• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2001

The biological activities of wastewater and sludge taken from the wastewater treatment process of Hyangnam pharmaceutic factories in Hwaseong, Kyeonggi-Do was measured using a respirometer. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) was used as a tool for measuring biological activity. OUR was measured for varying amounts of sludge and organic chemicals in wastewater, and its toxicity was evaluated. Maximum OUR was observed as 61, 75, and 89 mg O$_2$/L/hr when sludge was added as 3, 5, and 10% of total volume, respectively. When the concentration of organic chemicals was changed to 1,486, 337, and 164 mg COD/L, maximum OUR was 53, 13, 8 mg O$_2$/L/hr, respectively. The toxicity test results showed that there seemed that there seemed to be no observable toxic effect on microbes in pharmaceutic wastewater.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2020

Biological phosphorus removal is accomplished by exposing PAO(phosphorus accumulating organisms) to anaerobic-aerobic conversion conditions. In the anaerobic condition, PAO synthesize PHB(polyhydroxybutyrate) and simultaneously hydrolysis of poly-p resulting phosphorus(Pi) release. In aerobic condition, PAO uptake phosphorus(Pi) more than they have released. In this study, cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp., which is known to be able to synthesize PHB like PAO, was exposed to anaerobic-aerobic conversion. If Synechococcus sp. can remove excess phosphorus by the same mechanism as PAO, synergistic effects can occur through photosynthesis. Moreover, Synechococcus sp. is known to be capable of synthesizing PHB using inorganic carbon as well as organic carbon, so even if the available capacity of organic carbon decreases, it was expected to show stable phosphorus removal efficiency. In 6 hours of anaerobic condition, phosphorus release occurred in both inorganic and organic carbon conditions but SPRR(specific phosphorus release rate) of both conditions was 10 mg-P/g-MLSS/day, which was significantly lower than that of PAO. When converting to aerobic conditions, SPUR(specific phosphorus uptake rate) was about 9 mg-P/g-MLSS/day in both conditions, showing a higher uptake rate than the control condition showing SPUR of 6.4 mg-P/g-MLSS/day. But there was no difference in terms of the total amount of removal. According to this study, at least, it seems to be inappropriate to apply Synechococcus sp. to luxury uptake process for phosphorus removal.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2007

Toxicity evaluations using oxygen uptake rate (OUR) on activated sludge process were investigated. On toxicity evaluations of heavy metals, all toxicants in experiments decreased OUR with respect to the concentrations of the toxicants, while high toxicities with cyanide and mercury were observed respectively. On toxicity evaluations of composite heavy metals, composite toxicities had similar results as to the total sum of each toxicants that presents accurate toxicity evaluation using OUR. From these results, it is concluded that activated sludge is effective indicator for toxicity evaluation on wastewater of biological treatment plants.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2013

질산이온은 식물체의 주된 영양분중의 하나이며, 다수확을 위하여 자주 과량이 시용되고 있다. 이것은 토양중 질산이온이 집적되어 염류장애의 주된 이유가 되며, 유리 및 비닐 온실의 토양에서 심각한 문제가 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 축산농가의 배수구 주위 젖은 토양으로 부터 6가지 미생물을 분리하였으며, 그들의 질산이온 흡수 활성을 측정하였다. 이 미생물들은 1,000-3,000 ppm (10-50 mM) 수준의 질산이온을 제거할 수 있었으며, 특히 PCE3 균주는 4,000 ppm으로 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 이 균주들을 동정하기 위하여, 16S rRNA 유전자 서열을 결정하고 분석하였다. 이들 균주중 PCE3 균주는 Bacillus 속으로 확인되었다. 균주의 성장과 질산이온 흡수활성을 측정하였을 때, $37^{\circ}C$와 pH 7-9 범위에서 최대 값을 보였다. Bacillus sp. PCE3 균주는 배지의 질산이온 농도에 따라 40-60 mM (2,500-3,700 ppm)의 질산이온을 제거할 수 있었다. 그러므로, Bacillus sp. PCE3 균주는 질산이온이 집적한 시설원예 토양에서 질산이온 제거에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.967-971
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• 2004

The kinetics of sulfite uptake were examined in a wild-type laboratory strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine if carrier-mediated sulfite uptake involved a proton symport, as previous studies on sulfite uptake have suggested both an active process and facilitated diffusion. Accumulation of intracellular sulfite was initially rapid and linear up to 50 sec. Uptake was saturable at final concentrations equal to or greater than 3 mM sulfite, and increased 2-fold in the presence of 2% glucose. Uptake was significantly reduced in cells pretreated with 100-500 $\mu$M carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), both of which dissipate proton gradients. Uptake was also significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 mM arsenate, an inhibitor of ATP synthesis. Extracellular alkalization was observed in cells incubated with 1-2 mM sulfite in a weak tartrate buffer at pH 3.5 and 4.5. These findings suggest that the bisulfite ion, $HSO_3^-$, an anionic form of sulfite, is taken up by a carrier-mediated proton symport. A met16 sull sul2 mutant, impaired in both sulfite formation and sulfate uptake, was found able to grow on a medium with sulfite as the sole Sulfur source, indicating that the sulfate transporters Sul1p and Sul2p are not required for sulfite uptake.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2019

Soil moisture regulates the fate of methane ($CH_4$) in forest soil via biological and chemical processes. The instant effect of variable precipitation on $CH_4$ uptake is, however, unclear in the forest ecosystems. Here, we measured $CH_4$ flux in a temperate forest soil immediately after variable volume of water applications equivalent to 10, 20 40, and $80mm\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$ precipitation. $CH_4$ uptake was significantly higher when the water was not applied. The $CH_4$ uptake decreased significantly with increasing water application. $CH_4$ uptake was linked with air filled porosity and water filled porosity. $CH_4$ uptake response to actual precipitation intensity was in agreement with $CH_4$ uptake results in this study. $CH_4$ uptake decreased 55% at highest precipitation intensity. Since annual $CH_4$ flux is calculated with interpolation of weekly or biweekly field observations, instant effect of precipitation can mislead the interpolated annual results.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2004

Human ferritin H- and L-chain genes (hfH and hfL) were cloned into the yeast shuttle vector YEp352 containing the GAL1 (galactokinase) and GAL10 (epimerase) divergent promoters and the vectors constructed were used to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2805. SDS-PAGE displayed expression of the introduced hfH and hfL in both recombinant strains of Y1H10L and Y1L10H. The ferritin subunits, that represented ca. $22\%$ and $15\%$ of the soluble proteins in Y1H10L and Y1L10H, were spontaneously assembled into active ferritin heteropolymers. The H subunit content of the purified recombinant human ferritin heteropolymers was proven to reflect the relative expression yield of the subunits. When the cells of 2d culture were incubated with 14.3 mM Fe(2), the cellular iron concentration of Y1H10L and Y1L10H was 1.7 and 2.0 times, respectively, that of the control strain. It is assumed that increase in the iron uptake of the recombinant yeasts is closely related to ferritin expression and H subunit content.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2001

Using a new evaluation method, Congo red method, the foliar uptakes of eight fungicides were measured. Among the fungicides tested, fenarimol, myclobutanil, edifenphos, isoprothiolane, and tricyclazole were found to be penetrable (11.0~42.8%), and were continuously absorbed into the leaf regardless of their formulation types. Procymidone, dimethomorpb, and ethaboxan were seldomly absorbed into plant leaf. The uptakes of dimethomorph and ethaboxam were facilitated (18.1~22.7%) in the presence of Koremul-OE-20, as an activator, showing plateau phase at 12h after application. Foliar uptake of fenarimol and myclobutanil into cucumber plant by spray application was larger than that by dropping application, while observed opposite in the cases of dimethomorph and ethaboxam containing activator. Congo red method in conjunction with spraying application used in the present study produced the clear results on foliar uptake of fungicides and therefore proved to be better than the conventional method in which the dropping application of pesticide has been used.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 1994

일반계(13품종)와 통일계(12품종) 현미의 겨층구조와 수분 흡수 속도를 조사하고 각 특성들간의 유의성을 분석하였다. 일반계 현미의 길이는 통일계보다 유의적으로 짧았으나, 폭과 무게는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 호분층과 과피의 두께는 일반계와 통일계 모두 등부가 배부보다 두꺼웠으며, 호분층 수는 일반계가 통일계보다 많았으나 배부 또는 등부의 호분층과 과피의 두께는 일반계와 통일계 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. $60^{\circ}C$ 에서의 수분 흡수 속도는 일반계가 폭이 컸으나 통일계와 유의성은 없었으며, 겨층의 구조와는 상관을 보이지 않았다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2005

A batch and a continuous type experiments were conducted to test the conditions for simultaneous phosphorus release and uptake, and denitrification, taking place in one process. The bacteria able to denitrify as well as to remove phosphorus were evaluated for the application to biological nutrient removal(BNR) process. In the batch-type experiment, simultaneous reactions of phosphorus release and uptake, and also denitrification were observed under anoxic condition with high organic and nitrate loading. However the rate and the degree of P release were lower than that occurred under anaerobic condition. BNR processes composed of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic(AXO), anoxic-anaerobic-oxic(XAO) and anoxic-oxic(XO) were operated in continuous condition. The anoxic reactors in each process received nitrate loading. In the AXO process, P release in anaerobic reactor and the luxury uptake in oxic reactor proceeded actively regardless to nitrate loading. However in XAO and XO processes, P release and luxury uptake occurred only with the nitrate loading less than $0.07\;kg{NO_3}^--N$/kgMLSS-d. With higher nitrate load, P release increased and the luxury uptake decreased. Therefore, it appeared that the application of denitrifying phosphorus-removing bacteria (DPB) to BNR process must first resolve the problem with decrease of luxury uptake of phosphorus in oxic reactor.