• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.247-258
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• 2023

Studying the accretion phenomena provides a window into understanding most heavenly bodies, from the birth of stars to active galactic nuclei (AGN). We would adopt the effect of the radiation pressure, which reduces accretion rates (Ṁ), on the accretion phenomena. The Shakura-Sunyaev α-disk model of disk accretion is a good candidate theory of advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF). Reduction in the angular velocity leads to the suppression the disk luminosity and surface temperature, essentially indicating the transition of the standard accretion disk model from convection dominated accretion flow (CDAF) to ADAF.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2007

Objective: To determine whether the presence of Y-chromosome microdeletion affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program. Methods: Fourteen couples with microdeletion in azoospermic factor (AZF)c region who attempted IVF/ICSI or cryopreserved and thawed embryo transfer cycles were enrolled. All of the men showed severe oligoasthenoteratoazoospermia (OATS) or azoospermia. As a control, 12 couples with OATS or azoospermia and having normal Y-chromosome were included. Both groups were divided into two subgroups by sperm source used in ICSI such as those who underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and those used ejaculate sperm. We retrospectively analyzed our database in respect to the IVF outcomes. The outcome measures were mean number of good quality embryos, fertilization rates, implantation rates, $\beta$-hCG positive rates, early pregnancy loss and live birth rates. Results: Mean number of good quality embryos, implantation rates, $\beta$-hCG positive rates, early pregnancy loss rates and live birth rates were not significantly different between Y-chromosome microdeletion and control groups. But, fertilization rates in the Y-chromosome microdeletion group (61.1%) was significantly lower than that of control group (79.8%, p=0.003). Also, the subgroup underwent TESE and having AZFc microdeletion showed significantly lower fertilization rates (52.9%) than the subgroup underwent TESE and having normal Y-chromosome (79.5%, p=0.008). Otherwise, in the subgroups used ejaculate sperm, fertilization rates were showed tendency toward lower in couples having Y-chromosome microdeletion than couples with normal Y-chromosome. (65.5% versus 79.9%, p=0.082). But, there was no significance statistically. Conclusions: In IVF/ICSI cycles using TESE sperm, presence of V-chromosome microdeletion may adversely affect to fertilization ability of injected sperm. But, in cases of ejaculate sperm available for ICSI, IVF outcome was not affected by presence of Y-chromosome AZFc microdeletion. However, more larger scaled prospective study was needed to support our results.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1997

Problems concerning the vital registration system and its management, errors and methods to adjust them in the vital registration data in Korea have been studied. It is found that birth and death registration rates were above 95% in 1994. The registration rates rose rapidly since 1970 due to 1) simplification of registration form, 2) improving accessibility by allowing registration at the current residence, 3) enforcing fine against non-registration, and 4) improvements in social security system. However, there should be some continuing efforts for further improvement of the vital registration system. The content error in the data could be substantially reduced following the rapid rise of the registration rates in the 1980s, though this has never been actually studied. There are still substantial registrations with false date of death. The false date of events may affect the computed vital rates specially when the registration rates are rapidly rising. Especially the death rates of the young can be seriously affected. A study on the data in the 1970s shows that death of age between 3 to 19 has been over-registered up to 67% compared with the expected. It is a serious matter that some researchers analyze the registration data without adjusting the errors. It is strongly recommended for the Government Statistical Office to undertake a study on the registration behavior of the people.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.170-175
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different sources of $\omega$3 fatty acid in the diet with a similar polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fatty acid ratio and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid ratio as well as excess DHA on the plasma fatty acid composition and cholesterol level of rats. Three experimental diets contained 10% (w/w) dietary lipids. The control diet and one treatment diet were corn oil-based diets with different $\omega$-3 fatty acid sources: perilla (CO) or fish oil (CF), respectively. In order to examine the effect of excess DHA, the other treatment diet (FO) was a fish oil-based diet with corn oil to supply essential fatty acids at the level of 1.8% (w/w) of the diet. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets for 2 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Pups were weaned to the same diet of dams at 21 days of age. Plasma fatty acid compositions and cholesterol contents were analyzed for pups at 3th, 7th and 10th week after birth. Plasma DHA concentrations increased significantly as the level of fish oil supplementation increased. Three-, seven- and ten-week old rats fed on CO diet which contained only $\alpha$-lino1enic acid as a $\omega$-3 fatty acid Source had Plasma DHA levels of 4.85%, 3.15% ana 2.47%, respectively, suggesting that rats at this period of development can convert $\alpha$-linolenic acid to DHA. But the ability to form DHA might be limited, since dietary DHA showed to be more effective in raising the plasma level of DHA. There was a significant negative correlation between DHA and cholesterol concentration of the rat plasma at 7th week (r=0.34, p<0.05) and l0th week after birth (r=036, p<0.05), proving the hypocholesterolemic effect of DHA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.945-949
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• 2012

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a tea known for its high antioxidant content, was supplemented to 30 of 60 ewes for 13 wks to assess its effect on their productive performance. A 2.5% inclusion rate of Yerba Mate (YM) in a pelleted concentrate diet decreased feed intake and live weight (LW) during the first few weeks post partum (p<0.001). Overall, the YM group ate less ($2,092{\pm}78g/d$) pellet than the control (CTRL) one ($2,434{\pm}83g/d$); similarly, LW was lower in the YM group compared to the CTRL one, $64.9{\pm}1.6kg$ and $67.3{\pm}1.4kg$, respectively. Lambs' birth weight and growth rates were not affected. At birth, lambs' LW were similar between the Yerba Mate and control groups ($4.2{\pm}0.5kg$ and $4.1{\pm}0.4kg$, respectively. At the end of the trial, Yerba Mate lambs weighed $15.7{\pm}0.4kg$ while CTRL lambs weighed $16.1{\pm}0.4kg$. Average daily growth rate was similar between the two groups and ranged from $176{\pm}19$ to $234{\pm}24g/d$. The inclusion of Yerba Mate in a pelleted diet increased milk fat, protein and total solids content while it decreased milk lactose content. Further work is required to investigate the mechanisms by which Yerba Mate supplementation affects feed intake and milk composition.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.178-188
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• 2019

Objective: To determine the clinical pregnancy (CP) and live birth (LB) rates arising from frozen embryo transfers (FETs) that had been generated under the influence of in vitro fertilization (IVF) adjuvants given to women categorized as poor-prognosis. Methods: A registered, single-center, retrospective study. A total of 1,119 patients with first FETs cycle include 310 patients with poor prognosis (109 treated with growth hormone [GH], (+)GH group vs. 201 treated with dehydroepiandrosterone, (-)GH group) and 809 patients with good prognosis (as control, (-)Adj (Good) group). Results: The poor-prognosis women were significantly older, with a lower ovarian reserve than the (-)Adj (Good) group, and demonstrated lower chances of CP (p< 0.005) and LB (p< 0.005). After adjusting for confounders, the chances of both CP and LB in the (+)GH group were not significantly different from those in the (-)Adj (Good) group, indicating that the poor-prognosis patients given GH had similar outcomes to those with a good prognosis. Furthermore, the likelihood of LB was significantly higher for poor-prognosis women given GH than for those who did not receive GH (p< 0.028). This was further confirmed in age-matched analyses. Conclusion: The embryos cryopreserved from fresh IVF cycles in which adjuvant GH had been administered to women classified as poor-prognosis showed a significant 2.7-fold higher LB rate in subsequent FET cycles than a matched poor-prognosis group. The women with a poor prognosis who were treated with GH had LB outcomes equivalent to those with a good prognosis. We therefore postulate that GH improves some aspect of oocyte quality that confers improved competency for implantation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate rota virus infection of neonates In the Postpartum care center. Methods : This clinical study was carried out with the 205 neonates who admitted to the Postpartum Care Center of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Oriental Medicine Hospital, from July, 2004 to July, 2005. Stools were examined daily with Rotazyme ELISA tests(Bio Line Rota Virus, SD Standard Diagnostics, INC.) for 3 days from the day of admission. Supplementary test was examined when change was found in stools. Results : Among 205 newborn babies, 58 cases turned out to be positive. The positive rate of rota virus was not significantly related to sex, birth weight, gestation age. But, it was significantly related to delivery method and it was higher in caesarean section group. The manifestation rates of symptoms were 51.7% in Rotazyme positive neonates. In the Rotazyme positive 58 cases, 30 cases(51.7%) had diarrhea, 8 cases had fever(13.8%), 1 case(1.7%) had vomiting. The positive rate of rota virus was higher during from october to march. There were 190 cases(92.2%) of mixed feeding and 15 cases(7.8%) of artificial feeding. There was significance between breast feeding and the positive rate of rota virus. There was no significance between hospital of birth and the rate of positive rotazyme test. Conclusions : A further study of neonates in postpartum care center is necessary as preference of postpartum care center was increased. And the oriental medicine treatment of rota virus IS expected to be effective, so a further study is necessary.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 1997

This study was carried out to establish the techniques for producing the calves of genetically superior Korean Native cattle by transfer of frozen-thawed embryos. The effects of some factors related to embryo recovery following superovulation and pregnancy rate following transfer of frozen-thawed embryos were evaluated. Also calving state was investigated. The results obtained were as follows ; The mean number of total and transferrable embryos recovered per superovulated cow was 8.72 and 4.90, respectively, from a total of 72 superovulations using 34 donor cows. There were no significant differences in the number of total or transferrable embryos recovered per superovulated cow between products of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), years, seasons, and collection numbers. The pregnancy rate was found 44.44% following transfer of frozen-thawed embryos of Korean Native cattle to a total of 180 recipient cows including 82 Angus, 27 Charolais, 62 Hereford and 9 Korean Native cows. The pregnancy rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the transfer of excellent (42.99) and good embryos (40.17%), compared with fair (5.90%) grade embryos. And the pregnancy rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the transfer of embryos of morula stage (43.86%) than blastocyst stage (15.51%). But there were no significant differences in pregnancy rates between natural and induced estrus estrus asynchrony of 1 days, breeds, and parities of recipient cows. The normal calving rate of 80 pregnant cows following transfer of frozen4hawed em-bryos was 87.5% and the other 10 pregnant cows showed abortion during the period from pregnancy diagnosis at 50~60 days to calving. The average gestation length of normally delivered recipients was 288.50 days and the average birth weight of 70 calves born was 24.22 kg. The gestation length was significantly (P<0.05) shorter in the recipients delivering female calves (286.70 days) than males (289.39 days). But there were no significant differences in gestation tength and birth weight of calves born between the recipient breeds.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2017

This study investigated the incidence rate of umbilical hernia (UH) in pig farms and examined the effect of using them as breeding pigs on reproductive traits. The occurrence of UH ranged from 0.1% to 3.0% in pig farms investigated. UH pigs were found in almost all farms except for a single farm in Jeju Island. Spontaneously occurring UH pigs were selected and used for cross breeding tests. UH-related crosses and their progeny showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in gestation period, the numbers of piglets born and alive, and body weights at birth and $21^{st}$ day comparing to those of the control population. UH-related crosses showed longer gestation period, reduced numbers of piglets, and lighter body weights than those from the control population. Interestingly, reduced number of piglets was about one fourth, suggesting that UH inheritance might play a critical role as a lethal gene during embryogenesis. In addition, UH incidence rate in UH-related crosses was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the control except for UH-cross3. However, in the progeny of control cross, a pig also had UH appearance, indicating that porcine UH might be inherited in recessive inheritance mode. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that UH is one of recessively inherited genetic defect that occurs at ordinary times in pig farms, suggesting that the use of UH animals as sire and/or dam may lead to economic losses due to increased gestation period, reduced numbers of piglets born and alive, and lower growth rates after birth of pigs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.11
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• pp.415-421
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• 2020

Cryptorchidism or undescended testis is the single most common genitourinary disease in male neonates. In most cases, the testes will descend spontaneously by 3 months of age. If the testes do not descend by 6 months of age, the probability of spontaneous descent thereafter is low. About 1%-2% of boys older than 6 months have undescended testes after their early postnatal descent. In some cases, a testis vanishes in the abdomen or reascends after birth which was present in the scrotum at birth. An inguinal undescended testis is sometimes mistaken for an inguinal hernia. A surgical specialist referral is recommended if descent does not occur by 6 months, undescended testis is newly diagnosed after 6 months of age, or testicular torsion is suspected. International guidelines do not recommend ultrasonography or other diagnostic imaging because they cannot add diagnostic accuracy or change treatment. Routine hormonal therapy is not recommended for undescended testis due to a lack of evidence. Orchiopexy is recommended between 6 and 18 months at the latest to protect the fertility potential and decrease the risk of malignant changes. Patients with unilateral undescended testis have an infertility rate of up to 10%. This rate is even higher in patients with bilateral undescended testes, with intra-abdominal undescended testis, or who underwent delayed orchiopexy. Patients with undescended testis have a threefold increased risk of testicular cancer later in life compared to the general population. Self-examination after puberty is recommended to facilitate early cancer detection. A timely referral to a surgical specialist and timely surgical correction are the most important factors for decreasing infertility and testicular cancer rates.