• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 1982

This experiment was carried out to investigate the minerals content and post-mortem biochemical change of broiler leg and breast muscle during hot and cold storage period. The leg and breast muscle samples were stored at $2^{\circ}C$and $30^{\circ}C$ for 32 hours, and analyzed 0, 4, 8, 32 hours after slaughter, the results obtained as follows (1) Minerals composition were different between breast and leg muscle. (2) Total nitrogen content changed according to the storage period and temperature in the breast (P<0.005) and the leg (P<0.005) (3) The Content of phosphate (P<0.005), magnesium (P<0.005), sodium (P<0.025) in breast muscle was higher than in the leg mucle, and did not change according to the storage period and temperature. (4) Calcium and iron contents were not different between breast and leg muscle but significantly changed according to the storage period and temperature. (5) Sodium content was not different among the various factors, and pH was different between leg and breast (P<0.005) muscle, and ultimate pH was appeared at 8 hours of slaughter, but 20 hours of slaughter in hot stored breast muscle. (6) pH decline in cold stored breast muscle was faster than in the hot stored. (7) Penetration value was higher in the breast muscle than in the leg muscle (P<0.005) (8) Regormortis were not occurred in cold stored breast muscle and hot stored leg muscle, but occurred in cold stored leg muscle and hot stored breast muscle at 4 hours after slaughter.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

Renal dysfunction could be developed as the secondary disease of liver cirrhosis. Delayed or suppresed lipid peroxidation by the treatment with physiological active substances could be explained as the antioxidative and protective effect in tissue damage. In this study, we investigated an antioxidative effect and renal function improvement of Hovenia dulcis in liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) induced rats. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (180∼210 g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ mixture treated group, AC-HV: CCl₄ mixture+ Hovenia dulcis treated group) and renal damage was developed by CCl₄ mixture administration in 4 weeks (0.8 ㎖/rat). The tissue of kidney and liver and sera were used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity, MDA and Hyp. The histological change and gene expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and a1(IV) mRNA were observed by Masson's trichrome staining and RT-PCR. As a result, the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function (AST and ALT) in sera of AC-HV group showed significantly 46.4% and 104.8% lower (p<0.005), and the level of ALP and BUN as the parameter of protein urine and azotemia showed 17.8 % and 25.8 % lower than in AC group. In AC-HV group, the concentration of MDA in kidney and liver was decreased significantly 15.8% and 21.3% when compared with AC group (p<0.01 -0.005). The content of Hyp in kidney of AC-HV group is merely higher than in AC group, in contrast to liver tissue. The expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and collagen α1(IV) mRNA was decreased in AC, but both of collagen mRNA in normal and AC-HV group expressed fast similar. More massive lipid droplets, thicker collagen fiber bundles in portal triads and more formation of portal central septum were observed in the liver of AC group than in AC-HV group. In conclusion, CCl₄ mixture intoxication could be developed not only liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) but also renal dysfunction by the massive lipid peroxidation and suppression of interstitial collagen and basement membrane collagen synthesis. And the water extract of Hovenia dulcis may be possessed the antioxidative and protective effect and improvement of kidney function in renal dysfunction induced rats.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2015

Currently, detecting biochemical differences before and after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for improved prediction of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major clinical challenge. In this pilot study, we analyzed the kinetics of circulating adipokine levels in patients with or without aGVHD before and after allogeneic SCT. Serum samples were obtained and stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ within 3 hours after collection, prior to conditioning and at engraftment after transplantation. A protein array system was used to measure the levels of 7 adipokines of patients with aGVHD (n=20) and without aGVHD (n=20). The resistin level at engraftment was significantly increased (p<0.001) after transplantation, regardless of aGVHD occurrence. In the non-aGVHD group, the concentrations of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (mean values${\pm}$SD; $206.6{\pm}34.3$ vs. $432.3{\pm}108.9pg/ml$, p=0.040) and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) (mean values${\pm}$SD; $3,197.2{\pm}328.3$ vs. $4,471.8{\pm}568.4pg/ml$, p=0.037) at engraftment were significantly higher than those of the pre-transplant period, whereas in the aGVHD group, the levels of adipokines did not change after transplantation. Our study suggests that changes in serum HGF and ANG-2 levels could be considered helpful markers for the subsequent occurrence of aGVHD.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 1998

Recently, the number of patients who received Bone Marrow Transplantation(BMT) has been increased dramatically and the diseases for which BMT if efficacious are increasing. Adequate nutritional card for BMT patients is crucial for the success of BMT because nutritional deficiency could provoke deteriorative effects. However, little is known about nutritional status among BMT patients in Korea. This study was conducted to assess oral and parenteral intake of BMT patients and compare the change of nutritional status before and after BMT. Twenty-two BMT patients who were admitted to the Severance hospital from December in 1995 to September in 1997 participated in the study. Total calorie requirements were calculated for each patients individually and nutritional support for each patients consisted of oral and parenteral feeding. To assess oral intake of BMT patients, each patients recorded the amount of food they have eaten from 6 days before BMT to 28 days after BMT. The medical records of each patients were used to assess parenteral intake. To compare the nutritional status before and after BMT, the results of anthropometric and biochemical test from 14 days before BMT to 28 days after BMT were used. At the time of admission, the patients were in allowable nutritional status and their total calorie intake was 93% of total calorie requirement. When the preparative regimen for BMT was started, the patients' oral intake was dramatically decreased below 400kcal/day. Even though their oral intake was increased after BMT, their oral intake at the 4th week after BMT was only 752kcal/d, which is only 35.8% of total calorie requirement. The patients' mean oral intake during BMT period (from 6 days before BMT to 28 days after BMT) was only 439kcal/d. Although Total Parenteral Nutrition(TPN) was added when the preparative regimen was started, the patients' mean total caloric intake during BMT period was 111% of basal energy expenditure and 83% of total calorie requirement. The mean total protein intake was only 58% of total protein requirement. In the comparison of nutritional status between pretransplant phase and posttransplant phase in BMT patients, their body weight and serum albumin level were significantly decreased(p<0.001). These results show inadequacies in nutritional intake among BMT patients, and indicate the need of TPN during BMT period.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of body composition, biochemical index level, resting metabolic rate and daily activities by the public health center's health-promoted program in overweight middle aged women. The workout program of 12 subjects constituted by exercise(aerobic exercise & resistance training) and nutritional education for 10 weeks. As the results, there was a significant decrease in all the weight(59.0$\pm$8.9 vs 57.2$\pm$8.3kg, p<0.05), body fat percentage(33.4$\pm$4.3 vs 30.5$\pm$4.5%, p<0.05) and body fat mass(19.8$\pm$5.4 vs 17.7$\pm$4.9kg, p<0.05) after program. Fat free mass and RMR which tend to be higher after than before program were found not to be significantly. In addition, the serum HDL-cholesterol(54.3$\pm$8.1 vs 59.7$\pm$13.9mg/dl, p<0.05) and TG level(65.2$\pm$418 vs 89.4$\pm$65.6mg/dl, p<0.05) of the subjects increased at the end of the study significantly and significant correlation found between total-cholesterol and TG before program. When the other laboratory parameter were compared before and after program, hematocrit(35.1$\pm$3.3 vs 39.7$\pm$3.3%, p<0.001), platelet(225.9$\pm$49.6 vs 244.3$\pm$49.7cell/ul, p<0.05) and fasting glucose(88.0$\pm$6.5 vs 76.6$\pm$9.7mg/dl, p<0.001) increased significantly but hemoglobin(13.3$\pm$1.3 vs 12.9$\pm$1.3mg/dl, p<0.01) decreased. And in activities analysis, 'moderate activity(18.8 vs 5.8minutes, p<0.05)' clearly showed a significant decrease but 'severe activity(17.7 vs 11.4minutes, p<0.05)' showed a increase. These results suggest that continuous health-promoted program involved exercise and nutritional education at the public health center are effective to reduce body fat and to improve resting metabolic rate(RMR). Further research is required to develop more effective public health program for the middle aged women in community.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1390-1394
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• 2008

Previously, we found that the transgenic rice plants over-expressing the Arabidopsis $H^+/Ca^{2+}$ antiporter CAX 1 (accession no. U57411) gene accumulated 2.7 to 7.5-fold more calcium in the T3 rice grains as compared to those of control. To examine physiological safety of the $T_3$ rice grains, the effect of the $T_3$ brown rice on change in levels of body weight and white blood cells was compared with that of the control Ilpum brown rice by feeding trial in mice. During the feeding trial for one month, there was no significant difference between two mice groups, which were fed by the $T_3$ brown rice or Ilpum brown rice. There were no detectable differences in their effects on immune functions including plaque-forming unit, peritoneal macrophage number, and NK-cell activity. In addition, biochemical analysis of the blood failed to exhibit any difference between two mice groups. Together, these results suggested that the $T_3$ brown rice, which was produced from a genetically modified organism (GMO), might be safe and possess a potential to be applicable as calcium-fortified feed or food. Long-term safety of the $T_3$ brown rice, however, remains to be elucidated.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1308-1312
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• 2016

Heavy metals such as gallium (Ga) cause serious physiological damage to exposed organisms, mostly of aquatic species. Ga one of the inter-metallic, transition elements increasingly being used in making high-speed semiconductors, such as Ga arsenide. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of Ga on acute toxicity, serum biochemical changes, and erythrocyte morphological changes in the blood stream of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Median lethal concentrations were determined in acute tests. The 96 hr $LC_{50}$ value was 9.15 mg/ml. Goldfish were exposed to different Ga concentrations (2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/ml) for 30 days to assess its toxic effects. The results indicate that the measured serum biochemistry parameters (including glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride) of the Ga-exposed fish groups differed significantly from the untreated fish group. In addition, a change in the erythrocytes' morphology at a high concentration (8.0 mg/ml) of Ga exposure shows respiratory problems. Our results suggest that 2.0 mg/ml is proposed as a biologically safe concentration that can be used for establishing tentative water quality criteria concerning the same-size goldfish.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.951-957
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• 2017

To understand the cytotoxic activity of Machilus thunbergii, which has been used as a traditional oriental medicine, the mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of its extract on human acute Jurkat T cells was investigated. The methanol extract of roots (3 kg) of M. thunbergii was evaporated, dissolved in, and then extracted by water. The water-extracted active substance was designated MTWE. When Jurkat T cells were treated with MTWE at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$, the apoptotic phenomenon of cells accompanying several subsequent biochemical reactions, such as mitochondrial cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, and ICAD degradation, was detected in the Jurkat T cells. Moverover. the expression of Bcl-xL, which is a suppressor for mitochondrial cytochrome c release pathway, was reduced in the Jurkat T cells. As DUSP6, a growth suppressor of cancer cells, ranged from 0, 25, 50, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of MTWE, the expression level was elevated in the Jurkat T cells. The apoptotic morphological change of the nuclei was observed by DAPI staining. Although the potential involvement of the other factors and DUSP6 is currently being investigated in more detail, these findings support the notion that MTWE is able to achieve the apoptosis of Jurkat T cells, and it seems that MTWE is useful as a method of evaluating a chemotherapeutic agent or tonic materials for human acute leukemia.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the change of antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and variation of blood physiology in olive flounder (Paralyticus olivaceus) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Blood parameters were measured 1, 3 and 5 hours after H2O2 treatment with 0 (control), 100, 300 and 500 ppm for 1 hr. The value of hematocrit was decreased significantly dependently on treatment concentrate and elapsed time in the treatment of H2O2. Hemoglobin concentration in the test groups were lower than that of the control group. Red blood cell value in the test groups were significantly lower compared to that of the control group, but recovered to the level of the control group after 5 hr. Protein concentration was significantly lower compared to that of the control group at 0 and 1 hr, but recovered after 3 hr in 500 ppm treatment group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were observed to be increased. Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) was significantly increased compared to that of control group in all of the test groups. HSP70 mRNA groups was highly expressed in 500 ppm treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2014

Yuza (Citrus junos) had 3 varieties and they had variable physiochemical properties. This study analyzed free sugar, hesperidine, naringin, flavonoid contents and antihypertensive activities according to variety and harvest time of Yuza. Three Yuza varieties, native (C. junos I), improved I (C. junos I + Poncirus trifoliata), improved II (C. junos I + C. junos II) were used. Harvest time could influence biochemical properties of Yuza such as acidity and $^{\circ}brix$. When the Yuza harvested at behind of season, the sugar/acid ratio went up because the acidity was decreased but sugar content was increased. Fructose content was dramatically high at November, Yuza of the season. Total flavonoids was high in pulp parts of improved II and in juice of native one harvested at October. The content of hesperidin and naringin in peels and juices were high in immature fruits fresh-picked at July since then they were decreased steadily and there were no difference according to varieties. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition was powerful at pulp of Yuza in particular native one picked at November.