• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-74
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• 1995

This study was made on the relationships among production structures, biomass and Soil proper-ties of grassland types in Chejudo. The results of this investigation were obtained as foolows. The annual productions of the grasslands of Zoysio, Imperata, Themede, Miscanthus and Pteridium types were 40.36~144.00, 168.28~272.44, 58.24~138.44, 156.12 ~714. 12 and 157. 18~398.40g /m$^2$, respectively. The production structures of those grassland types were different from one another. The water contents, organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were different levels between grasslands had a simple correlation at 5% level and the organic matter contents were a higher significant at the partial correlation. Key words: Production Structure, Biomass, Soil properity, Chejudo.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2010

The high costs for ethanol production with lignocellulosic biomass as a second generation energy materials currently deter commercialization of lignocellulosic biomass, especially wood biomass which is considered as the most recalcitrant material for enzymatic hydrolysis mainly due to the high lignified structure and the nature of the lignin component. Therefore, overcoming recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass for converting carbohydrates into sugar that can subsequently be converted into biobased fuels and biobased products is the primary technical and economic challenge for bioconversion process. This study was mainly reviewed on the research trend of the enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis for lignocellulosic biomass after pretreatment in bioethanol production process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1984

Research was conducted in a minirotation plantation with four different planting densities at Tatae-ri, Chongwoon-myon, Yangpyong-gun, Kyonggi-do, to investigate the relation between volume and biomass production. Nine-year-old Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica analyzed to determine volume yield and weight equations for aboveground parts. The results suggest that the most suitable harvesting or thinning period at highly dense plots, more than 6,000 trees per hectare, is five years after planting, and the most fitted regression equation model for estimating aboveground biomass or total tree biomass is $logY=b_0+b_1logd^2h$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2015

Carbon dioxide was designated as one of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Among various ways to solve the $CO_2$ emission issue, the 3rd-generation biomass (algae) production is considered as a viable method to reduce $CO_2$ in the atmosphere. In this research, we propose a design of an innovative sustainable production system by utilizing the 3rd generation biomass in the environment of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). Existing biomass production systems depend on the solar energy and they cannot continue producing biomass at night. Electricity produced from offshore wind farms also need an efficient way to store the energy through energy storage system (ESS) or deliver it real-time through power grid, both requiring heavy investment of capital. Thus, we design an offshore grid structure harnessing LED lights to supply the necessary light energy, by using the electricity produced from the wind farm, resulting in the maximized production of biomass and efficient use of wind farm energy. The final design integrates the biomass production system enhanced by LED lights with a wind power generation. The suggested NLP model for the optimal design, implemented in GAMS, would be useful for designing improved offshore biomass production systems combined with the wind farm.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 2006

Argo drifters provide information of the vertical structure in the water column and have a potential for the improvement of understanding phytoplankton primary production and biogeochemical cycles in combination with ocean color satellite data, which can obtain the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the surface layer. Our examples show that using Argo drifters with satellite-measured horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass at the sea surface allow an improved understanding of the development of the spring bloom. The other possible uses of Argo drifter are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.274-286
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• 2009

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant raw material for bioconversion in many country. However the high costs for pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis currently deter commercialization of lignocellulosic biomass, especially wood biomass which is considered as the most recalcitrant material for enzymatic hydrolysis mainly due to the high lignified structure and the nature of the lignin component. Therefore, overcoming recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass for converting carbohydrates into intermediates that can subsequently be converted into biobased fuels and biobased products is the primary technical and economic challenge for bioconversion process. This study was mainly reviewed on the research trend of pretreatment with lignocellulosic biomass in bioethanol production process.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.138-151
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• 2009

We quantitatively investigated compositions of fish and invertebrate bycatch in Korean shrimp fisheries. We sampled shrimp trawl bycatch from 48 commercial trawls over 1 year. These samples contained 108 taxa from 50 families, with 60 fish taxa contributing 51.2% of the total biomass and 48 invertebrate taxa 48.8%. However, 86.32% of the total individual organism density comprised invertebrates, while individual fishes made up the remainder. Within the bycatch, two fish species varied in population size structure by season, suggesting recruitment is seasonal in these taxa. Overall general catch characteristics (total bycatch biomass and organism density) varied significantly by season and tide, and a significant interaction effect was observed (season$\times$tide) on total density, but not on total biomass. The data collected will be used in designing a program of long-term bycatch monitoring.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1450-1457
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• 2015

To overcome the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental problems in future, the research and production of biofuels have attracted attention largely. Thermophilic microorganisms produce effective and robust enzymes which can hydrolyze plant biomass and survive under harsh bioprocessing conditions. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, which can degrade unpretreated plants and grow on them, is the one of the best candidates for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). C. bescii can hydrolyze pectin efficiently as well as the major plant cell wall components, cellulose and hemicelluloses. Many glycosyl hydrolases and carbohydrate lyases with multidomain structure play an important role in plant biomass decomposition. Recently genetic tools for metabolic engineering of C. bescii have developed and bioethanol production from unpretreated biomass is achieved in C. bescii. Here, we review the recent studies for biomass degradation by C. bescii and bioethanol production in C. bescii in order to provide information about metabolic engineering of themophilic bacteria and biofuel development.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Cultivation of winter cover crops is strongly recommended to increase land utilization efficiency, animal feeding material self-production, and to improve soil and environmental quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four major winter crops (barley, Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch, and rye) having different C/N ratio were seeded in silt loam paddy soil in the November 2007 and the aboveground biomass was harvested on the late May 2008 to evaluate its effectiveness as green manure, and root biomass distribution was characterized at the different depth (0-60 cm) to study its effect on physical properties and carbon sequestration in soil. During this experiment, the naturally growing weed in the rice paddy soil in Korea, short awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol), was considered as control treatment. Above-ground biomass of all cover crops selected was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (2.8 Mg/ha). Comparatively higher above-ground biomass productivity of rye and barley (15.8 and 13.5 Mg/ha, respectively) suggested that these cover crops possibly had the highest potential as a green manure and animal feeding material. Root biomass production of different cover crops followed the same trend as that for their above ground biomass. Rye (Secale cereal) might have the highest potential for soil C accumulation (7893 C kg/ha) by root biomass development, and then followed by barley (6985 C kg/ha), hairy vetch (6467 C kg/ha), Chinese milk vetch (6671 C kg/ha), and control (5791 C kg/ha). CONCLUSION(s): Cover crops like rye and barley having high biomass productivity might be the most effective winter cover crops to increase organic carbon distribution in different soil aggregates which might be beneficial to improve soil structure, aeration etc. and C sequestration.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.282-285
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• 2012

In this study, the ability of Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella salina to use biomass resources for anaerobic digestive biogas production was examined. The differences in cell wall structure pretreatments affecting the yield of soluble products showed that D. salina is a better candidate for biogas production than C. vulgaris. There was no significant difference between pretreated and non-pretreated D. salina in terms of methane production yield by inocula obtained from anaerobic digestion systems. Therefore, D. salina is a suitable algal biomass for biogas production due to its high biomass productivity, simple pretreatment needs, and easy conversion to biogas.