DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Carbon Sequestration Potential of Winter Cover Crop Cultivation in Rice Paddy Soil

  • Lee, Seul-Bi (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology) ;
  • Haque, Mozammel (Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Pramanik, Prabhat (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Yoon (Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Pil-Joo (Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2011.09.14
  • Accepted : 2011.09.23
  • Published : 2011.09.30

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cultivation of winter cover crops is strongly recommended to increase land utilization efficiency, animal feeding material self-production, and to improve soil and environmental quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four major winter crops (barley, Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch, and rye) having different C/N ratio were seeded in silt loam paddy soil in the November 2007 and the aboveground biomass was harvested on the late May 2008 to evaluate its effectiveness as green manure, and root biomass distribution was characterized at the different depth (0-60 cm) to study its effect on physical properties and carbon sequestration in soil. During this experiment, the naturally growing weed in the rice paddy soil in Korea, short awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol), was considered as control treatment. Above-ground biomass of all cover crops selected was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (2.8 Mg/ha). Comparatively higher above-ground biomass productivity of rye and barley (15.8 and 13.5 Mg/ha, respectively) suggested that these cover crops possibly had the highest potential as a green manure and animal feeding material. Root biomass production of different cover crops followed the same trend as that for their above ground biomass. Rye (Secale cereal) might have the highest potential for soil C accumulation (7893 C kg/ha) by root biomass development, and then followed by barley (6985 C kg/ha), hairy vetch (6467 C kg/ha), Chinese milk vetch (6671 C kg/ha), and control (5791 C kg/ha). CONCLUSION(s): Cover crops like rye and barley having high biomass productivity might be the most effective winter cover crops to increase organic carbon distribution in different soil aggregates which might be beneficial to improve soil structure, aeration etc. and C sequestration.

Keywords

References

  1. Angers, D.A., Recous, S., Aita, C., 1997. Fate of carbon and nitrogen in water-stable aggregates during decomposition of $^{13}C\;^{15}N$ labeled wheat straw in situ, Eur. J. Soil Sci. 48, 295-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00549.x
  2. Blake, G.R., Hartge, K.H., 1986. Bulk density. In: A. Klute, Editor, Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods (2nd ed.), Agronomy Monograph vol. 9, Agronomy Society of America & Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 363-375, ESA.
  3. Bremer, E., Janzen, H.H., Johnston, A.M., 1994. Sensitivity of total, light fraction and mineralizable organic matter to management practices in a Lethbrige. J. Soil Sci. 74, 131-138.
  4. Brenner, R., Boone, R., Jones, J., Lajtha, K., Ruess, R., 2006. Successional and physical controls on the retention of nitrogen in an undisturbed boreal forest ecosystem. Oecologia. 148(4), 602-611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0399-y
  5. Bruce, J.P., Frome, M., Haites, E., Janzen, H., Lal, R., Paustian, K., 1998. Carbon sequestration in soil. In 'Proceedings of the carbon sequestration in soils workshop'. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 21-22 May, 1998. pp. 4-31.
  6. Feller, C., Beare, M.H., 1997. Physical control of soil organic matter dynamics in the tropics. Geoderma. 79, 69-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00039-6
  7. Guggenberger, G., Frey, S.D., Six, J., Paustian, K., Elliott, E.T., 1999. Bacterial and fungal cell-wall residues in conventional and notillage agroecosystems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63, 1188-1198. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6351188x
  8. Hassink, J., 1997. The capacity of soils to preserve organic C and N by their association with clay and silt particles. Plant and Soil. 191, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004213929699
  9. Jagadamma, S., Lal, R., Hoeft, R.G., Nafziger, E.D., Adee, E.A., 2007. Nitrogen fertilization and cropping systems effects on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen pools under chisel-plow tillage in Illinois, Soil Tillage Res. 95, 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006
  10. Kuo, S., Sainju, U.M., Jellum, E.J., 1997. Winter cover crop effects on soil organic carbon and carbohydrate. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61, 145-152. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100010022x
  11. Lal, R., Kimble, J.M., Follet, R., 1997. Land use and soil carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems. In Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soils. Lal, R., Kimble, J.M., Follet, R. (eds). CRC Press, New York.
  12. Lal, R., 2000. Erosion effects on agronomic productivity. In Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming. Edited by J.M. Laflen, J. Tian and C-H. Huang. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 229-246.
  13. Li, Y., Zhang, Q.W., Reicosky, D.C, Lindstrom, M.J., Bai, L.Y., Li, L., 2007. Changes in soil organic carbon induced by tillage and water erosion on a steep cultivated hillslope in the Chinese Loess Plateau from 1898-1954 and 1954-1998. Journal Geophy. Res. 112, G01021. DOI. 10.1029/2005 JG000107
  14. Nelson, D.W., Sommer, L.E., 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. 2nd Ed. ASA Monogr. 9(2). Amer. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI, 539-579.
  15. Patrick, W.H. Jr., Haddon, C.B., Hendrix, J.A., 1957. The effect of longtime use of winter cover crops on certain physical properties of Commerce loam. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 21, 366-368. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1957.03615995002100040004x
  16. Puget, P., Angers, D.A., Chenu, C., 1999. Nature of carbohydrates associated with water-stable aggregates of two cultivated soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31, 55-63.
  17. Sainju, U.M., Singh, B.P., Whitehead, W.F., 2002. Long-term effects of tillage, cover crops and nitrogen fertilization on organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in sandy loam soils in Georgia, USA. Soil Tillage Res. 63, 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00244-6
  18. Sainju, U,M., Lenssen, A., Caesar-Tonthat, T., Waddell, J., 2006. Carbon sequestration in dryland soils and plant residue as influenced by tillage and crop rotation. J. Environ. Qual. 35, 1341-1347. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0131
  19. Schlesinger, W.H., 1997. Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change. Academic Press, San Diego.
  20. Schlesinger, W.H., 2000. Carbon sequestration in soils: Some cautions amidst optimism. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 82, 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00221-8
  21. Six, J., Conant, R.T., Paul, E.A., Paustian, K., 2002. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant and Soil. 241, 155-176. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016125726789
  22. Walkley, A.A., 1947. Critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soils: Effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Sci. 63, 251-263. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-194704000-00001
  23. Wang, L.G., Jiang, X., Mao, Y.M., Zhao, Z.H., Bian, Y.R., 2005. Organophosphorus pesticide extraction and cleanup from soils and measurement using GC-NPD. Pedosphere 15, 386-394.
  24. Wang, K.H., Mc Sorley, R., Gallaher, R.N., Kokalis- Burelle, N., 2008. Cover crops and organic mulches for nematode, weed, and plant health management. Nematology. 10, 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854108783476412
  25. Watson, R.T., Noble, I.R., Bolin, B., Ravindranath, N.H., Verardo, D.J., Bokken, D.J., 2000. IPCC Special Report: Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge.
  26. Yoder, R.A., 1936. Direct method of aggregate analysis of soils and a study of the physical nature of erosion losses. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 285, 337-435.

Cited by

  1. Differences of Soil Carbon by Green Manure Crops in Rotated Cropping System vol.45, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.6.1027