• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 1997

In recent years, various kinds of organic photoreceptors have been used for copy machines based on electrophotography. Most of them are constructed into layered devices in which a photogeneration layer is separated from a charge transport layer. They are usually used with application of negative charges. Organic pigment have received considerable attention with phthalocyanine, squaraine, and azo compounds being used to construct zerograpgic photoreceptors with enhanced long wavelength sensitivity, residual potential and zerograpgic gain of squaraine photoconductor were measured from the photoinduced discharge curve. Most of synthesized squaraine derivative couldn`t use for CGM(charge generation material), but it knew that a part of one was able to use it within the possibility. A few appliance is used it know about dependence on CTM(charge transport material) of squaraine derivative. It could know that experiment`s result is 2.5-bis(4-N-N`-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole(OXD) is the bestproduct.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 1990

The graft polymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate(HEMA) and vinyltriethoxysilane(VTES) onto styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer(SBS) was carried out in toluene, with radical initiator such as benzoyl peroxide(BPO) and 2, 2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile(AIBIN) under nitrogen atmosphere. The degree of grafting was increased with the increases of the reaction temperature and time. And the effeciency of BPO was superior to that of AIBN. The mechanical properties and molecular weight of graft products were measured and the applicability as adhesive of plasticized PVC leather was examined.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 1994

Bis(diethylamino)aluminum hydride was utilized in a systematic study of the approximate rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of excess reagent with 55 selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups under standardized conditions (THF, $0^{\circ}C$, reagent to compound=4 : 1) in order to define the characteristics of the reagent for selective reductions. The reducing action of BEAH was also compared with that of the parent aluminum hydride. The reducing action of the reagent is quite similar to that of aluminum hydride, but the reducing power is much weaker. Aldehydes and ketones were readily reduced in 1-3 h to the corresponding alcohols. However, unexpectedly, a ready involvement of the double bond in cinnamaldehyde was realized to afford hydrocinnamyl alcohol. The introduction of diethylamino group to the parent aluminum hydride appears not to be appreciably influential in stereoselectivity on the reduction of cyclic ketones. Both p-benzoquinone and anthraquinone utilized 2 equiv of hydride readily without evolution of hydrogen, proceeded cleanly to the 1,4-reduction products. Carboxylic acids and acid chlorides underwent reduction to alcohols slowly, whereas cyclic anhydrides utilized only 2 equiv of hydride slowly to the corresponding hydroxylacids. Especially, benzoic acid with a limiting amount of hydride was reduced to benzaldehyde in a yield of 80%. Esters and lactones were also readily reduced to alcohols. Epoxides examined all reacted slowly to give the ring-opened products. Primary and tertiary amides utilized 1 equiv of hydride fast and further hydride utilization was quite slow. The examination for possibility of achieving a partial reduction to aldehydes was also performed. Among them, benzamide and N,N-dimethylbenzamide gave ca, 90% yields of benzaldehyde. Both the nitriles examined were also slowly reduced to the amines. Unexpectedly, both aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds proved to be relatively reactive to the reagent. On the other hand, azo- and azoxybenzenes were quite inert to BEAH. Cyclohexanone oxime liberated 1 equiv of hydrogen and utilized 1 equiv of hydride for reduction, corresponding to N-hydroxycyclohexylamine. Pyridine ring compounds were also slowly attacked. Disulfides were readily reduced with hydrogen evolution to the thiols, and dimethyl sulfoxide and diphenyl sulfone were also rapidly reduced to the sulfides.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.421.1-421.1
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• 2016

We studied indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) film grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as transparent conductive oxide (TCO). A variety of TCO layer, such as ZnO:Al (AZO), InSnO2(ITO), Zn (O,S) etc, has been grown by various method, such as ALD, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sputtering, laser ablation, sol-gel technique, etc. Among many deposition methods, ALD has various advantages such as uniformity of film thickness, film composition, conformality, and low temperature deposition, as compared with other techniques. In this study, we deposited indium-doped zinc oxide thin films using diethyl[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]indium [Et2InN(TMS)2] as indium precursor, DEZn as zinc precursor and H2O as oxidant for ALD and investigated the optical and electrical properties of IZO films. As an alternative, this liquid In precursor would has several advantages in indium oxide thin-film processes by ALD, especially for low resistance indium oxide thin film and high deposition rate as compared to InCp, InCl3, TMIn precursors etc. We found out that Indium oxide films grown by Et2InN(TMS)2 and H2O precursor show ALD growth mode and ALD growth window. We also found out the different growth rate of Indium oxide as the substrate and investigated the effect of the substrate on Indium oxide growth.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2003

In order to investigate the possibility of PVA particle as toner, PVA/PVAc particle was manufactured. Fine spherical PVAc particle with emulsifier SDS(sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) and initiator V-50(2,2'- azo bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) was manufactured by emulsion polymerization. And then, the PVAc was carried with surface saponification. PVA/PVAc skin core structured particle was obtained under optimum saponification condition. PVA skin side in manufactured PVA/PVAc particles was dyed with 1:2 metal complex type C. I. Acid Yellow 235 and then the dyed PVA particles were observed with a optical microscope. Under given polymerization condition such as SDS concentration, $1.62\times{10}^{-2} \;mol/lH_2O$, V-50 concetration, $3.7\times{10}^{-3}\;mol/lH_2O$ and temperature $50^\circ{C}$ , the high molecular weight of PVAc with Pn 13,900 and PVA with Pn 3,400 was produced. The particle distribution of obtained PVAc microspheres was appeared highly at 60 and $100\mu{m}$, respectively.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2000

GRF (Korean Red Ginseng mixed formula) consists of six herbs such as Ginseng Radix rubra Koreana, Lycii Fructus, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Poria, and Glycyrrhizae Radix and Hoveniae Fructus. For the evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of GRF, the study was performed on protective effect against hepatic damage induced by galactosamine in vitro and ccl4 in vivo and also elucidate antioxidant activity. In vitro assay with 1.1 mM galactosamine, protection (%) was 44% (GR), and 58% (GRF-A) at 50 ug/ml. GRF effectively protected fatty degenertion and necrosis in murine hepatic damage induced by ccl4. For the -antioxidant study, GRF inhibited hemolysis of erythrocyte and decolored DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) free radical in a dose dependent manner more effetively than GR alone in vitro. GRF and GR significantly suppressed the time course $(1\;hr{\sim}6\;hr)-level$ of MDA (malondialdehyde) following AAPH (2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidino -propane) dihydrochloride) treatment in vivo as compared with control data. From the results it can be concluded GR and GRF exerted the hepatoprotective effect by dint of antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2000

계지인삼탕중 고려인삼을 보기조양 효능이 더 강한 고려홍삼으로 바꾼 계지홍삼탕을 시료로 항산화작용과 지구력효과를 비교검토 하였다. 항산화작용중 AAPH에 의한 적혈구 용혈작용은 고려홍삼과 계지홍삼탕이 유효하게 억제되었으나,DPPH에 대한 유리산소 소거율은 BHT보다는 약하였지만 농도의존적으로 유의성 있게 감소되었고, in vivo에서 hAPn처리후 시간경과(1시간, 3시간, 6시간)에 따른 MDA제거율도두 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 시간과 농도에 비례하여 유의하게 감소하였지만 6시간후에는 두 실험군간에 통계적 편차는 없었다. 수영법에 의한 지구력 측정에서는 두 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였지만 시료 투여후 2주에는 고려홍삼이 보다 유효했고, 4주째는 계지홍삼탕이 저농도(25mg/rg)에서만 유효했다. 이상의 결과로 보아 고려삼과계지홍삼탕은 항산화 및 지구력 증진 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되지만 지속적인 보완 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.