• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2012

Objectives: Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) have a tendency to recur and possess an aggressive nature. the aim of the present study was to evaluate cytokeratin (CK) expression patterns as a method for the differentiation between dentigerous cysts (DCs) and OKCs, as their histomorphologic appearance are often indistinguishable. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 43 OKCs and 38 DCs were immunohistochemically analyzed with i-solution in a quantitative manner in order to evaluate the immunoreactivity of CK 10, 16 and 17. Results: CK 10 expression was evident in 79.1% of OKCs but found in only 18.4% of DCs (P<0.05), and CK 10 expression was observed to occur more frequently in OKCs (mean 25.45%) than in DCs (2.19%) (P<0.05). The expression of CK 16 was evident in 79.1% of OKCs but found in only 7.9% of the DCs (P<0.05) and CK 16 expression was observed to occur more frequently in OKCs (mean 4.33%) than in the DCs (0.61%) (P<0.05). The expression of CK 17 was evident in 88.4% of OKCs but seen in only 15.7% of the DCs (P<0.05) and CK 17 expression was observed to occur more frequently in OKCs (mean 31.11%) than in the DCs (2.37%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The immunohistochemical detection of CK 10, 16 and 17 can be utilized as a valuable biomarker for use in distinguishing between OKCs and DCs, which have clinically significant differential diagnoses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Vitellogenin (Vtg), a phospholipoglycoprotein precursor of egg yolk is synthesized and secreted from the liver in response to estrogens in female fish. Vtg is normally undetectable in the blood of male fish, but can be induced by exposure to chemicals possessing estrogenic activity. Thus, the presence of Vtg in blood of male fish can serve as a useful biomarker for assessing previous exposure to estrogenic compounds. In the present study, Vtg was abnormally expressed in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus using estradiol benzoate ($E_2$). As the result, it was found that the level of Vtg in blood from R. oxycephalus was increased by treated quantity of $E_2$ with dose-effect manner. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against Vtg of R. oxycephalus. The hybridoma were screened with an enzyme immunoassay for the production of specific anti-Vtg antibodies. Five positive cell lines with a high specificity were selected. Monoclonal antibodies against vtg of R. oxycephalus that was developed in this study, may be a useful bio-indicator for the detection of estrogenic contamination in the aquatic ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to compare serum nitrotyrosine concentrations in healthy dogs with those in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Fifty client-owned dogs were included in this study. Based on echocardiographic results, dogs were categorized into healthy (control), mild-, moderate-, and severe-MMVD groups. Serum nitrotyrosine concentrations were determined from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. No significant difference between control dogs and dogs with mild MMVD was detected (p = 0.31). However, dogs with moderate MMVD had significantly higher serum concentrations of nitrotyrosine (p = 0.04) than that in controls, and dogs with severe MMVD had significantly lower serum concentrations of nitrotyrosine (p = 0.03) than that in moderate MMVD dogs. There were negative correlations in the association of serum nitrotyrosine with age (n = 30, $R^2=0.067$, p = 0.27), left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (n = 30, $R^2=0.02$, p = 0.57), and platelet count (n = 30, $R^2=0.39$, p = 0.003); however, only the platelet correlation was significant. Among dogs with MMVD, there was no significant difference in serum nitrotyrosine concentration between males and females. The results of this study suggest that tyrosine nitration end-products might be potential biomarkers for the detection of MMVD in dogs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.2413-2418
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• 2013

Forensic and legal medicine require reliable data to indicate excessive alcohol consumption. Ethanol is oxidatively metabolized to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase and non-oxidatively metabolized to ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), phosphatidylethanol, or fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). Oxidative metabolism is too rapid to provide biomarkers for the detection of ethanol ingestion. However, the non-oxidative metabolite EtG is a useful biomarker because it is stable, non-volatile, water soluble, highly sensitive, and is detected in body fluid, hair, and tissues. EtG analysis methods such as mass spectroscopy, chromatography, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques are currently in use. We suggest that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be used to monitor ethanol intake. As with current conventional methods, NMR spectroscopy doesn't require complicated pretreatments or sample separation. This method has the advantages of short acquisition time, simple sample preparation, reproducibility, and accuracy. In addition, all proton-containing compounds can be detected. In this study, we performed $^1H$ NMR analyses of urine to monitor the ethanol and EtG. Urinary samples were collected over time from 5 male volunteers. We confirmed that ethanol and EtG signals could be detected with NMR spectroscopy. Ethanol signals increased immediately upon alcohol intake, but decreased sharply over time. In contrast, EtG signal increased and reached a maximum about 9 h later, after which the EtG signal decreased gradually and remained detectable after 20-25 h. Based on these results, we suggest that $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy may be used to identify ethanol non-oxidative metabolites without the need for sample pretreatment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.354-361
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• 2010

Glycosphingolipids are structural components of mammalian cell membranes and are involved in essential cellular physiology such as cell-cell interaction, recognition, transmembrane signaling, proliferation and cell death. In this study, the simple quantitative method of monoglycoceramides-containing glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide was developed. The glycosylceramides extracted from culture cells and rat plasma were resolved by TLC, deacylated by SCDase and analyzed by HPLC-fluorescence detector at an excitation wavelength of 340 nm and an emission wavelength of 455 nm. Limit of detection was approximately 0.1 pmol and limit of quantification was about 1 pmol for both monoglycoceramide standards. The recoveries of standard glucosylceramides from intra- and inter-day assays were 113.8 and 88.8% and those of galactosylceramides were 110.7 and 123.9%, respectively. The monoglycoceramide contents of SW-620 cells and rat plasma were $141.5{\pm}5$ pmol/$1{\times}10^6$ cells and $3.9{\pm}0.3{\mu}M$, respectively. The present analytical method provides a reproducible quantification and total content of monoglycoceramide which may be as a potential biomarker for lipid imbalance-related human diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5223-5227
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in many populations. While the Pap smear is a well established screening test it suffers from both false-positive and false-negative results in diagnosis of cancers and precancerous states. In this study, immunocytochemistry of the P16 biomarker and HPV-PCR were compared for their diagnostic potential. Materials and methods: In the study, we obtained pairs of specimens from 45 women with cervical dysplasia. One sample was placed in a liquid-based solution, and processed for staining of sections with antibodies to P16. HPV-PCR was performed on the other and the results obtained were analyzed by T-test using SPSS v. 15. Results: Using HPV-PCR 71% of the samples were found to be infected with either HPV 16 or HPV 18, and the rate of infection did not have a statistically significant relationship with higher grades of dysplasia (p= 0.253). In contrast, with immunocytochemistry evaluation of P16, 64% of the specimens were positive, but the percentage of positive results significantly increased with higher grades of dysplasia (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Employment of the P16 marker as an optional test might be preferable over HPV-PCR for cervical dysplasia in our geographical region.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.459-469
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) users. Methods: The medical records of HCQ users were retrospectively reviewed. In these HCQ users, an automated perimetry, fundus autofluorescence photography, and SD-OCT with peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements were performed. The peripapillary RNFL thicknesses were compared between the HCQ users and the control groups. The relationships between the RNFL thicknesses and the duration or cumulative dosage of HCQ use were analyzed. Results: This study included 77 HCQ users and 20 normal controls. The mean duration of HCQ usage was $63.6{\pm}38.4$ months, and the cumulative dose of HCQ was $528.1{\pm}3.44g$. Six patients developed HCQ retinopathy. Global and six sectoral RNFL thicknesses of the HCQ users did not significantly decrease compared to those of the normal controls. No significant correlation was found between the RNFL thickness and the duration of use or cumulative dose. The eyes of those with HCQ retinopathy had temporal peripapillary RNFL thicknesses significantly greater than that of normal controls. Conclusions: The peripapillary RNFL thicknesses did not change in the HCQ users and did not correlate with the duration of HCQ use or cumulative doses of HCQ. RNFL thickness is not a useful biomarker for the early detection of HCQ retinal toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

We report highly sensitive detection of myocardial infarction biomarkers, such as myoglobin and cTnI, within several hundred seconds using a rotating-analyzer ellipsometer and a biosensor with biochips fabricated on a $SiO_2$-coated tilted silicon substrate. We choose the running buffer to be pure phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 10% mixed human serum. When we choose the running buffer to be pure PBS, we obtain diagnostic densities of pure myocardial infarction biomarkers of up to 1 ng/ml and 5 pg/ml respectively. Meanwhile, when we use PBS with 10% human serum, the measured densities of myoglobin and cTnI were up to 1 ng/mL and 1 pg/mL respectively. The measured diagnostic densities are less than 1/15 and 1/80 (in cases of myoglobin and cTnI respectively) of those referenced by the World Health Organization.

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2018

Objectives: Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is a specific biomarker that rises after bacterial infection, and levels of PCT are known to correlate with the severity and mortality of patients with pneumonia and sepsis. However, the usefulness of PCT levels in acute pyelonephritis is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using the PCT level as a predictive test for bacteremia in acute pyelonephritis. Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2013, 140 patients diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis were admitted to Haeundae Paik Hospital. Serum PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) levels at pre- and post- treatment were measured. Blood and urine cultures were obtained from all patients. The levels of PCT, CRP, and WBCs were each compared between the blood culture-positive and blood culture-negative groups to assess their effectiveness in predicting bacteremia. Results: Pre-treatment PCT level was 0.77 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.42-1.60 ng/mL) in the blood culture-negative group and 4.89 ng/mL (95% CI: 2.88-9.04 ng/mL) in the blood culture-positive group, and the increase between the two groups was statistically significant. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PCT level for prediction of bacteremia was 0.728. A cut-off value of 1.23 ng/mL indicated a sensitivity of 79.0 % and specificity of 60.0 % for PCT level. Conclusions: Serum PCT level is a useful predictive test for bacteremia in acute pyelonephritis. Through the early detection of bacteremia, serum PCT level can help estimate the prognosis and predict complications such as sepsis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2021

Despite the synergistic effect of Opisthorchis viverrini and Helicobacter pylori co-infection on pathogenesis of severe hepatobiliary abnormalities (HBA) including advanced periductal fibrosis and replace with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have been established, the immune response to H. pylori in O. viverrini infected population has never been explored. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the antibody responses to 2 immunogenic H. pylori proteins in O. viverrini-infected patients with HBA and CCA. The risk analysis by multinomial logistic regression revealed that GroEL seropositivity was associated with higher risks of hepatobiliary abnormalities and CCA with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.11 (95% CI=1.20-3.71, P=0.008) and 2.13 (95% CI=1.21-3.75, P=0.009), respectively. These findings indicate that GroEL seropositivity might be a biomarker for early detection of O. viverrini associated HBA and CCA.