• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.444-448
• /
• 1998

Biosorption of Pb and Cu was evaluated for 23 species of marine algae collected from a Korean coast. Among a variety of species for biosorbent potential, Hypnea charoides showed the highest capacity for Pb. An adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 2 hr for Pb and 30 min for Cu. The uptake capacity was 192.8 mg Pb/g biomass and 256 mg Cu/g biomass, respectively. The adsorption parameters for Pb and Cu were determined according to Langmuir model. With an increase in pH value, more negative sites are becoming avaliable for adsorption of pH and Cu, thus the removal of Pb and Cu increases at alkaline conditions. The selectivity of mixture solution shows the uptake order of Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd. When Ca concentration increases in Pb solution, Pb was selectively adsorbed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2019

In this paper the results of the biosorption of lead(II) and cadmium(II) with sugarcane bagasse in fixed bed columns are presented. Experimental data were fitted to several models describing the rupture curve for single-component and two-component systems. The percentages of removal of lead and cadmium in single-component systems are 91% and 90%, respectively. In lead-cadmium bicomponent systems the percentage of elimination of lead was 90% and cadmium 92%. In single-component systems, Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models successfully reproduce the rupture curves. In two-component system, the Dose-Response model was the best one reproducing the experimental rupture curves in the entire measured range.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.446-452
• /
• 2008

중금속 제거를 위한 조류 Spirulina platensis의 생물흡착 특성에 관해 연구하기 위하여, 조류 균체와 Ca-alginate를 이용하여 조류를 고정화한 고정체에 대하여 각각 회분식반응기에서 Pb와 Cu의 제거 실험을 하였다. Spirulina platensis 균체에 의한 Pb와 Cu의 생물흡착은 20분 이내에 흡착평형에 도달하였다. Pb와 Cu의 흡착량은 초기 농도가 증가하거나 용액의 pH가 높아짐에 따라 증가하여, pH 4.5$\sim$5.0에서 최적 조건을 나타내었다. Pb 혹은 Cu의 농도가 200 mg/L일 때, Spirulina platensis의 단위 무게당 흡착된 Pb와 Cu의 최대 흡착량은 각각 86.43과 57.02 mg/g이었으며, 이는 같은 조건에서 활성탄보다 1.94와 1.48배 높은 값이다. Spirulina platensis 균체에 의한 Pb와 Cu의 흡착특성은 Freundlich와 Langmuir 흡착등온식에 의해 잘 해석되었으며, Langmuir 흡착등온식에 의해 구한 흡착제 단위 무게당 흡착되는 Pb 혹은 Cu의 최대 흡착량($q_{max}$)은 각각 95.24와 62.50 mg/g이었다. Sp. platensis 균체에 대한 FT-IR 분석결과 여러 가지의 기능기들을 확인하였고, 이러한 기능기들이 수용액상에서 금속 이온과 반응할 수 있다. 조류 Spirulina platensis를 Ca-alginate를 이용하여 고정화한 고정체에 의한 Pb와 Cu의 생물흡착의 경우, 40분 정도에 흡착평형에 도달하여 균체에 의한 경우에 비하여 약간의 확산제한이 관찰되었다.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 Au(I) 이온을 함유한 시안 용액으로부터 다른 형태의 금을 회수하기 위하여 생체흡착 후 탈착하는 방법과 생체흡착 후 회화하는 방법을 제안하였다. 생체흡착제로는 아미노산 발효 공정에서 발생하는 균체 폐기물(Corynebacterium glutamicum)을 사용하였다. 바이오매스의 흡착 특성을 알아 보기 위하여 pH edge 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 흡착성능은 pH 2-3 부근에서 우수한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 등온흡착 실험 결과를 Langmuir 모델에 적용한 결과 Au(I)의 최대 흡착량은 pH 2.5에서 35.15 mg/g이었다. 흡착 속도론 실험을 통해 흡착 평형은 60분 이내의 짧은 시간 내에 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다. Au(I)을 회수하기 위하여 바이오매스에 흡착된 Au(I)을 탈이온수를 이용하여 탈착을 시켰으며, 탈착효율은 91%로 평가되었다. 이 결과는 바이오매스를 이용하여 흡착과 탈착을 통해 1가 금을 효과적으로 회수할 수 있음을 보여준다. 영가 형태로 회수하기 위하여, 금을 흡착하고 있는 생체흡착제를 회화하여 환원된 형태의 금을 성공적으로 회수하였으며, 회분 중 금의 순도는 85% 이상이었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시한 생체흡착 후 탈착(1가 형태) 공정과 생체흡착 후 회화(영가 형태) 공정은 회수하고자 하는 금의 산화수에 따라 선택하여 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경과학회 2006년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.333-337
• /
• 2006

Biosorption can be used to eliminate heavy metals from industrial effluents or to recover precious metals from processing solutions. Scanning Electron Microscopedetected a high Cr sorption capacity of L. Japonica biomass almost 45% of its dry weight at pH 4.5. It should be mentioned that adjusting the pH influences on sorption capacity of biomass.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.650-654
• /
• 1999

Undaria pinnatifida oxidized by nitric acid had a high capacity of Cu/sup 2+/ uptake (3.5 mmol Cu/sup 2+/g dry mass) at pH 4 and showed high affinity to Cu/sup 2+/ and Pb/sup 2+/, in a mixed-metal system, compared to Ca/sup 2+/ and Mg/sup 2+/. The IR spectrum showed increase of carboxylic acid on the surface of Undaria pinnatifida, mostly due to the effect of the oxidation reaction.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.470-479
• /
• 2004

The experimental conditions and relationships between parameters such as organic matter, aeration volume, aeration time, and precipitation time for the effective treatment of domestic wastewater were investigated. With the batch systems, the adsorption amount of unit microbe was measured with the change of MLSS concentration, precipitation time, and aeration amount. Theoretical adsorption amount of microbes was then numerically formulated by use of a SPSS multiple analysis as follows: $$Y=-0.0106(X_1)+0.07310(X_2)+42.705(X_3)+62.700$$ In this study, the amount of organisms to be removed in the range of MLSS concentration 2,000~4,500 mg/l were examined. In order to investigate the optimal condition of nitrification, the upper water in the biosorption stage was used as the initial experiment water. The results showed that the C/N ratio was 1.5 and the reaction time for the optimal nitrification was 1.5 hr. When the adsorption efficiency for microbe biosorption was 66%, the optimum denitrification efficiency was 83.3%. When the optimum parameters obtained from the batch experiment were applied to the lab-scale operation, the total retention time from the flow-in to flow-out was 10 hours and the removal efficiency was 93.8% for $COD_{cr}$ and 80.9% for TN. For the full-scale operation, the total retention time was 9.0 hours and the removal efficiency was 94.4% for BOD, 89.6% for $COD_{cr}$, 88.0% for TN, and 86.2% for TP.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2017

The ability of dead cells of endophytic Drechslera hawaiiensis of Morus alba L. grown in heavy metals habitats for bioremoval of cadmium ($Cd^{2+}$), copper ($Cu^{2+}$), and lead ($Pb^{2+}$) in aqueous solution was evaluated under different conditions. Whereas the highest extent of $Cd^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$ removal and uptake occurred at pH 8 as well as $Pb^{2+}$ occurred at neutral pH (6-7) after equilibrium time 10 min. Initial concentration 30 mg/L of $Cd^{+2}$ for 10 min contact time and 50 to 90 mg/L of $Pb^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$ supported the highest biosorption after optimal contact time of 30 min achieved with biomass dose equal to 5 mg of dried died biomass of D. hawaiiensis. The maximum removal of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$ equal to 100%, 100%, and 99.6% with uptake capacity estimated to be 0.28, 2.33, and 9.63 mg/g from real industrial wastewater, respectively were achieved within 3 hr contact time at pH 7.0, 7.0, and 6.0, respectively by using the dead biomass of D. hawaiiensis compared to 94.7%, 98%, and 99.26% removal with uptake equal to 0.264, 2.3, and 9.58 mg/g of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$, respectively with the living cells of the strain under the same conditions. The biosorbent was analyzed by Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis to identify the various functional groups contributing in the sorption process. From FT-IR spectra analysis, hydroxyl and amides were the major functional groups contributed in biosorption process. It was concluded that endophytic D. hawaiiensis biomass can be used potentially as biosorbent for removing $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$ in aqueous solutions.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.65-84
• /
• 2020

The potential use of Sargassum boveanum algae for the removal of uranium from aqueous solution has been studied by varying three independent parameters (pH, initial uranium ion concentration, S. boveanum dosage) using a central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Batch mode experiments were performed in 20 experimental runs to determine the maximum metal adsorption capacity. In CCD design, the quantitative relationship between different levels of these parameters and heavy metal uptake (q) were used to work out the optimized levels of these parameters. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the proposed quadratic model revealed that this model was highly significant (R² = 0.9940). The best set required 2.81 as initial pH(on the base of design of experiments method), 1.01 g/L S. boveanum and 418.92 mg/L uranium ion concentration within 180 min of contact time to show an optimum uranium uptake of 255 mg/g biomass. The biosorption process was also evaluated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models represented that the experimental data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model of a suitable degree and showed the maximum uptake capacity of 500 mg/g. FTIR and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the biosorbent and implied that the functional groups (carboxyl, sulfate, carbonyl and amine) were responsible for the biosorption of uranium from aqueous solution. In conclusion, the present study showed that S. boveanum could be a promising biosorbent for the removal of uranium pollutants from aqueous solutions.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.399-403
• /
• 1999

우리나라 인근 해역에서 가장 쉽게 채취할 수 있는 해조류 중의 하나인 S. sagamianum을 이용한 Pb 및 Cr의 생체흡착 실험을 수행하였다. Pb 및 Cr은 15분 안에 흡착 평형에 도달하였으며, 평형흡착량은 각각 224.5mg Pb/g biomass 및 77.5mg Cr/g bio-mass로서 Pb의 흡착량이 Cr보다 약 3배정도 높았다. 또한 pH가 감소할수록 Pb 및 Cr의 홉착량은 감소하였으나 Pb가 상대적으로 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. Pb, Cr, Cu 및 Cd 혼합용액에서는 Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd 순으로 흡착하였으며, Pb 및 Cr 이온이동량 존재하는 용액에서의 흡착은 거의 1 : 1로 흡착이 이루어졌다. Pb 및 Cr흡착 후에 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M $HNO_3$ 및 0.1 M EDTA으로 탈착 실험을 수행하니, Pb는 의 경우에는 $95\%$이상 탈착되었으나 Cr의 경우 S. sagamianum와의 결합력이 상대적으로 강하여 탈착율이 $51\%$이하로 낮았다.