• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2005

In order to study about the lobule and layer formation and cell migration of the mouse cerebellum from at the birth to 15th day effected by 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy r-raddiation at the 19th pregnancy. The routine tissue preparation and staining procedure, Immunohistochemical staining method by the several antibody and western brotting method were utilized from the birth to the15th day. The results were as followings. 1. The body and cerebellum weights were more slowly increase of the the 2.5 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group compare to the control group, and the health condition of the 2.5 Gy group was a little bad. but the 10 Gy group was more severe and begun to die from the 12th day after birth. 2. The thickness, proliferation and migration of the 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy irradiated external granular cells from the maginal zone to the medullary area forming the molecular layer from the 6th day to the 15th day after birth were thinner, weaker and more slower according to the radiated dosages than the control group in the cresyl violet staining. 3. The proliteration, migration and lobulation of the 5 Gy radiated groups from the first day to the 15th day after birth were more weak, incomplete and irregular shape in the immunostaining with Dab, Cdk5, P35, calbindin and Zebrin antibody. 4. In the western blotting analysis using the Reelin, Dab, Cdk5 and P35 antibody. The Bands were in the 60 KD, 80 KD, 33 KD and 35 KD, and there were no differences between the control and irradiated groups in the molecular band except the Reelin. 5. As a results, the proliferation and migration of the outer granular and purkinje cells, and lobulation of the cerebellum by the several dosaege of the ${\gamma}$-ray radiation were proportionally incomplete according to dosage.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2016

본 연구는 우리나라 출생아 전수(n=617,867)를 대상으로 산모 연령과 영아 사망과의 관련성을 파악하고자 시행하였다. 연구자료는 인구동태통계자료와 영아사망조사자료를 연계하여 사용하였고, 산모 연령에 따른 영아 사망 위험을 파악해 보기 위해 출생아의 성별과 다태 여부, 출생순위, 저체중아 여부, 선천성기형 여부를 보정한 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 여러 혼란요인을 보정한 분석 결과, 25-29세 산모에 비해 20세 미만 산모(Odds ratio [OR], 5.29, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.51-7.98)와 20-24세 산모(OR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.23-1.69), 35-39세 산모(OR, 1.28, 95% CI, 1.11-1.46), 40세 이상 산모(OR, 1.94, 95% CI, 1.53-2.45)에서 영아 사망 오즈가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 결론적으로, 이번 연구를 통해 35세 이상 고 연령 산모와 25세 미만의 저 연령 산모에서 영아 사망 위험이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 이들에서 영아 사망 위험이 높은 이유는 저체중아나 미숙아의 출산이 많기 때문으로 보인다. 산전관리 시 고령 산모의 경우 생물학적인 문제를 극복할 수 있는 관리정책이 만들어져야 할 것으로 보이고, 저 연령 산모의 경우 사회경제적인 부분과 사회적 편견 문제를 해결할 수 있는 관리정책이 만들어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 1994

This study measured variables influencing the breast feeding patterns of lactating mothers over a 40 day period In 1993 in the Jeonla area. The Methodology used was a questionnaire covering 92 items based on statistical discriminant analysis. The results were as follows : The successful group was measured against the unsuccessful group over a 4month lactation period ; The successful group was measured over a 4month lactation period ; the unsuccessful less than 4month lactation period. Principal factor analysis was used to generate comparative data factors which were ; 1) nonunderstanding of mother's breast feeding, 2) physical and psychological stress, 3) insufficient milk supply, 4) mother's negative acceptance of baby, 5) lack of spousal support, 6) sore nipple and breast pain, 7) baby's negative acceptance, 8) lack of familial support, 9) baby's diarrhea and watery milk. Discriminant statistical analysis of sever factors included ; 1) insufficient milk supply 2) sore nipple and breast pain, 3) pre-natal planning of breast feeding method, 4) mother's occupation 5) breast feeding method of previous infant, 6) nipple type, and 7) infant birth order. This analysis predicted a 78.9% successful breast feeding. Criterion correlation analysis revealed ; D=-1.780+.165$\times$(Fac3)+.135$\times$(Fac6)+.927$\times$(prenatal planning of breast feeding method)+.900$\times$(mother's occupation)+.675$\times$ (breast feeding method of previous infant)+1.0l4$\times$(nipple type)+.378$\times$(infant birth order). We classified the unsuccessful group as more than .63937 and the successful group less than -.82742 of the D value obtained from the above criterion correlation in order to check the success or the non-success of breast feeding mothers. The rate of correct classification of the grouped cases employing a statistical discriminant analysis was significantly improved to 78.9% when these cases were compared with the actual grouped classification.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to compare both the performance of litters derived from two sire genetic origins (SGO), Vienna Blue (VB) and Burgundy Fawn (BF), along successive seasons of birth (SB; winter, spring, summer and autumn), and doe reproductive performance in an organic production system. A total of fifty-eight does consisting of a mixture of crosses of several medium-large size breeds at different parity order (P, 1 = nulliparous; 2 = primiparous; ${\geq}3$ = multiparous) and twelve males (6 VB and 6 BF) were housed indoors at environmental conditions that followed seasonality. An extensive reproductive rhythm was used and kits were weaned at $46{\pm}6$ d of age. Doe reproductive performance and the data of 105 litters (55 from VB and 50 from BF SGO) were recorded throughout the SB. No statistically significant differences related to SGO effect were observed. As regards parity order, multiparous does showed higher live weights (LW) (p<0.05), total born (p<0.01), total born alive (p<0.05) per delivery, and litter weight of born alive (p<0.05), but lower milk output at 21st d than primiparous does (p<0.05). The extensive reproductive rhythm mainly increased litter performance at birth in multiparous does but was not sufficient to permit a complete recovery of body reserves lost during lactation. Autumn SB negatively affected doe LW variation between deliveries. The number of pups born and born alive per delivery (p<0.05) and litter size at 21 d of age and at weaning (p<0.01) were lower during hot SB. Due to the lower litter size of pups born in summer and autumn, their individual weight at 21st d of age and daily individual growth rate 0 to 21 d were higher than those of pups born in winter (p<0.001). Litter performance at 21st d of age and individual pup pre-weaning growth rate were poorer for those born in spring than in other seasons due to the harmful effects of increased environmental temperatures. SB affected most of the performance traits of does and young rabbits reared under the organic farming system. The rabbits seemed better suited to organic rearing conditions during winter than in other seasons. The worst results overall were obtained in the spring SB, whereas the hot SB negatively affected both doe energy balance and prolificacy. In conclusion, the pups of the 2 SGO showed good pre-weaning performance and seemed suited to the organic rabbit production system.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 1985

This study was carried out to learn about the contents of communication between mother and her adolescents in this country, and possible differences in the contents of communication with demographic variables. In particular, I wanted to find out the following; 1)contents of communication between mother and her adolescents. 2)Contents of communication between parents with adolescents. 3)Possible differences in the contents of communication with differences in the level of education, employment status, and age of mother, family income level, and sex, and birth order of children. To test these hypotheses, I distributed questionnaires to 600 mothers of selected high school juniors(11th grade) in Seoul. Four hundred and fourty-eight questionnaires were returned, and the results were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage, and x2-test. The results were as following; 1) In general, mothers communicated well with their adolescents, especially in topics related to studying, friends, school, parents and family, and future career. Communication on sex-education or sex-role, however, was rather limited in contents. ool, parents and family. Communication on sex-education or sex-role of adolescent was almost never attempted. This result showed similarity with 1 above. 3) (1) contents of communication and educational level of mother; contents of communication between mother and her adolescents differed significantly with educational level on all topics except parents and family, indicating that the educational level of mother, the more diverse was contents of communication between mother and her adolescents. (2) Contents of communication and employment status of mother: On all topics except sex-education, communication between mother and her adolescents differed significantly between employed and unemployed mothers, indicating that unemployed mothers communicate on greater number of topics with their adolescents than employed mothers do. (3) contents of communication and family income level; Family income level did not affect contents of communication between mother and her adolescents significantly. (4) contents of communication and age of mother; Age of mother did not affect a contents of communication between mother and her adolescents significantly. (5) contents of communication and sex of adolescent; Thee were significant differences in contents of communication on certain topics; On virginity, sex, marriage, and dating, mother communicate more diversely with daughters than with sons. This result certainly reflects the deep-rooted traditional value system among koreans, with permissive attitude toward males, and far more strict attitude toward females, on sex-related matters. (6) Contents of communication and birth order of adolescents; The birth order of adolescents did not affect contents of communication between mother and her adolescents significantly.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 1988

각 의료기관에서 분만하는 산모와 신생아의 특성을 비교분석하고 의료기관별 산모와 신생아의 위험수준을 조사하여 특정 의료기관에서 관찰한 연구결과를 해석하는데 참고 자료를 제공하기 위하여 대구시내 3개 대학병원, 2개 종합병원,2개 개인의원, 1개 조산소, 그리고 1개 모자보건센터에서 1987년 4월 1일 부터 4월 30일 까지 1개월간(1개 대학병원은 2개월간) 분만한 산모 1,410명을 대상으로 산모의 연령, 교육수준, 의료비 지불방법, 산과력 및 특정의료기관을 선택한 이유를 면담 조사하고 병원기록지에서 신생아의 출생시 체중의 조사하였다. 대학병원과 종합병원을 이용한 산모의 평균 연령은 각각 27.5세, 26.7세로 조산소(25.4세)와 모자보건센터(26.1세)를 이용한 산모보다 많았고, 교육수준은 대학병원(평균 12.7년)과 종합병원(평균 12.2년) 산모가 조산소(평균 9.2년) 및 모자보건센터(평균 9.3년) 산모보다 월등히 높았다. 그리고 의료보험 대상자도 대학병원(78.1%)과 종합병원(82.9%) 산모가 개인의원(44.3%), 조산소(29.1%)나 모자보건센터(5.4%) 보다 많았다. 모자보건센터는 2번째 출산이 47.3%로 가장 많았으나 다른 의료기관은 모두 초산부가 $56.0{\sim}61.7%$로 제일 많았다. 산모의 산과력 비교에서는 대학병원 산모가 자연유산 경험율이 상대적으로 다른 의료기관 산모보다 높았고 사산 경험자도 소수였으나 조산소와 모자보건센터에서 분만한 산모는 사산 경험자가 1명도 없었다. 대학병원 산모의 경우 37주 이하의 조산아 출생율(11.4%)과 2,499gm이하의 저체중아 출생율($5.8{\sim}13.0%$)은 타 의료기관 보다 현저히 높았다. 이에 따라 제왕절개술에 의한 분만율은 의료기관간에 차이가 많았다. 결국 대구시내 대학병원과 종합병원에서 분만하는 산모들은 사회경제적으로 중, 상류층과 소득고하를 막론하고 고위험산모들이 많고 조산소와 모자보건센터는 저소득충의 산모 가운데 산과적으로 저위험군들이 많이 이용하고 있다. 따라서 특정 의료기관을 대상으로 조사한 자료를 해석하는데 많은 제한성이 있으며 전체 산모의 특성으로 일반화하는 것은 불가능한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2013

현재 우리나라는 대리모 출산을 둘러싼 가족법이나 모성추정의 법안이 없고, 사회적으로도 대리모 관련 문제들이 언론에서 보도는 된 적이 있지만 이러한 논의를 지속적으로 행해지는 못했다. 생명윤리 및 안전에 관한 법률의 제정과정에서 초기에 논의는 있었지만 이를 법안으로 수용하지 못하여 법적으로나 윤리적으로도 매우 곤란한 문제가 제기되고 있는 실정이다. 그동안 법적인 해석의 어려움과 윤리상의 문제에도 불구하고, 대리모 출산은 음성적으로 공공연히 행해지고 있고, 이에 대하여 최근까지 우리의 법률은 공서양속에 반한다는 이유로 그 법률행위의 무효를 선언하고 있는데 불과하다. 따라서 대리모계약의 문제는 공서양속에 반한다고 무효화하여 방치하기엔 대리모권리와 그 계약에 의해 출생한 자의 복리의 문제가 심각한 사회문제를 일으킬 수 있다고 본다. 이제는 대리모계약의 문제에 대한 법적, 의학적인 대책이 강구되어야 할 때라고 본다. 따라서 이와 관련하여 본 논문에서는 대리모계약에 따른 여러 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 먼저 대리모계약의 문제점을 고찰함과 동시에, 대리모계약에 대한 각국의 입법례를 이를 바탕으로 우리나라의 대리모에 대한 입법론을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.197-221
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 양육지원 정책과 출산율과의 관계를 분석하기 위해 OECD 33개국의 출산율을 종속변수로 현금지원 정책, 보육시설서비스 정책, 조세혜택 정책을 독립변수로 구조방정식을 실시하였다. 연구결과 출산율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 정책은 보육시설서비스 정책으로 나타났다. 정책비용에 따른 효과를 다시 한 번 비교해 보았을 때 현금지원 정책은 지원 비용에 따라 효과의 증감이 일관되게 나타났으나 보육시설서비스 정책은 지원비용에 따라 일관된 증감이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 현금지원 정책의 효과성을 높이기 위해서는 부모의 양육부담 완화를 위한 적정 비용의 산정과 재정의 재분배 그리고 지원방법과 시기에 대한 지속적인 논의가 이루어져야하고, 보육시설서비스 정책의 효과성을 높이기 위해서는 일과 가정의 양립을 가능하게 하는 다양하고 포괄적인 질적 보육시설서비스 정책이 지속적으로 시행되어져야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1969

임신 전(前) Restricted diet을 먹은 것과 Unrestricted diet을 먹은 group간에 2세의 체중증가에 미치는 영향에는 차이가 없었으며 임신 전(前) 체중변화에 있어서 Restricted diet에 숫컷이 더 예민하였다. 암컷에서는 Recovery diet을 주는 기간에는 Unrestricted group을 거의 쫓아 갔으나 숫컷에서는 그차이가 심하였다. 새끼들의 체중에 있어서 임신동안의 초기와 후기의 식이제한 group은 관계없이 임신전(全)기간 식이제한 group과 Unrestricted group간에 체중의 차이를 나타내었다. 어미의 Nitrogen 배설량에서 보면 섭취량에 대한 배설량의 백분율은 사료섭취량의 증감(增減)에 관계없이 일정하며 배설량은 사료섭취량이 많으면 많이 나가고 적으면 그것에 비례해서 적게 배설되었다. 새끼의 Nitrogen 배설량은 8 group사이에 큰 차이를 보여주지 않고 있다. Birth weight는 임신전(前) Restricted diet이나 Unrestricted diet 영향을 받지 않았으며 임신동안의 Unrestricted group의 새끼가 임신동안 전(全)기간 식이제한을 하였거나 부분적으로 식이제한을 한 group의 새끼보다 Birth weight가 컸다. litter size는 사료섭취량에 영향을 받지 않았다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-177
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine sleeping patterns and diet patterns of the children in day-care centers in Seongdong-district and to find out the relationships between those two patterns and children growth. Methods : 686 day-care center kids participated in the examination. We measured their heights and weights. We also conducted a questionnaire survey (of them) on their sleeping patterns and diet patterns. Based on the findings, we have analyzed correlations of the factors. Results : 1. We have interviewed 686 children in day-care centers in Seongdong-district. Substantial survey was conducted to 672(14 kids didn't go through regular medical checkups). Their age ranged from 4 months to 120 months and weights covered from 6.20 kg to 50.80 kg with the average of 16.97kg. Their height ranges were from 70.4cm to 140.6cm and the average was 100.76cm. 2. The survey results showed that birth-height affects children's current height. The results from the group of age over 25months and the group covering 2 to 6 years indicated that birth-height affected the current height as well. However, the result from the age group over 37 months showed that birth-height didn't relate to the current height. 3. Results from questionnaires on sleeping patterns indicate that children sleeping longer are taller than the other. Results of other questionnaires showed no substantial relations to height. 4. Results from questionnaires on diet patterns, cold food eating habit affects growth. Conclusions : According to the results above, sleeping patterns substantially affects the growth. In order to find out, however, the specific relations between them, further research would be necessary.