• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a novel real-time frame-layer rate control algorithm using sliding window method for low bit rate video coding. The proposed rate control method performs bit allocation at the frame level to minimize the average distortion over an entire sequence as well as variations in distortion between frames. A new frame-layer rate-distortion model is derived, and a non-iterative optimization method is used for low computational complexity. In order to reduce the quality fluctuation, we use a sliding window scheme which does not require the pre-analysis process. Therefore, the proposed algorithm does not produce time delay from encoding, and is suitable for real-time low-complexity video encoder. Experimental results indicate that the proposed control method provides better visual and PSNR performance than the existing TMN8 rate control method.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 효율적으로 Text-To-Speech (TTS) 데이터베이스를 압축하기 위해서 개선된 adaptive multi-rate wideband (AMR-WB) 음성 부호화 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 불필요한 common bit-stream (CBS)을 제거하고, 파라미터의 델타 코딩 방식과 특정 화자에 종속적인 Huffman coding을 접목하여 음질 저하 없이 비트율을 낮추고자 하였다. 또한, 최소한의 음질 손실로 최대의 비트율 개선 효과를 볼 수 있는 손실 압축 방식도 제안하였다. 기존의 12.65 kbit/s AMR-WB 코덱에 CBS 제거를 포함한 무손실 압축 방식을 적용한 결과 음질 저하 없이 최대 12.40%의 비트율 개선 효과를 나타냈다. 또한, 손실 압축방식에서는 20.00% 비트율 개선 시 PBSQ로 0.12 정도의 음질 저하가 발생했다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose efficient peer assignment algorithms for low-latency transmission of scalable coded images in peer-to-peer networks, in which peers may dynamically join and leave the networks. The objective of our algorithm is to minimize the transmission time of a requested image that is scalable coded. When an image is scalable coded in different bit rates, the bit stream encoded in a lower bit rate is a prefix subset of the one encoded in a higher bit rate. Therefore, a peer with the same requested image coded in any bit rate, even when it is different from the requested rate, may work as a supplying peer. As a result, when a scalable coded image is requested, more supplying peers can be found in peer-to-peer networks to help with the transfer. However, the set of supplying peers is not static during transmission, as the peers in this set may leave the network or finish their transmission at different times. The proposed peer assignment algorithms have taken into account the above constraints. In this paper, we first prove the existence of an optimal peer assignment solution for a simple identity permutation function, and then formulate peer assignment with this identity permutation as a mixed-integer programming problem. Next, we discuss how to address the problem of dynamic peer departures during image transmission. Finally, we carry out experiments to evaluate the performance of proposed peer assignment algorithms.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.6-16
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• 2010

Since OFDM system suffers from high peak-to average power ratio(PAPR) drawbacks, more energy has been converted to seek for a new substitutable system which can maintain OFDM system's inherent virtues while avoid its defects. Consequently, a new multicarrier system called as CI/OFDM system has been proposed which applied carrier interferometry(CI) code to OFDM system. Due to its low PAPR advantage and orthogonal property, it has received more and more attention. Simultaneously, an old technique called single carrier(SC) system has retaken its attractions for the same purposes. This paper analyzes two cyclic prefixed transmission schemes variants of OFDM system: 1.carrier interferometry-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (CI/OFDM); 2. Cyclic prefixed single carrie(CP-SC) with frequency domain equalization. We compare the achievable bit rate transmission of the two systems in terms of signal to noise ratio(SNR) by mathematical derivation. We demonstrated that CI/OFDM achieves a bit higher transmission bit rate to that of the CP-SC with frequency domain equalizer.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권3B호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 비트율이 매우 한정된 응용에 적용되는 초저속 동영상 부호화 표준인 H.236plus에 기반한 의미기반 율-제어 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 율-제어 기법들은 의미기반이 아닌 단순히 프레임에 대해 매크로 블록 단위로 최적의 양자화 파라미터를 설정해 정해진 비트율을 조정하나, 본 논문에서는 부호화 효율을 높이기 위해 의미 영역인식 및 우선권 부여를 통해 영역별로 최적의 양자화 파라미터를 설정함으로써 제약된 비트 내에서 주관적인 화질의 향상을 보이는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하고자하는 기법의 핵심은 부호화 시 배경에 해당하는 영역에 배정되는 비트량을 할당해 전경(얼굴) 영역에 비트 자원을 더 많이 배정함으로써 주관적인 화질을 보호, 개선하기 위한 것이다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 저전송률 환경에서 목표 비트량에 맞게 영상을 압축하는 모델 기반 매크로블록 레이어 비트율 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. H.264 비디오 압축 표준은 다양한 압축 모드 및 최적화 방법을 사용하여 압축률을 향상 시키지만 복잡한 인코더 구조는 저전송률 환경에서 정확한 트래픽 제어를 어렵게 한다. 제안된 알고리즘에서는 먼저 한 프레임의 모든 매크로블록에 대한 MAD 값을 예측하고 이를 바탕으로 각 매크로블록 압축 전에 목표 잔여 비트량을 설정한다. 설정된 목표 잔여 비트량과 실제 잔여 비트량의 차이가 임계치보다 크면 두 값의 차이가 감소하도록 양자화 파라미터 값을 조절하여 한 프레임에 대한 결과 비트량이 목표 비트량과 비슷하게 발생되게 한다. 제안하는 알고리즘과 기존 알고리즘간의 비교 실험은 제안하는 알고리즘이 기존 알고리즘에 비해 한 프레임에 대한 목표 비트량과 실제 비트량의 차이를 66% 이상 감소시키고 있으며 동시에 PSNR 성능에서 기존의 알고리즘 보다 우수함을 보여준다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.5080-5097
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• 2017

Channel characteristics-based secret key generation is an effective physical-layer security method. The issues of how to remove the effect of random noise and to balance the key generation rate (KGR) and the bit mismatch rate (BMR) are needed to be addressed. In this paper, to reduce the effect of random noise and extract more secret bits, a new quantization scheme with high key generation rate and low bit mismatch rate is proposed. In our proposed scheme, we try to use all measurements and correct the differences caused by noise at the boundary regions instead of simply dropping them. We evaluate and discuss the improvements of our proposed scheme. The results show that our proposed scheme achieves lower bit mismatch rate as well as remaining high key generation rate.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1132-1140
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• 1996

In video coding systems, an effective rate control method is one of the most improtant issues for the good video quality. This paper presents an adaptive rate control scheme based on the buffer fullness, quantization, and buffer utilization for very low bit rate communication lines, such as 16kbit/s, 24bit/s, and so on. The strategy is implemented on H.263, whichis a vide coding algorithm for narrow band telecommunication channels up to 64kbit/s recommended by ITU-T SG15, to show the effectiveness. The simulation result shows that the suggested rate control scheme has better SNR performance and buffer utilization of source coder than those of linear and non-linear[9] buffer control strategies.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.201-204
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• 2000

In this paper, an A/D converter is implemented to obtain 8bit resolution at a conversion rate of 10Msample/s. This architecture is proposed using the 2-step architecture for high speed conversion rate. It is consisted of sample/hold circuit, low power comparator, voltage reference circuit and DAC of binary weighted capacitor array. Proposed A/D converter is designed using 0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS technology. The SNR is 45.3dB at a sampling rate of 10MHz with 1.95MHz sine input signal. When an 8bit 10Msample/s A/D converter is simulated, the Differential Nonlinearity / Integral Nonlinearity (DNL/ INL) error are ${\pm}$1 / ${\pm}$2 LSB, respectively. The power consumption is 13㎽ at single +2.5V supply voltage.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제15권2E호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1996

New very low bit rate segmentation video image coding technique is proposed by segmenting image into textually homogeneous regions. Regions are classified into one of three perceptually distinct texture classes(perceived constant intensity, smooth texture, and rough texture) using the Human Visual System(HVS) and the fractals. To design very low bit rate video image coder, it is very important to determine the best block size for estimation the fractal dimension and the thresholding of the fractal dimension for each texture class. Good quality reconstructed images are obtained with about 0.10 to 0.21 bit per pixel(bpp) for many different types of imagery.