-critical components such as technical and social elements, and their interactions lead to accidents is needed for preventing reoccurrence of similar accidents in complex socio-technical systems. Application: The results would be used as a reference or guideline when the safety relevant governmental organizations investigate accidents.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of moral disengagement (cognitive restructuring and blaming the victim) and self-control on cyberbullying perpetration and investigated if self-control moderated the relationship between moral disengagement (cognitive restructuring and blaming the victim) and cyberbullying perpetration. Participants in the study consisted of 551 middle school students (273 boys and 278 girls) from five middle schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Cyberbullying perpetration, moral disengagement and self-control were measured using the Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire, the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale, and the Self-Control Scale for children and adolescents. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and a hierarchical regression analysis. The moderating effect of self-control was analyzed using procedures proposed by Baron and Kenny (1986). The results indicated that both levels of cognitive restructuring and blaming the victim increased cyberbullying perpetration whereas the level of self-control decreased cyberbullying perpetration. In addition, self-control moderated the effect of cognitive restructuring on cyberbullying perpetration. The influence of cognitive restructuring on cyberbullying perpetration was greater when the level of self-control was low, compared to when it was high.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the type of attitude toward the sexual violence and to analyze the structure of subjectivity about the sexual violence. Q-methodological method was used. The Q concourse for this study was formed through literature review, open question and in-depth interview, 171 Q statements were obtained and finally 33 statements were selected. The subjects for Q classifications were 20 persons. The Quanl PC program was used for analysis. The results of the study were as follows : The first type, blaming offenders consisted of 10 subjects has the recognition that victims must not be blamed ; offenders are responsible for any circumstances ; and sexual violence is an infringement of human rights. the second type, blaming victims consisted of 3 subjects has the recognition that victims carelessness is causal factor of sexual violence. They recognized the sexual violence as an identical concept with sexual intercourse. The third type, blaming social moral consisted of 7 subjects has the recognition that the collapse of social ethics and moral gives rise to sexual violence. They recognized the sexual violence as both sexual intercourse and the infringement of human rights. In conclusion, the result leads to understand the type of attitude toward sexual violence in Korean sociocultural reality. Consequently, the results will be conductive to provide guidelines for nursing intervention and education program for preventing sexual violence.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.85-86
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• 2023

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.160-181
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• 1996

This study measures the subjectivity(opinions, attitudes) of college women. Identifying the schemata (structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the sexual educational program and alternative strategies of sexual harassment. More concretely, those following research questions are focused. 1) The subjective schemata : find out typologies based on the opinions and attitudes toward the sexual harassment. 2) Applications : describe the characteristics of each type. 3) Alternatives : provide suggestion of the alternative strategies for solving the sexual harassment problems of women. Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study of through indepth interviews and a literature review. For the study 34 Q-statements were selected. There were 48 college women as subjects for the research. The 48 college women sorted the 34 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were four categories of special opinion about the sexual harassment in college women. The first type is called Blaming offenders type. This type is to hold offenders accountable. The second type is called Preventive alternative strategies type. This type is to take preventive measures. The third type is called Blaming social structure type. This type is to hold the society as a whole responsible. The fourth type is called Blaming victims type. This type is to hold victims accountable. As a result, We not need to change our perspective of women's health problems and need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering women's problems. Followings are to be suggested of the alternative strategies for solving the sexual harassment problems. Finally, The result of the study will provide us the clue for developing the sexual educational program and alternative strategies for women's sexual harassment problems.

• 한국심리학회지:법
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.309-327
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• 2020

본 연구는 판단자의 강간통념이 피해자와 가해자에 대한 판단에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 살펴보고 이러한 영향이 피해자의 강간 사건 전 일탈 행위 여부에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 세 연구에서 일탈 조건과 비일탈 조건으로 시나리오를 구성하여 참가자들에게 피해자 책임과 가해자 책임, 피해자 고통 수준, 가해자 처벌정도를 평정하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 세 실험에서 모두 강간 사건 전 피해자가 일탈 행동을 보이지 않은 경우(비일탈행동 시나리오 조건)에는 강간통념 수준에 따른 강간 피해자와 가해자에 대한 평가에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 강간 사건 전 피해자가 일탈 행동을 보인 경우(일탈행동 시나리오 조건)에는 강간통념 수준이 높을수록 강간 사건의 책임을 가해자가 아닌 피해자에게서 찾으려는 태도를 보였다. 이는 강간통념 수준이 강간 사건 평가에 미치는 효과가 해당사건의 원인을 피해자에게 귀인하기 용이한 정도에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 보여주는 증거라할 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점이 논의되었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2004

Purpose: A Phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of infertile women who had an unsuccessful in vitro fertilization(IVF) attempt and the structure of these experiences was identified in a socio-cultural context. Method: In-depth interviews were done with five participants from Nov. 1997 to Feb. 1998. Data was recorded and analyzed by Colazzi's method. Result: Significant statements were extracted from the data resulting in 4 themes and 11 concepts. The concepts were: 'lack of information', 'unable to anticipate the outcome', 'reaffirmation of need', 'financial strain', 'emotional suppression', 'change of social relationships', 'physical fatigue', 'blaming oneself or God', 'trying different ways', 'famous place shopping', and 'praying to God'. The significant themes of the participants' experiences with IVF emerged as: "uncertainty", "burden", "blaming" and "vigorous desire". Conclusion: The results indicate that the care of infertile women with an unsuccessful IVF attempt should be based on a deep understanding of their personal experiences. Also, information on alternative choices should be offered and supported.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of adolescents' psychosocial characteristics and parental communication patterns on suicidal ideation. Participants were 520 first- and second- year high-school students in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. Questionnaires included items on suicidal ideation, irrational beliefs, depression, hopelessness, and parental communication patterns. Data were statistically analyzed through a t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS for Win version 12.0. The major results were as follows: 1) Female adolescents had higher levels of irrational beliefs, depression, specific types of communication patterns from the father(placating) and suicidal ideation more than their male counterparts. The male adolescents showed more communication patterns from the father(blaming) than their female counterparts. 2) Depression, irrational beliefs, mothers' communication patterns (blaming), gender and hopelessness were significant predictors of adolescent suicidal ideation. 3) The adolescents' irrational beliefs had a mediating effect on the relationship between their suicidal ideation and dysfunctional parental communication.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.694-703
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• 2016

본 연구는 후방지역 공군 병사의 군 적응에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 N 지역의 병사 160명이었다. 자료는 2015년 11월 16일부터 12월 11일에 수집되었고, 연구 도구는 군 적응, 의사소통, 회복 탄력성, 정신 건강이었다. 연구 결과 대상자의 군 적응 평균 점수는 1.25점, 회복탄력성 평균 점수는 3.69점, 정신적 웰빙의 평균 점수는 2.98점, 정신장애의 평균 점수는 1.24이었다. 일반적인 특성에 따라 나이, 주관적 건강상태 인식, 진로에 대한 생각이 유의하게 나타났다. 특히 병사들의 군 적응을 힘들게 하는 요인으로 상 하 인간관계와 주 상담원은 군내에서 동기가 많았다. 군 적응과 의사소통, 정신 장애는 유의하게 정적 상관관계를 나타내며, 회복 탄력성, 정신적 웰빙은 유의하게 부적 상관관계로 나타났다. 정신 장애와 비난형 의사소통 유형은 군 적응의 설명력 41%로 나타났다. 본 연구는 병사들의 정신 장애와 비난형 의사소통 유형이 군 적응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 정신 장애와 비난형 의사소통 유형 관리에 초점을 둔 프로그램을 개발하고 제공되어야 한다.

• 한국심리학회지:법
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.75-97
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 청소년을 대상으로 한 성범죄 사건 판단이 피해자의 성매매 전력 및 '피해자 다움' 부합 여부, 가해자와 피해자의 관계에 따라 달라지는지 알아보고, 평가자의 권위주의 성격과 강간 통념 수용도가 사건 판단에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 20대부터 50대에 이르는 연구 참여자 총 335명(여성 170명, 남성 165명)의 성별과 연령에 따라 가해자 처벌 및 피해자 비난에 차이가 있는지 알아보고, 성별과 연령이 가해자 처벌 및 피해자 비난에 미치는 영향을 강간 통념 수용도와 권위주의 성격이 매개하는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 청소년 피해자가 '피해자다움'에 부합하는 행동을 보이지 않을 때 피해자를 더 비난하고 가해자가 더 가벼운 처벌을 받아야 한다고 평가하였다. 또한 피해자가 가해자와 아는 사이일 때보다 채팅앱에서 만난 사이일 때 피해자를 더 비난하였다. 남성 연구 참여자들이 여성 연구 참여자들보다 가해자를 비교적 가볍게 처벌하고 피해자를 더 비난하였으며, 권위주의 성격이 강하고 강간 통념 수용도 또한 더 높게 나타났다. 더불어, 연구 참여자의 연령대가 높을수록 피해자를 더 비난하였고, 강간 통념 수용도가 더 높았다. 판단자의 성별이 가해자 처벌 판단에 미치는 영향을 강간 통념 수용도가 매개하였으며, 판단자의 성별과 연령이 강간 통념 수용도 및 권위주의 성격을 거쳐 피해자 비난에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.