• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary quercetin on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and blood antioxidant activity in broiler chickens. Three hundred twenty one-day old Ross broilers were divided 8 treatments (C(-), basal diet; C(+), basal diet with antibiotics; vitamin E 20 IU; vitamin E 200 IU; quercetin 20 ppm; quercetin 200 ppm; methoxylated quercetin 20 ppm; methoxylated quercetin 200 ppm) with 4 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Birds were reared for 35 days and their feed intake and weight gain were measured weekly. At 35d, eight birds of average weight from each replicate were selected for blood collection and analysis. Weight gain of birds in the groups fed quercetin was higher when compare to NC but there was no significant difference. In the serum, creatinine, BUN and AST in quercetin groups significantly decreased compared to those of control (NC and PC) (P<0.05). The contents of IgA and IgM were significantly lower in quercetin groups than those of NC (P<0.05). SOD like activity and MDA content tended to decrease in quercetin groups, however, there was no significant difference among treatments. In conclusion, supplemental quercetin to poultry diet could be positive aspect on performance and blood metabolites. Optimum adding levels was more than 20 ppm.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.390-400
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• 2010

This study is aimed to test physiological and hematological actions of Rheum palmatum through clinical pilot study optimized for usual oriental medicine prescription. Thirty-one cases were finally collected and the sample extract 100 $m{\ell}$ of Rheum palmatum (ERP) was administered two times in a day during 3 days and checked with blood CBC test, urinalysis, liver function test, abdominal X-ray as well as general diagnostic process of oriental medicine; pattern identification, assessment of shapes and constitution. The total toxic effective rate of ERP was 9.68% in 3 cases of the whole in case of consistent uneasy state in the subjective symptomatic assessment and aggravation of blood and urine examination. The relevant diagnostic factors were so-eum constitution and essence type subject, carapaces species, lung type in the aspect of Jisan shape theory. On the other hand, the positive effective rate of ERP was 29.03% manifesting improvement of vital signs or present illness and no abnormal changes of blood chemistry and urinalysis and simple abdomen radiology. The relevant diagnostic factors were tae-eum constitution, energy type subject, aves species, heart and liver type in Jisan's shape theory. And the other cases were manifesting no specific change through the administration of ERP. The ratio of the numbers of decrease and increase was 44:5 in the tenderness and hardness of abdominal palpation. But if the pattern identification doesn't comply with the aim of rhubarb application despite of constipation and abdominal pain, the tendeness and biochemical report was shown in abnormal change. The mean number of diarrhea by ERP was $16.77{\pm}6.95$ during 3 days after administration, and the frequent areas of abdominal pain were lower>middle>upper in order, and it meant the target site of ERP too. Besides, the toxic reaction against ERP was expressed highly in case of decrease in blood cell count and hemoglobin, hematocrit having blood deficiency syndrome. Likewise, the toxicity of ERP was influenced by pattern identification manifesting present disease condition and diagnostic factors of four constitutions, Jisan's shape theory collaterally. In conclusion, evaluation of herbal toxicity in order for using as a clinical guideline, various diagnostic pattern information and shape features like the above should be studied together with other pharmacologic toxicology test for the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.857-868
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• 2004

Since the self-purification capacity of rivers in Korea is significantly controlled by environmental maintenance flow supplied by upstream reservoirs during drought season, it is obviously important to operate the river and reservoir systems considering not only water quantity aspect but also conservation of downstream water quality and ecosystem. In this study, an unsteady river water quality model KORIVl- WIN was developed as a tool for evaluating the impact. of reservoir operations on the downstream water quality. The model parameters were calibrated and verified using field data obtained in Geum River on September and October of 2002, respectively. Intensive data sampling was performed on November 22, 2003 to investigate the effect of a short-term flushing discharge of Daecheong Reservoir, which increased outflow from 30 $m^3$/s to 200 $m^3$/s for 6 hours, on downstream water quality. The model performance was evaluated by comparing simulated results with observed data including hydraulics, biochemical oxygen demand(BOD$_{5}$), nitrogen and phosphorus species during the flushing event. It showed very good performance in predicting the travel time of flushing flow and water quality variations of dissolved forms of nitrogen and phosphorus species, while revealed large deviations for BOD$_{5}$ possibly due to missing the effect of organic matters resuspension from river bottom sediment during the wave front passage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.973-979
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• 2011

The grape cultivar Campbell Early has high levels of malic acid as well as tartaric acid. The high concentration of total acid in the Campbell Early wine is a critical aspect of the wine's sensory characteristics. To prevent the deterioration of the wine's quality, which is caused by the strong sour taste derived from the raw material in wine making, the deacidification factor was investigated via carbonic maceration under different temperature conditions, especially in the presence or absence of malolactic bacteria. Based on the results of the presence test of the malolactic bacteria during carbonic-maceration treatment, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Streptococcus thermophilus were characterized morphologically and were identified via biochemical tests and 16S-rRNA-gene-sequencing analysis. The isolated strains were found not to consume malic acid and to produce lactic acid. Moreover, these strains were consumed as soluble solids. The isolated strains are popularly known as lactic-acid bacteria and should have produced lactic acid from glucose. The Oenococcus oeni of the malolactic bacteria was not isolated. These results showed that the isolated strains are not deacidified during carbonic-maceration treatment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.629-635
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• 2018

In this study, the safety aspect of Maesil-cheongs with reduced amygdalin levels was investigated in terms of toxicokinetics and repeated oral toxicity. Plasma or UVC treatment was utilized to obtain Maesil-cheongs with reduced amygdalin levels. The toxicokinetic study demonstrated that the oral absorption of amygdalin decreased remarkably after a single-dose oral administration of both plasma- and UVC-treated Maesil-cheongs. The fourteen-day repeated oral toxicity study revealed that plasma- or UVC-treated Maesil-cheongs did not cause changes in body weight, food intake, water consumption, and absolute and relative organ weights. No significant effects on hematological and serum biochemical parameters were found. Histopathological examination showed no abnormality or toxicological change. These findings suggest that plasma- and UVC-treated Maesil-cheongs have no toxicity potential, and these processes will be useful to obtain products with safe, reduced amygdalin levels.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2008

A nutritional demand of oyster, Crassostrea gigas larva as part of research for improving of utilization of microalgae being used for the artificial oyster seed production. The change of body growth and biochemical compositions of larvae were investigated during larvae rearing in hatchery. The larvae were cultured in 60 M/T tank and fed mixture 6 different phytoplankton species, Isochrysis galbana (30%), Cheatoceros gracilis (20%), Pavlova lutheri (20%), Phaeodactylum triconutum (10%), Nannochryis oculata (10%) and Tetraselmis tetrathele (10%). The initial feeding amount was $0.3{\times}10^4cells/mL$ at three times a day to D-shaped larva and the feeding amount had been increased 30% gradually every two day since the larvae were raising. The larvae were developed from D shape to pediveliger stage for 12 days. The daily growth of shell length and hight were $5.8{\sim}30.8\;{\mu}m$ and $8.7{\sim}31.4\;{\mu}m$, respectively and weight gains were changed from D shape to pediveliger as follow: wet weight was $0.52{\sim}15.0\;{\mu}g/larva$, dry weight was $0.2{\sim}6.5\;{\mu}g/larva$, and ash free dry weight was $0.1{\sim}8.5\;{\mu}g/larva$. The larvae growth pattern shown a logarithmic phase from D shape to umbone stage but after that stage shown a exponential growth aspect. The crude protein, crude lipid and nitrogen free extract (NFE) of larvae during rearing periods were analyzed as $6.1{\sim}10.6%$, $0.6{\sim}1.1%$ and 1.0-2.7%, respectively. And the total amino acid contents of the larvae during rearing periods were in order as glutamic acid $1.26{\sim}2.24%$, aspartic acid $0.97{\sim}1.70%$, and methionine $0.12{\sim}0.33%$. Of the total fatty acid in the analyzed larvae, the saturated fatty acid (SSAFA) was decreased from 54.3% (D shaped larvae) to 17.1 % (pediveliger) as larvae development but the total mono-unsaturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}MOFA$) and Poly-unsaturated fatty acid (${\Sigma}PUFA$) were increased from 29.9% and 7.8% to 40.6% and 45.6%, respectively. By the way the each fatty acid of the larvae were composed of palmitic acid $9.89{\sim}36.95%$, oleic acid $12.17{\sim}32.29%$, linoleic acid $1.96{\sim}33.55%$, EPA $2.17{\sim}11.58%$ and DHA $1.95{\sim}4.51%$. As a result of this study, the larvae of oyster were demanded a various nutrients for healthy growth and the feeding control, expecially after umbone stage larvae are a rapidly growing time, is very important for success of artificial seed production.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2007

Two isolates of genus Acinetobacter were obtained from Jang-Baek waterfall in North Korea. Morphological characteristics of the isolated 2 strains were Gram-negative, aerobic and rod shape bacteria. Physiological and biochemical characterization of the isolated 2 strains were some different aspect from those of type strains. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the two isolates shared 99.9% sequence similarity. Strains JB10 and $JB15^{T}$ were shown to belong to the Gammaproteobacteria and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity to Acinetobacter tandoii $4N13^{T}$ (97.3%), Acinetobacter haemolyticus $ATCC17906^{T}$ (97.2%), Acinetobacter johnsonii $DSM6963^{T}$ (97.2%), Acinetobacter junii $DSM6964^{T}$ (96.7%), Acinetobacter schindleri $LUH5832^{T}$ (97.0%) and Acinetobacter ursingii $LUH3792^{T}$ (96.6%). The major cellular fatty acid in Acinetobacter type strains and isolated strains included $C_{18:1}\;{\omega}9c\;and\;C_{16:1}\;{\omega}7c/C_{15:0}\;iso\;2OH$. Eventhough it was ascertained that the isolated strains were closely related to genus Acinetobacter, physiological and biochemical characteristics and the result of the isolated strains 16S rDNA analysis indicate some different aspects from those of type strains of genus Acinetohacter It is considered that the isolated JB10 (=KEMC 52-093) and $JB15^{T}\;(=KEMC\;52-094^{T})$ strains be new species of genus Acinetobacter. We name it as Acinetobacter koreensis sp. nov.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.550-556
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• 1985

In order to evaluate the marine mollusc muscle as foodstuff not only from the biochemical aspect but also from the view point of food science, we have analyzed the protein and amino acid compositions of the echiurid (Urechis unicinctus) and sea hare (Aplysia kurodai) muscle. The protein quality of the muscles was also investigated using in vitro methods based on in vitro digestibility, predicted digestibility, computed PER (C-PER) and discriminant computed PER(DC-PER). The remarkable feature of the protein compositions of the both muscles was that water soluble protein occupied a large amount of the muscle protein with fairly lower contents of the salt soluble protein. From the analysis of SDS-PAG electrophoresis, the sarcoplasmic proteins in the echiurid and the sea hare muscles were composed of 15 and 10 subunits, respectively. The free amino acid compositions of the total amino acids in the echiurid and sea hare muscle were characterized with $75\%$ of glycine and alanine, and with $78\%$ of taurine, respectively. The amino acid anaylsis of both muscle proteins showed that the echiurid muscle was rich in glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and lysine, but was poor in cysteine, while the sea hare muscle was rich in glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine, but was negligible in cysteine and tryptophan. In the total amino acid profiles of the freeze dried muscles in echiurid and sea hare, there was not found a significant difference compared to the amino acid compositions of the muscle proteins. Predicting the protein quality of the echiurid and sea hare muscles using the in vitro method, it was apparently low compared to the muscle protein of fishes.