• 생물정신의학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2016

Objectives Treatment response of bipolar disorders (BDs) to long-term mood stabilizers maintenance has not been well explored because of complicated clinical and treatment courses. This study aims at investigating long-term clinical response of BDs to lithium and/or valproate in a naturalistic setting of a tertiary-care university-affiliated hospital. Methods Subjects were 65 patients with bipolar I (BD-I) disorders who had been treated with lithium and/or valproate for more than two years at single bipolar disorder clinic. Long-term response to the best treatment based on treatment algorithms and the current clinical standard of care was retrospectively evaluated using the Alda Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale for use in bi-polar illness (CGI-BP). Patients were classified into full responder and partial/non responder groups based on the total score of the Alda Scale with the cut-off score generated from the frequentist mixture analysis of the authors' previous study. Results The mean duration of treatment with the index medication was 69.2 months. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were not different among three mood stabilizer groups (valproate, lithium, and combination groups). Twenty-one subjects were classified into full responder group (32.3%). Treatment response assessed by the Alda Scale and CGI-BP scores was not different between lithium and valproate groups. The Alda Scale scores were well correlated with the CGI-BP scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions One third of the patients showed a full response to the long-term lithium and/or valproate treatment in BD-I. The degree of response was similar between lithium and valproate groups.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this research was to identify the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between job stress and stress response of shift-working nurses. Methods: The participants in this study were 150 nurses who had more than 6 months of shift-working experience. A survey was conducted from May to June 2017 in a hospital in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The data were collected through self-report questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 program. The analysis was based on Baron and Kenny's model to examine the mediating effects of sleep quality on the relationship between job stress and stress response of shift-working nurses. Results: In the first and second steps, job stress was identified as a significant predictor of sleep quality (β= .29, p= .001) and stress response (β = .24, p= .004). In the third step, sleep (B = .55, p< .001) was observed as a significant predictor of stress response, and the direct relationship between job stress and stress response was not significant (β= .07, p= .291). Sleep quality was found to exhibit complete mediating effect on the relationship between job stress and stress response. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that strategies for managing the stress of shift-working nurses should include effective ways to ensure sleep quality.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find stress mediation strategies for pandemic task forces in the future by identifying role stress experienced by local officials in public health centers working as COVID-19 response task force. Whether they suffered from trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to COVID-19 was also determined. Methods: Subjects for this research were 185 public health center workers in 7 northern Gyeonggi cities with at least three months of COVID-19 response task force experience. The investigation lasted for two months, from February to March of 2021. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The average role stress of research subjects was 2.79±0.60. There were 64 subjects (34.6%) who answered 'yes' for trauma experience due to COVID-19. Subjects' role stress by sociodemographic and role characteristics displayed statistically significant differences in gender (t = -2.74, p= .007), age (F = 6.41, p= .002), profession (F = 0.01, p= .014), and COVID-19 response task (F= 3.01, p= .019). Specifically, role stress was higher for females than for males, those who were in their 20's (than 40's), a nursing profession (rather than others). Role stress was also higher in COVID-19 confirmed response work or in a self-quarantine work. There was a significant difference in trauma according to COVID-19 response roles (χ² = 26.59, p= < .001) and other tasks given or not (χ²= 9.48, p= .002). Conclusion: It is necessary to take measures to reduce COVID-19 response task force's role stress and trauma.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2012

암을 유발하는 phorbol ester로 알려진 Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)는 동물세포에서 신호전달 효소의 하나인 protein kinase C (PKC)를 활성화시킨다. 본 연구에서는 옥수수 일차뿌리에서 PMA가 에틸렌 생성을 통하여 굴중성 반응을 조절하는 효과를 연구하였다. PMA는 8시간 동안 $10^{-6}$ M과 $10^{-4}$ M에서 농도 의존적으로 뿌리 생장과 굴중성 반응을 촉진시켰다. 이러한 촉진 효과는 PKC의 억제제인 staurosporine (STA)에 의해 상쇄되었다. 이 결과는 굴중성 반응이 신호전달 체계에 관여하는 protein kinase C를 통하여 조절될 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 식물호르몬인 에틸렌도 뿌리 생장과 굴중성 반응에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 에틸렌 생성은 $10^{-6}$ M과 $10^{-4}$ M PMA에 의하여 각각 26%와 37% 증가하였다. PMA는 또한 ACC synthase (ACS) 활성을 촉진시켰다. 또한 이 증가 효과는 STA에 의하여 상쇄되었다. 이 결과는 옥수수 뿌리에서 굴중성 반응은 에틸렌 생성을 거쳐 protein kinase를 통하여 조절될 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 1996

This paper is the study of the diffusion constant in order to calculate the percent oxygenation and percent blood volume using reflectance light within biological tissue. The diffusion constant play major role in percent oxygenation and percent blood volume and varies with the biological material such as hemolyzed blood, whole blood, dermis and epidermis in vivo tissue. The diffusion constant can be modeled to consist of a contribution from bloodless tissue and blood present in tissue. The reflectance light for experimental are red light of 660nm, infrared light of 880nm, green light of 569nm. The correlation between the diffusion constant and biological tissue was analyzed by the intensity of reflectance light at different depth within human limb. The reflectance light was changed in response to physiological changes within biological tissue. The data for diffusion constant were obtained at different depth beneath the surface of the skin and will be utilized to amen the percent oxygenation and percent blood volume.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.72-74
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an adaptive PID controller using a cell-mediated immune response to improve a PID control performance. The proposed controller is based on the specific immune response of the biological immune system that is cell-mediated immunity. The immune system of organisms in the real body regulates the antibody and the T-cells to protect an attack from the foreign materials like virus, germ cells, and other antigens. It has similar characteristics that are the adaptation and robustness to overcome disturbances and to control the plant of engineering application. We first build a model of the T-cell regulated immune response mechanism and then designed an I-PID controller focusing on the T-cell regulated immune response of the biological immune system. We apply the proposed methodology to building structures to mitigate vibrations due to strong winds for evaluation of control performances. Through computer simulations, system responses are illustrated and additionally compared to traditional control approaches.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.281-292
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• 2016

Plants can recognize and respond in various ways to diverse environmental stresses, including pathogenic microorganisms, salt, drought, and low temperature. Salicylic acid (SA) is one phytohormone that plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was originally identified as a core protein that could function as a transcriptional co-regulator and SA receptor during systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a plant immune response that could activate PR genes after pre-exposure of a pathogen. Although the function of NPR1 in plant defense response and the role of SA hormone in the regulation of plant physiological processes have been well characterized, the biological role of NPR1 in plant abiotic stress responses is largely unknown. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the current understanding of NPR1 function in response to plant environmental stresses.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.178-187
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how college students' perceived stress, cognitive stress, and somatization affect their heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey research on 191 university students, registered at the G University. The perceived stress scale (PSS) and cognitive stress response scale, were used to assess level of stress. The somatization symptom scale of the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90), was used to assess level of somatization caused by stress. To assess heart rate variability (HRV), we conducted a five-minute test using a pulse wave analyzer, to analyze short-term HRV. Results: The SCL-90 somatization score had relatively high positive correlation (p< .001) with cognitive stress, but low positive correlation (p< .001) with perceived stress. Cognitive stress response had low negative correlation (p< .001) with 1nSDNN and 1nRMSSD among HRV parameters. Perceived stress was not correlated with HRV. Multiple regression analysis showed that variables of perceived stress, cognitive stress, and somatization symptoms, could not explain HRV. By contrast, one of the HRV indicators, 1nSDNN, was affected by age, gender, and aggressive-hostile thought, the latter being a subscale of the cognitive stress response scale. Conclusion: This study suggests that stress evaluation for people in early adulthood will be more effective, if the evaluation examines cognitive stress and heart rate variability.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2007

바이오디젤 (지방산 메틸에스테르)은 디젤 엔진의 대체에너지로서 현재 페트로디젤과 일정 수준으로 혼합하여 사용되고 있다. 바이오디젤의 생산에는 다양한 방법 및 공정이 개발되어 적용되고 있는데, 이 중 알칼리 촉매를 이용한 전이에스테르화 반응은 짧은 반응시간에도 높은 순도의 바이오디젤을 생산할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주도산 유채유를 대상으로 알칼리 촉매 (KOH)를 사용하여 반응표면 분석법을 적용하여 전이에스테르화 반응의 최적조건을 탐색하였다. 바이오디젤 생산 인자의 최적조건은 반응온도 59.7$^{\circ}C$, 촉매량 1.18%, 유지 대 메탄을 몰비 1:8.75, 그리고 반응시간 15.18분에서 생산물 중 약 97% 이상의 지방산 메틸에스테르 함량을 확보하였다.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.50-50
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• 2003

We have identified and analysed a putative response regulator two-component gene (CaSKN7) from Candida albicans and its encoding protein (CaSkn7). CaSKN7 has an open reading frame of 1677bp. CaSKN7 encodes a 559 amino acid protein (CaSkn7) with an estimated molecular mass of 61.1 kDa. CaSKN7 is a homologue of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SKN7 that is the regulator involved in the oxidative stress response. To study the role of CaSKN7, we constructed a CAI4-derived mutant strain carrying a homozygous deletion of the CaSKN7 gene. In the caskn7 disruptant cells, the formation of germ tube require shorter time than that in the congenic wild-type strain but the growth of mycelium delayed in liquid media. In contrast, the caskn7 disruptant cells attenuate the differentiation in solid media and the virulence in mouse model system. Expression level of hypha-specific and virulence genes - HYR1, ECE1, HWP1, and ALS1 - in the caskn7 disruptant cells increased as compared with that in the congenic wild-type strain in 10％ serum YPD. Skn7 in 5. cerevisiae was found to bind the HSE element from the SSA promoter, Also, CaSkn7 contains heat shock factor DNA-binding domain and the promoters of these genes have HSE-like sties. Therefore these results show that CaSKN7 regulate the differentiation and virulence of C. albicans.