• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

Bird collisions with glass are a substantial source of human-caused avian mortality. It has been estimated that between 100 million and 1 billion birds die in collisions with windows every year, and bird-window collisions can have a particularly serious impact on populations because glass is dangerous for strong, healthy, breeding adults. The purpose of this study are to address the bird-window collision issue and to provide suggestions for bird-safe development by reviewing precedent studies on bird collision and analyzing bird-friendly design guidelines. Typically reflections of the sky, clouds or trees on glass, green plants in lobbies, and lights attract and confuse both migrating and resident birds. Therefore birds fatally fly into the glass because they do not recognize that reflections are false and that glass is a barrier. Many cities such as Toronto, Chicago and New York have made efforts on reducing the bird collision by encouraging the creation of environmentally conscious and bird-safe buildings. The USGBC also introduced a bird-safety credit as part of its environmental certification process, called LEED. The results of the study presented that architects and builders can help reduce or prevent bird from collisions in both new construction and existing structures with creative use of design elements. The measures to reduce bird collisions include using glass with an embedded pattern, opaque or translucent films, decals, dot patterns, awnings, louvers, and grilles. Turning off lights after midnight during the spring and fall migrations can be part of the solution as well. In order to reduce bird mortality, the most important thing is to generate awareness of the issue among designers, builders, as well as the public. Also local governments need to develop bird-friendly design guidelines and planning mechanisms to encourage bird-safe development and building operation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.338-347
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• 2024

This paper deals with the study of bird collision avoidance measures in UAM operations from an operator's perspective. Urban air traffic is defined as a next-generation transportation system that uses environmentally friendly electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft to provide transportation services between key points within and around urban centers. For the successful establishment of the UAM industry, it is necessary to ensure safety issues that determine public acceptance. Among the hazards that can occur in aviation operations, preventing bird collisions in urban environments is a measure that can greatly secure operational safety and public acceptance. In addition to physical measures, procedural control measures are required to prevent bird strikes. In order to ensure the safety of UAM operations, this study aims to provide a direction for the establishment of UAM bird collision prevention measures by categorizing bird collision prevention measures into physical and procedural methods and flight sections such as takeoff, landing, and corridor sections. Through this, we hope to contribute to the improvement of the safety of the urban air traffic operation system.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2023

We observed five species and 163 individuals of birds in the Demonstration Offshore Wind Farm in the southern part of the West Sea in Korea, and 33 species and 4,023 individuals from Gusipo to Dongho Beach. The most dominant bird in both areas was the black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris. The flight height of birds for collision risk (wind turbine and bird) was divided into two groups. First, the safe height was from sea level to 20 m (< 20 m), with no effect from the action of revolving blades. Second, the danger height was more than 20 m from sea level (> 20 m), with a collision risk from the action of revolving blades. Birds flying a safe height (< 20 m) were 83.9% (271 individuals) and danger height (> 20 m) were 16.1% (52 individuals). Also, 11.7% of birds (35 individuals) used the inside of the Demonstration Offshore Wind Farm as a habitat for foraging and resting, and 88.3% birds used the outside. We suggest that the risk of collision with the wind farm was low due to the relatively low flight height of birds and distance between wind turbines (> 800 m).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.319-325
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• 2019

The main purpose of this study is to compare the bird strike analysis result of the radome composed of composite laminate and sandwich structure attached to aircraft with test result. First of all, we generated bird model which has water properties through SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) method. And then bird strike analysis was conducted with initial velocity of bird measured from bird strike test. From analysis result we investigated whether structural failure occurred or not onto the radome and compare maximum displacement of the radome structure with test result. Also reliability of numerical analysis model was confirmed through time-dependent pressure trend on this collision process matched existing research result. Furthermore, we confirmed that failure behavior of the radome can be affected by density of the particles in the bird model.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2013

A bird's-eye view is an elevated view of an object from above, with a perspective as though the observer were a bird, often used in the making of blueprints, floor plans and maps. It can be used under severe weather conditions when visibility is poor. Under low visibility environments, drivers can communicate each other using V2V communication to get each vehicle's status to prevent collision and other accidents. Ubiquitous transportation sensor networks(u-TSN) and its application are emerging rapidly as an exciting new paradigm to provide reliable and comfortable transportatione services. The ever-growing u-TSN and its application will provide an intelligent and ubiquitous communication and network technology for traffic safety area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

Bird-strike is one of the most important design factors for safety in the aviation industry. Bird-strikes have been the cause of significant damage to aircraft and rotorcraft structures and the loss of life. This study used DYTRAN software to simulate the transient response of an Euler-Lagrangian composite helicopter blade that has been impacted by a bird. The Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method and a suitable equation of state were applied to model the bird. ALE was applied to the bird-strike analysis due to the large difference between the properties of the blade and bird. The debris of the bird was assumed to be a fluid and applied as Euler elements after the collision. Through the analysis of bird impacts, the leading-edge of the rotor blade (50.8 mm) was used to identify a positive margin of 1.18 based on the TSAI-FILL criteria. The results are assessed to be sufficiently reliable and may be evaluated to replace tests with various analysis conditions. The structural stability of the rotor blade could be assessed by applying various load conditions and different modeling methods in the future.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.773-780
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• 1999

In this paper, we explore a behavioral animation of artificial birds that have lived by doing an aggregate motion. We first model individual birds and then propose a behavioral model for an aggregate motion of a flock of birds. In order to represent realistically collision avoidance and flock centering among birds, which are necessary properties in a flock of birds, we consider motive of a flock of birds, and role, velocity, momentum, banking and internal characteristics of each bird. The paper presents the simulation result of the proposed model for a flock of 100 birds.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.184-189
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• 2018

Wild birds rescued for various reasons are injured and admitted to a wild animal rescue center. With the case of collision with cars, buildings and wires on a power pole, most wild birds are severely traumatized or get fractured, which need intensive veterinary treatment. In general, inhalation anesthesia to wild birds is the best choice for the medical and surgical procedure, and intubation is recommended for the stable anesthesia. Although the certain size of an endotracheal tube can be chosen depending on the size and morphology of the bird, there are a few standardized guidelines. Therefore, the optimal endotracheal size of the rescued 162 individual birds of 41 species for four years from March 2014 to December 2017 was investigated and sorted empirically, suggesting possibly the appropriate endotracheal sizes for diverse avian species. It may provide practical information data for wildlife veterinarians to select the size of an endotracheal tube according to the size of the domestic wild bird species, especially during surgery in the emergency cases.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 2022

Humans and wild birds coexist in cities, where habitat fragmentation due to urbanization threatens the habitat and movement of birds. In this study, in order to identify landscape features associated with wild bird collide, we characterized landscape composition within a 500 m radius and points of wild bird carcasses in Suwon-city, South Korea. Dead birds were identified as having a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of 0.3, Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) of -0.05, and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) of -0.16 at the points of collide. And there were NDVI of 0.34, NDBI of -0.01, NDWI of -0.18, building height of 13.8 m, and soundproof wall length of 227.3 m within a radius of 500 m. Land cover type was dominated by grassland, used area, and bare land. In particular, the edges of urbanized areas, where apartments bordered forests, reservoirs, and golf courses, were identified as high-risk spaces. In order to minimize bird mortality risk in urban environments, the impact of changes to a vertical landscape should be reviewed from an environmental impact assessment approach. In addition, a preventive management plan that considers the temporal and spatial features that wild animals can safely avoid and adapt to in urbanized spaces should be prepared.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.359-363
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• 2019

As commercial drones have been widely used, concerns for collision accidents with people and invading secured properties are emerging. The detection of drone is a challenging problem. The deep learning based object detection techniques for detecting drones have been applied, but limited to the specific cases such as detection of drones from bird and/or background. We have tried not only detection of drones, but classification of different drones with an end-to-end model. YOLOv2 is used as an object detection model. In order to supplement insufficient data by shooting drones, data augmentation from collected images is executed. Also transfer learning from ImageNet for YOLOv2 darknet framework is performed. The experimental results for drone detection with average IoU and recall are compared and analysed.