• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.10.1-10.6
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• 2012

Acupuncture works by stimulating peripheral sensory nerves and their endings causing an increase in cutaneous blood flow and microcirculation, as well as release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and hormones. SP6 Patch is a nanoscale nontransdermal device that mildly stimulates Stomach 36 (zusanli) and other acupuncture points. As stimulation of these points has been indicated to have an effect on hypothalamic function, it is of great research interest to investigate the effect of SP6 Patch on the physiology of organs that are affected by hypothalamic regulation. Bioelectrical tissue impedance data indicative of cellular physiologic organ function, using an Electro Interstitial Scan (EIS) system, were acquired from hypothalamus, pancreas, liver, intestines, kidneys, thyroid and adrenal glands in 10 (1 male, 9 females) volunteers while wearing the SP6 Patch daily for 1 week. EIS testing was performed at baseline with no patch, 30 min after wearing the patch, and after wearing the patch 12 h/day for 1 week. Subjects were instructed to keep well hydrated during the study period. All subjects served as their own control. The hypothesis was: The SP6 Patch worn 12 h/day on the Stomach 36 acupuncture point for 1 week, may significantly improve cellular physiologic functional status of different organs measured by EIS. All tested organs achieved significant improvement in their functional physiologic status after wearing the SP6 Pach 12 h/day for 1 week compared to baseline with an overall average statistical power > 89%. Based upon these results the hypothesis was accepted as true.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.16-25
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was designed to analyze the results of body composition test by Oriental medical examination. The subjects were workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. Methods: The subjects consisted of 24,077 industrial workers who had received Oriental medical examination and completed questionnaires about drinking history and smoking history, during 9 months from March to November. They were categorized by sex, age, job class, drinking history and smoking history. The percentage of body fat(%BF) and abdominal obesity(AO) were measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Jawon Medical, Seoul, Korea). We analyzed the relationship between sex, age, job class, drinking history, smoking history and %BF and AO using x$^2$-test of the SPSS Ver. 14.0. Results: Regarding the relationship between sex and %BF, AO, there was statistically significant difference as men had a significant higher level of %BF and AO than women. There was a positive correlation between age and both %BF and AO. Workers in their 40s especially showed a high level of AO. In job class, office workers and sales personnel were apt to have a higher level of %BF and AO than factory workers. %BF and AO of the drinker group showed a higher level than the non-drinker group. On the other hand, %BF and AO of the non-smoker group were higher than those of the smoker group. Conclusions: Companies should manage obesity closely and educate the workers to quit smoking for their health promotion. Furthermore, continuous health checkups need to be done systematically.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine whether bone mineral density changes in 55 young Korean college women aged 19 to 26 years over 2 years and nutritional and biochemical factors are related. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), ward's triangle (WT), and femoral trochanter (FT) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry three times at one-year intervals. Serum osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and urinary cross-linked N-teleopeptides of type collagen (NTx) were measured. Dietary intake was assessed 8 times with 24-hour recall method. Physical activity (PA) was obtained by questionnaire and body fat content was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and after 2 years. Analyses were performed on 34 subjects with all three BMD measurements. The BMDs at the lumbar spine gradually increased over 2 years, while the BMDs of three sites at the femur were sustained or increased. The mean OC, PTH had a similar pattern with the change of BMD at the femur. The mean NTx decreased over 2 years but was still higher than those in other studies. BMI, body fat, vitamin A and zinc intake had a significant correlation with LS-BMD. Femur, PTH, body fat, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$and calcium intake had a significant correlation with WT-BMD and was mostly influenced by diet. By multiple regression analysis, it was shown that the significant factors affecting the LS-BMD were BMI and vitamin A intake and those affecting FN and WT were age, BMI, PTH and calcium intake. These results indicate that some Korean women still experience increases in BMD and that this was associated with PTH and vitamin A and calcium intake. Therefore, proper diet and diet management is needed to increase changes in BMD among college women.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2014

This study was conducted to assess diet-related health appraisal for cardiometabolic diseases of the college students in Gyeonggi-do. The survey data obtained by 21 questionnaire(6 general characteristics and 15 food behaviors) given to 90 students, 41 males and 49 females. The average age of the subjects was 22.2 years old for the male students and 20.9 years old for the female students(p<0.001). Among the subjects, 35 males and 47 females' height, weight and percentage of body fat were measured using bioelectrical impedance(Inbody 720). The average height, weight, Body Mass Index and percent body fat of the subjects were 175.7cm, 69.5kg, 22.4 and 16.9% for males and 162.0cm, 53.5kg, 20.4 and 27.7% for females, respectively (p<0.001). Male students had a higher prevalence of smoking compared with female students(p<0.001). Females had higher intake frequency of fruits than males(p<0.05). Males had higher intake frequency of fishes than females(p<0.05). Male students had higher number of side dishes at mealtime compared with female students. There were no difference between the sexes in intake frequency of dairy, ramyeon, rice with whole grain, 3-layered pork belly, processed meat, soft drinks, soy products and fast food. Also, there were no difference between sexes in number of vegetables per day, frequency of eating out, prevalence of eating kimchi at every meal. Cardiometabolic risks were calculated by 'Diet-related health risk appraisal'. Male students had higher cardiometabolic risks(hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, abdominal obesity) than female students(p<0.001). Appropriate nutritional education for college male students may help to prevent cardiometabolic diseases in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1099-1103
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• 2005

This study aims to confirm the importance of behavior habit and exercise, especially leg exercise in obese. Out of 889 people, We divided Group A 50 (BMI<18.5), Group B 210 $(18.5{\leq}BMl<23)$, Group C 202 $(23{\leq}BMI<25)$, Group D212 $(25{\leq}BMI<30)$ and Group 1215 (30

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2006

Purporse : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a health promoting lifestyle and body composition in university students. The study subjects were 194 university students who attended K-university located in Chungnam. Methods : The data was collected between March 2 and May 31, 2004. The instrument used for this study was the modified Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist, & Pender(1987). The body composition was measured by In Body 3.0, a Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer. The data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program by t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficients. Results : The results of this study are as follows: 1) The scores of the Health Promoting Lifestyle(HPL) ranged from 79 to 170, with a mean score of 110(±15.8). The mean scores of sub-categorical HPL were self-actualization 31.8(±4.9), health responsibility 17.0(±4.0), exercise 8.3(±3.2), nutrition 15.4(±3.7), interpersonal relationships 20.3(±3.5) and stress management 17.2(±3.4). 2) The HPL according to the subjects' general characteristics had significant correlation to exercise amount(F=8.09, p＜.01), drinking amount(F=6.56, p＜.01), perceived health status(F=19.2, p＜.01) and perceived health knowledge (F=15.9, p＜.01). 3) The total HPL did not significantly correlate with any categories in body composition. The exercise area of sub-categorical HPL had significant positive correlation to height (r=.199, p＜.01), weight(r=.181, p＜.05) and soft lean mass(r=.257, p＜.01), and negative correlation to percent body fat(r=-.255, p＜.01) in body composition. Conclusion : The results suggest that the exercise area of sub-categorical HPL was an important variable for an exercise program's development such as nursing intervention for the health promotion of university students.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.140-148
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• 2003

This study examined the relationship between body fitness and body composition as well as the body fluid and intracellular fluid (ICF) of extremities to determine body composition's quantitative criteria for body fitness. Multiple-frequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis and the physical fitness test provided by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were used to measure body composition and physical fitness, respectively. The test results showed that in women in their fifties, the correlation between the amount of body fluid in the upper limbs and grip strength was r=.654 (p<0.01) for the right arm and r=.445 for the left while that between the amount of ICF in the upper limbs and grip strength was r=.708 (p<0.01) for the right and r=.323 for the left. Also, in women in their fifties, the correlation between the amount of body fluid in the lower limbs and the result of a repetitive side jump test was r=.730 for the right leg and r=.753 for the left (p<0.01 for both), and that between the amount of ICF and the counts for the right and left legs was even higher with r=.742 and r=.763, respectively (p<0.01 for both). The body fluid and ICF volumes in the right extremities exceeded those in the left, and physical fitness was correlated with both body fluid and ICF. These findings indicate a connection between physical fitness and body fluid and ICF, suggesting that body composition may help predict physical fitness.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.977-985
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• 2003

This study was done to evaluate the health and nutritional status of female college students in Seoul. The subjects were 63 healthy college students aged 20 to 29 years. Their body composition, dietary intakes, clinical blood indices were investigated. Their body composition was determined by means of a multifreqency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Their dietary intake was determined using 3-day record method and their nutrient intake was analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professional (CAN-pro). Their hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were determined by semi-automated microcell counter (F-520). Their plasma total cholesterol, TG, and HDL-cholesterol levels were measured using test kits. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. Their average consumption of calcium, iron vitamin A, vitamin B2 and niacin were 63.3%, 65.0%, 85.2%, 89.2% and 95.2% of RDA, respectively. The overall mean values of the hematological indices in the female college students were within the normal range. However anemic subjects with hemoglobin (< 12 g/dl) and hematocrit (<36%) accounted for about 20% of the subjects. The mean levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TG were 188.4mg/dl, 69.9mg/dl and 67.4mg/dl, respectively. The percentages of the subjects with plasma total cholesterol level (> 200mg/dl) and LDL-cholesterol (＞130mg/dl) were about 41% and 30.4%, respectively. The data showed a significantly positive correlation between either body fat (%) or BMI and TG. However. there was a significantly negative correlation between either body fat (%) or BMI and HDL-cholesterol. These overall results suggest that it is necessary for college women to be educated regarding consuming more iron and vitamin C and less fat, in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia and/or cardiovascular diseases in later life.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.342-353
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• 2017

Purpose: This study evaluated the changes in nutritional status based on quality of life (QoL) item-level analysis to determine whether individual QoL responses might facilitate personal clinical impact. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated QoL data obtained by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach (QLQ-STO22) as well as metabolic-nutritional data obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis and blood tests. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at the 5-year follow-up. QoL was analyzed at the level of the constituent items. The patients were categorized into vulnerable and non-vulnerable QoL groups for each scale based on their responses to the QoL items and changes in the metabolic-nutritional indices were compared. Results: Multiple shortcomings in the metabolic-nutritional indices were observed in the vulnerable groups for nausea/vomiting (waist-hip ratio, degree of obesity), dyspnea (hemoglobin, iron), constipation (body fat mass, percent body fat), dysphagia (body fat mass, percent body fat), reflux (body weight, hemoglobin), dry mouth (percent body fat, waist-hip ratio), and taste (body weight, total body water, soft lean mass, body fat mass). The shortcomings in a single index were observed in the vulnerable groups for emotional functioning and pain (EORTC QLQ-C30) and for eating restrictions (EORTC QLQ-STO22). Conclusions: Long-term postoperative QoL deterioration in emotional functioning, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnea, constipation, dysphagia, reflux, eating restrictions, dry mouth, and taste were associated with nutritional shortcomings. QoL item-level analysis, instead of scale-level analysis, may help to facilitate personalized treatment for individual QoL respondents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify how accurately body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) detect obesity in young adult women. Method: Measurements of height, weight, WC, and percent body fat (% BF) were obtained and bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body fat in 329 female college students. The sensitivity and specificity to screen obesity by BMI and WC were determined using SPSS. Received operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the appropriate BMI and WC predicting % BF. Results: % BF-defined obesity $(\geq30%)$ had higher prevalence than BMI-defined obesity $(\geq25kg/m^2)$ and WC-defined obesity $(\geq80cm)$. BMI $\geq25kg/m^2$ and WC $\geq80cm$ had high specificity (both, 100%), but low sensitivity (respectively, 13.5% and 22.9%) in detecting % BF-defined obesity. The BMI and WC cutoff values corresponding to % BF-defined obesity were 21.2kg/$m^2$ and 73cm, which were lower than recommended reference values for Korean women. These values decreased specificity but increased sensitivity to detect obesity. The areas under the ROC curve were good (0.84, 0.86) for BMI and WC. Conclusion: BMI and WC have good specificity but miss more than $77\sim86%$ of people with excess fat. Therefore, BMI and WC cutoff values need to be revised and body fat should be considered when screening for obesity in young adult women.