• 한국패류학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

전남 여수시 가막만에서 양식되고 있는 피조개를 대상으로 2008년 12월부터 2009년 11월 동안 근육, 내장낭 및 몸체의 생화학적 체성분의 변동과 생식주기간의 관계를 계절적인 변동과 관련하여 조사하였다. 피조개 양식장의 월별 평균 수온은 겨울에 $7-12^{\circ}C$, 여름에 $20-25^{\circ}C$였으며, 염분은 평균 30.1-33.8‰에서 변화하였다. 영양염의 계절적 변화는 9월에 최대 ($13.04{\mu}g/L$) 를 보였으며, 연 평균농도는 $4.6{\mu}g/L$였다. 피조개의 주산란기는 7-8월이었으며, 겨울동안 생식소는 불활성기를 나타내었다. 단백질함량은 내장낭에서 낮았다. 체성분 가운데 가장 큰 변화는 내장낭내 지질과 탄수화물이었으며, 기관별 단백질은 연중 비교적 일정하였다. 내장낭은 생식주기 동안 가장 큰 변화를 보였으며, 내장낭내 수분과 지방의 함량은 다소 역관계를 보였다. 지방함량의 최대시기인 불활성기에 수분이 최소였으며, 산란 직후 지방함항은 가장 낮았으며, 지방이 소모되면서 수분함량이 증가하였다. 내장낭내 단백질 량은 근육에 비해 낮았다. 내장낭의 탄수화물, 지방 단백질은 생식소 발달과정동안 에너지원으로서 주요한 역할을 하며, 먹이가 부족한 시기에 기초대사유지를 위해 이용될 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2002

대구 및 대구 인근 경북지역 초등학교 4∼5학년에 재학 중인 남아 42명, 여아 55명을 대상으로 조사대상자들의 비만도에 따른 신체 계측치와 체성분 측정치, leptin를 비롯한 생화학적 자료들을 비교 분석하고, 이들 인자들간의 상호 관련성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 여러 가지 방법으로 비만을 판정한 결과 체질량지수 25를 기준으로 하였을 때 비만군의 분포는 총 조사대상자의 30.9%, 상대체중 120%를 기준으로 하였을 때는 27.8%, 체지방을 25% 이상을 기준으로 했을 때는 56.7%로 나타났다. 체질량지수와 상대체중 상호간에는 높은 상관성 (r = 0.87, p <0.01)을 나타내었으나, 체지방율과는 중 정도의 상관성을 나타내었다 (r = 0.54, r = 0.59, p < 0.01). 2) 신체계측 및 체성분 분석 결과, 비만군이 대조군보다 신장, 체중 체지방량 제지방량, 근육량, 체지방을, 복부지방을, 체질량지수, 상완위 근육둘레가 남녀 모두 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 특히 남아의 경우 비만군이 근육형태의 분포에서는 대조군과는 달리 저근육형 과체중의 분포가 매우 높게 나타났고, 신체발달점수도 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 전체 조사대상자의 반 이상이 상하체 균형이 허약한 것으로 나타났다. 3) 혈액의 생화학적 검사 결과, 남아의 경우 HDL-cholesterol을 제외한 모든 측정치가, 여아의 경우 중성지방과 iron의 농도가 비만군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 혈중 leptin농도는 남녀 모두 비만군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나, 성별에 따른 혈중 leptin농도는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 대조군에서는 여아가 남아보다 비만군에서는 오히려 남아가 여아보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 4) Leptin농도와 신체계측치 및 체성분 측정 치와의 관계에서 혈청 leptin함량은 측정된 모든 신체 계측치 및 체성분 분석치와 유의적인 높은 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 다변량분석 결과 전체대상자 중에서는 체질량지수가. 비만여부에 따라 분석하였을 때 대조군의 경우는 총지방량이 비만군의 경우는 체질량지수가 각각 독립적으로 leptin 농도에 실질적으로 예언력을 갖는 것으로 나타나 체지방 분포도에 따른 차이보다도 총체지방량 및 체질량지수와 관련이 더 있음을 보여주었다. 5) Leptin농도와 생화학적 지표와의 관련성을 분석한 결과, leptin 농도는 HDL-cholesterol를 제외한 측정된 모든 생화학적 지표와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 다변량분석 결과 전체대상자 중에서는 total-cholesterol, iron, 중성지방, ferritin의 농도가 각각 독립적으로 leptin 농도에 실질적인 예언력을 갖는 것으로 나타났고 비만 여부에 따라 분석하였을 때 비만군에서만 total-cholesterol, iron의 농도가 각각 독립적으로 leptin농도에 실질적인 예언력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 생선폐기물의 혐기성 소화처리를 위한 생선폐기물의 혐기성 생분해 특성을 평가하기 위해 serum bottle을 이용한 BMP(Biochemical Methane Potential) test를 수행하였다. 어판장에서 배출되는 생선폐기물 중 고등어 손질 시 발생되는 폐기물 중 내장을 제외한 부분과 갈치손질 시 발생되는 폐기물 중 내장을 제외한 부분, 생선손질 시 발생되는 내장류 3개 군을 실험대상 기질로 선정하여 사용하였다. 각각의 생선폐기물들을 분쇄 후 serum bottle에 11 50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml씩 혐기적으로 넣은 다음 BMP test를 실시하였으며 실험의 정확도를 위하여 동일 시료에 대하여 3개씩 중복으로 조제하여 실험하였다. 배양시간에 따른 누적 메탄가스 생성량과 메탄생성속도를 평가하였다. 이들 값들은 기질의 특성에 따라 다르기는 하나 통상 휘발성 고형물 (Volatiles Solids: VS) 1 kg당 420-470 ml의 메탄가스를 생성하는 것으로 나타났다. 기질 종류별로 볼 경우 갈치와 고등어군에 비하여 내장 군이 고형물 단위 중량당 메탄발생량과 분해속도 측면에서 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. 대상 시료에 대해 원소분석을 실시한 결과, C/N비는 5.2로 나타났다. 원소분석 자료를 근거로 계산한 이론적인 최종 메탄생성량은 $522ml{\cdot}CH_4/g{\cdot}VS$로 나타났다. 이를 본 실험에서 구한 실제 최종 메탄생성량과 비교해 볼 때 생분해도는 0.847로 평가되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.607-611
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different water temperatures on growth, survival, biochemical composition, and blood physiological parameters of juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri. Feed-trained juvenile fish were subjected to four water temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 29℃) with two replicate groups. The fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily using a formulated diet containing 55% crude protein and 6% crude lipid. After the 8-week feeding trial, survival was >96% in all groups. Weight gain and feed efficiency of fish reared at 26 and 29℃ were higher than those reared at 20℃. The protein efficiency ratio, daily feed intake, and whole body proximate composition were not affected by water temperature. These results indicate that a suitable water temperature range for optimal growth and feed efficiency of juvenile mandarin fish is 26-29℃ under these experimental conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 2014

The electrochemical performance of Li-S cells was investigated in various ternary electrolyte solutions composed of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (TGM), and 1,3-dioxolane (DOX). The discharge capacity values and cycle data obtained at each composition were statistically treated with the Minitab program to obtain mixture contour plots, from which the optimal composition of the ternary solvent systems was predicted. The discharge capacities and capacity retention were quite dependent on the electrolyte composition. It was estimated from the contour plots of the capacity at 1.0 C that the discharge capacity sharply increased with a decrease in the TGM content. High capacities greater than 900 mAh/g at 1.0 C were expected for the electrolyte composition with a volume ratio of DME/TGM/DOX = 1/0/1. In contrast, it was predicted from the mixture contour plot of the capacity retention that the cycle performance would significantly increase with an increase in the DME content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1593-1597
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• 2000

In the quiescent state, cattle-manure slurry stratifies into three discernible layers, namely a floating scum layer, a bottom sludge layer and a watery middle layer. The proportions of top (scum), middle and bottom (sludge) layers were approximately 20, 60 and 20% respectively of the volume of the whole slurry. Particulate matter from the different stratified layers was characterised for particle size distribution and cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Total solids concentrations of top, middle and bottom layers were 12.7, 2.8 and 7.4% respectively. Larger particles were found in the top layer compared with the bottom. The top layer contained the highest amounts of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose, but the lowest amount of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN). The bottom layer contained the highest amounts of Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) and TKN. With increase in particle size, there were increases in NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose, accompanied by decreases in ADL and TKN. Biochemical methane potential of the three layers was also measured. The top layer was found to produce the most methane with the middle layer producing the least. Biomethanation rate from the top layer was also the highest. Differences in biomethanation rates and biochemical methane potential were attributed to differences in chemical composition of the particulate matter. About 48%, 23% and 30% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the top, middle and bottom layers respectively of the slurry was found to be degradable.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.697-704
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• 1995

Chicken calvarial bone is known to contain various cell types, but their exact composition is unknown. By characterizing the chicken calvarial bone biochemically, it can be used to study biochemical, histochemical actions of bone cells in general. Calvaria of 18-day-old white leg horn embryo was aseptically dissected and bone cell populations were isolated by sequential enzymatic digestion. Histochemical study for osteoclast-like bone cell. population was performed with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) stain and for osteoblast-like bone cell population, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stain was performed. Biochemical study for osteoblast-like bone cell population was performed using alkaline phosphatase(ALP) assay. Following conclusions were obtained from this study. 1. TRAP positive multi and mononuclear cells were mostly observed in group I and II, indicating that osteoclast-like bone cell population is mostly found in these groups. 2. All the cultured groups showed almost equal ALP activities and were positive for ALP stain, indicating that osteoblast-like bone cell population is evenly dispersed in all culture groups. 3. Experimental group treated with $1,25(OH)_{2}D_3$ showed increase in ALP activity in contrast to the control group, confirming previous studies that $1,25(OH)_{2}D_3$ increases ALP activities in in vitro bone cultures. 4. Results from von Kossa's stain indicated that in vitro bone formation had occured after 3 weeks of culture with beta-glycero phosphate.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.136-139
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• 2014

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the severe nosocomial infectious agents. The traditional diagnostic methods including biochemical test, antibiotic susceptibility test and PCR amplification are time consuming and require much work. The Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biosensor is a rapid and powerful tool for analyzing the chemical composition within a single living cell. To identify the biochemical and genetic characterization of clinical MRSA, all isolates from patients were performed with VITEK2 gram positive (GP) bacterial identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST). Virulence genes of MRSA also were identified by DNA based PCR using specific primers. All isolates, which were placed on a gold coated nanochip, were analyzed by a confocal Raman microscopy system. All isolates were identified as S. aureus by biochemical tests. MRSA, which exhibited antibiotic resistance, demonstrated to be positive gene expression of both femA and mecA. Furthermore, Raman shift of S. aureus and MRSA (n=20) was perfectly distinguished by a confocal Raman microscopy system. This novel technique explained that a SERS based confocal Raman microscopy system can selectively isolate MRSA from non-MRSA. The study recommends the SERS technique as a rapid and sensitive method to detect antibiotic resistant S. aureus in a single cell level.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1996

A storage protein(SP-2) was confirmed in haemolymph during larval-pupal-adult development of tobacco burdworm(Helicoverpa assulta Guenee), and its biochemical characteristics were investigated. The titer of SP-2 showed a peak at mature larva, decreased gradually through the late pupal stage, and became undetectable at adult period. As the results from electrophoretic mnysis, SP-2 was confirmed to be glycolipoprotein(M.W. 332kDa) relatively stable to heat( $\leq$ 68$^{\circ}C$ ). This storage protein was determined to be a tetramer composed of a single subunit with MW of 83kDa, and the isoelectric point was 5.7. The amino acid composition of the SP-2 was characterized. It has relatively high content of methionine and histidine, whereas the contents of tyrosine and phenylalanine were relatively low.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1523-1529
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• 2016

Soybean meal (SBM), a commonly used protein source for animal feed, contains anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oligosaccharides among others, which limit its utilization. Microbial fermentation using bacteria or fungi has the capability to improve nutritional value of SBM by altering the native composition. Both submerged and solid state fermentation processes can be used for this purpose. Bacterial and fungal fermentations result in degradation of various anti-nutritional factors, an increase in amount of small-sized peptides and improved content of both essential and non-essential amino acids. However, the resulting fermented products vary in levels of nutritional components as the two species used for fermentation differ in their metabolic activities. Compared to SBM, feeding non-ruminants with fermented SBM has several beneficial effects including increased average daily gain, improved growth performance, better protein digestibility, decreased immunological reactivity and undesirable morphological changes like absence of granulated pinocytotic vacuoles.