• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

The fruits of Schisandra chinensis have been used as an edible ingredient and traditional medicine in Korea. Due to morphological similarities of dried mature fruits, the correct identification of S. chinensis from other closely related Schisandrae species is very difficult. Therefore, molecular biological tools based on genetic analysis are required to identify authentic Schisandrae Fructus. Random amplifed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) were used to develop an easy, reliable and reproducible method for the authentication of these four species. In this paper, we developed several RAPD-derived species specific SCAR markers and established a multiplex-PCR condition suitable to discriminate each species. These genetic markers will be useful to distinguish and authenticate Schisandrae Fructus and four medicinal plants, S. chinensis, S. sphenanthera, S. repanda and K. japonica, in species level.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.805-810
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• 2007

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of eight Hypericum electum populations in Korea. The six primers were produced 37 reproducible ISSR bands. Analysis of ISSR from individual plants of Korean H. erectum resulted in 22 polymorphic bands with 59.5%. Across populations, the mean number of alleles per locus was 1.348 and Shannon's information index was 0.203.Population Mt. Gyeryong had the highest expected genetic diversity (0.175) among all populations. When species were grouped by eight populations, within group diversity was 0.140 (Hs), while among group diversity was 0.472 (G$_{ST}$) on a per locus basis. The estimated gene flow (Nm) for H. erectum was very low (0.561). It is suggested that reproductive isolation by the isolation of geographical distance among H. electum populations and genetic drift may have played roles in shaping the population structure of this species. In phonetic tree, all populations were well separated from each other. Thus, ISSR markers are very effective in classifying natural population levels of genus Hypericum in Korea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.136-139
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• 2017

The genus Iksookimia (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) is a bottom-dwelling freshwater loaches, which are well-known as their endemism and high geographic variation. However, population genetic relationships among Iksookimia spp. have remained unclear due to a shortage of genetic markers that can be applied generally in the genus. Here, we developed high-resolving microsatellite markers using I. koreensis and I. longicorpa as representatives of Iksookimia species because of their wide distribution range and phylogenetic position. Ten of polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from Iksookimia koreensis and were successfully cross-amplified in I. longicorpa. The mean number of observed alleles per locus was about 10.4 (range, 2-17) for I. koreensis and about 13.2 (range, 2-24) for I. longicorpa. The loci, IK03 and IK08, deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in I. koreensis, after applying the Bonferroni correction. The microsatellite markers obtained in the present study will be useful to evaluate population genetic structure and to establish conservation strategies for I. koreensis and related Iksookimia species.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2012

Most genes are processed by alternative splicing for gene expression, resulting in the complexity of the transcriptome in eukaryotes. It allows a limited number of genes to encode various proteins with intricate functions. Alternative splicing is regulated by genetic mutations in cis-regulatory factors and epigenetic events. Furthermore, splicing events occur differently according to cell type, developmental stage, and various diseases, including cancer. Genome instability and flexible proteomes by alternative splicing could affect cancer cells to grow and survive, leading to metastasis. Cancer cells that are transformed by aberrant and uncontrolled mechanisms could produce alternative splicing to maintain and spread them continuously. Splicing variants in various cancers represent crucial roles for tumorigenesis. Taken together, the identification of alternative spliced variants as biomarkers to distinguish between normal and cancer cells could cast light on tumorigenesis.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 1997

The clinical efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) has fueled interest in the neurobiological basis of this illness. OCD is responsive exclucively to potent serotonin reuptake inhibitors clomipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, and paroxetine and this point forms the important evidence supporting a cental role for serotonin in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Other serotonergic medications such as lithium, buspirone, trazodone, or fenfluramine may be useful as adjuvant treatments in treatmentrefractory OCD and adjuvant antipsychotics are useful in tic disorders, personality disorders, and psychotic disorders. This paper reviews results of treatment studies, investigations of biological markers, and neuroendocrine challenges and implications for the role of serotonin in pathophysiology and treatment of OCD.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2011

In medicine, general clinical practice moves in the direction of early detection and intervention for the prevention of progressive disease. In psychiatry, research in subjects with the risk syndrome for psychosis, has been conducted for the prevention of schizophrenia, known as a devastating chronic disease. The inclusion of 'attenuated psychosis syndrome', based on the results of early intervention studies, is one of the major issues in the upcoming DSM-V. Further investigations are needed to find biological markers and endophenotypes to supplement the diagnostic criteria. In the future, adoption of clinical staging is promising to overcome the shortcoming of current diagnosis of schizophrenia. In clinical practice, more concerns are needed about attenuated psychotic symptoms which might be risk signals for the transition to psychosis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2022

The magelonid polychaete Magelona parochilis Zhou and Mortimer, 2013 is newly reported from South Korea. The Korean specimens correspond well to the original description of M. parochilis in having prostomium without horn, mucronate chaetae on chaetiger 9, superior dorsal lobes on chaetigers 1-8, ventral neuropodial lobes on chaetiger 9, smooth edged thoracic notopodial lamellae, and unidirectional tridentate hooded hooks on abdominal chaetigers. Partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) of the species were determined from Korean specimens. The detailed description and illustrations are provided with partial sequences of COI and 16S rDNA as molecular markers for species identification.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2009

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed to define the genetic variation and relationships of Artemisia capillaris. Fifteen populations by the distributions and habitat were collected to conduct RAPD analysis. RAPD markers were observed mainly between 300bp and 1600bp. Total 72 scorable markers from 7 primers were applied to generate the genetic matrix, and 69 bands were polymorphic and only 3 bands were monomorphic. The genetic dissimilarity matrix by Nei's genetic distance (1972) and UPGMA phenogram were produced from the data matrix. Populations of Artemisia capillaris were clustered with high genetic affinities and cluster patterns were correlated with distributional patterns. Two big groups were clustered as southern area group and middle area group. The closest OTUs were GW2 and GG1 in middle area group, and GB1 from southern area group was clustered with OTUs in middle area group. RAPD data was useful to define the genetic variations and relationships of A. capillaris.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.903-911
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• 2021

Previous studies have modified microbial genomes by introducing gene cassettes containing selectable markers and homologous DNA fragments. However, this requires several steps including homologous recombination and excision of unnecessary DNA regions, such as selectable markers from the modified genome. Further, genomic manipulation often leaves scars and traces that interfere with downstream iterative genome engineering. A decade ago, the CRISPR/Cas system (also known as the bacterial adaptive immune system) revolutionized genome editing technology. Among the various CRISPR nucleases of numerous bacteria and archaea, the Cas9 and Cas12a (Cpf1) systems have been largely adopted for genome editing in all living organisms due to their simplicity, as they consist of a single polypeptide nuclease with a target-recognizing RNA. However, accurate and fine-tuned genome editing remains challenging due to mismatch tolerance and protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)-dependent target recognition. Therefore, this review describes how to overcome the aforementioned hurdles, which especially affect genome editing in higher organisms. Additionally, the biological significance of CRISPR-mediated microbial genome editing is discussed, and future research and development directions are also proposed.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 2018

Population genetic assessment is essential for the conservation and management of endangered and rare plants. Neofinetia falcata is endangered epiphyte orchid and protected by law in Korea. In Korea, this species is only found on islands in the South Sea of Korea (including Jeju-do) and the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. We developed nine microsatellite makers to assess the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of three populations of N. falcata. The genetic diversity at the species level was low, which can be attributed to inbreeding or fragmentation into small, isolated populations. A recent bottleneck was detected in one population, likely due to overcollection. N. falcata exhibited moderated levels of differentiation among populations, with the three populations were divided into two clusters based on genetic structure. The genetic diversity and structure of N. falcata are affected by restricted gene flow by pollen or seeds due to isolation and geographic distance. Strategies for in situ and ex situ conservation of this species are been proposed based on the results of our study.