• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Objectives : Ongyeong-tang (OGT) is a traditional herbal formula used to cure gynaecological disorders. OGT consists of 12 herbal medicines containing various bioactive components. Therefore, the development of suitable analytical method for the marker compounds is necessary for the quality control of OGT. Methods : Determination of the 18 marker compounds in OGT preparations was quantitatively performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection analysis. The marker compounds were separated on a reversed-phase C ₁₈ column and the analytical method was successfully validated, which was applied to compare OGT extracts from laboratory preparation and commercial OGT granules. Results : Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were in the ranges of $0.001-0.016{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.003-0.047{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Precision was 0.03-3.71 % within a day and 0.03-3.81 % over four consecutive days. Recovery of marker compounds ranged from 90.63-108.26 %, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values < 4.0 %. Reproducibility was < 2.5 % of the RSD value. The 18 marker compounds were stable within 16 h at $10^{\circ}C$, with the RSD value < 3.5 %. Quantitative analysis results showed that the quantities of the 18 marker compounds varied among OGT samples. Pearson coefficient evaluation and principal component analysis demonstrated that an OGT water extract produced by a laboratory method clearly differed from commercial OGT granules. Conclusions : The developed analytical method was simple, precise, and reliable. Therefore, it can be used for the quality assessment of OGT preparations.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

A traditional herbal formula, Gyeji-tang has been used to treat the early colds, headache, chills, and fever in Asian countries. In this study, we were performed simultaneous determination of the 14 bioactive marker compounds, gallic acid, spinosin, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, liquilitigenin, coumarin, cinnmamic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamaldehyde, glycyrrhizin, and 6-gingerol in Gyeji-tang using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Analytical column was used a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) and maintained at $45^{\circ}C$ with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consists of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive and negative modes by a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS system. The calibration curves of 14 bioactive marker compounds showed linearity with correlation coefficients ${\geq}0.9798$. The limits of detection and quantification values were in the range of 0.11-6.66 ng/mL and 0.34-19.99 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the established LC-MS/MS method, the amounts of tested 14 compounds in the lyophilized Gyeji-tang sample were detected up to $85.7{\mu}g/g$. These results may be useful for quality assessment of a traditional herbal formulas.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.146-147
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 2009

Volatile flavor compounds from the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai were extracted by HE (Hydrodistillation extraction), SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation & extraction), and SFE (Supercritical fluid extraction system), and analyzed by GC-MS. The amount and the number of chemical components in essential oils from shoot and root by SFE was the higher than those by other extraction methods. Respectively, thirty one constituents were identified from the essential oil of the shoot and root by HE, twenty seven and twenty three constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SDE, thirty one and forty five constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SFE. The result showed large differences in extraction methods and in plant parts of Angelica gigas Nakai. Also, the bioactive compounds in root part was identified as nodakenin and decursinol (11.95% and 8.42%, respectively) by SFE. These results suggested that SFE was the best extraction method for the increasing of extraction yield, the determination of volatile components and the increasing of bioactive compounds in the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2019

In this study, the marker compounds of Curcumae Rhizoma (CR) were simultaneously quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector and the anti-inflammatory effects of CR extract and marker compounds in human benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial-1 (BPH-1) cell lines were investigated. The marker components (4S,5S)-(+)-germacrone-4,5-epoxide, furanodienone, and germacrone, were separated on Gemini $C_{18}$ columns ($250mm{\times}4.6mm$, $5{\mu}m$) at $40^{\circ}C$ by using a gradient of two mobile phases eluting at 1.0 mL/min. Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) levels in Human BPH-1 cells were determined with an ELISA kit. The coefficients of determination in a calibration curve of each analyte were all 0.9997. The limits of detection and quantification of the three compounds were $0.10-0.32{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.30-0.98{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The content of three compounds, (4S,5S)-(+)-germacrone-4,5-epoxide, furanodienone, and germacrone, in the CR sample were found to be 5.79 - 5.92 mg/g, 4.72 - 4.86 mg/g, and 1.06 - 1.09 mg/g, respectively. Regarding pharmacological activity against benign prostatic hyperplasia, CR and its components significantly suppressed $PGE_2$ levels of BPH-1 cells. The established analysis method will help to improve quality assessment of CR samples and related products. In addition, CR and its components exhibit antiinflammatory activity in BPH-1 cells, suggesting the inhibitory efficacy of these compounds against the pathogenesis of BPH.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.82-89
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• 2020

A systematic isolation and characterization study for Cassia auriculata (CA) seeds resulted in identifying antidiabetic compounds 1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone and quercetin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and ellagic acid. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography based triple quadrupole mass spectrometry methodology was developed and validated for simultaneous identification and confirmation of these compounds from CA seeds. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) based quantification method was developed with MRM optimizer software for MS1 and MS2 mass analysis. The method was optimized on precursor ions and product ions with the ion ratio of each compound. The calibration curves of seven bioactive analytes showed excellent linearity (r2 ≥ 0.99). The quantitation results found precise (RSD, < 10 %) with good recoveries (84.58 to 101.42%). The matrix effect and extraction recoveries were found within the range (91.66 to 102.11%) for the CA seeds. This is the first MS/MS-based methodology applied to quantifying seven antidiabetic compounds in CA seeds and its extract for quality control purposes.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.171-182
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• 2023

Objectives : Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR) and Glehniae Radix (GR) have been frequently used in traditional medicine to treat diseases related to 'wind' syndrome, but there have been cases where it has been mixed in a state where the plant of origin is not clear. In this study, to select materials for conducting preclinical cerebral infarction research, the network pharmacology analysis method was used to select suitable medicinal materials for the study. Methods : In this study, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) based network pharmacology analysis method was used, and oral bioavailability (OB), drug likeness (DL), Caco-2 and BBB permeability were utilized to select compounds with potential activity. For the values of each variable used in this study, OB ≥ 20%, DL ≥ 0.18, Caco-2 ≥ 0, and BBB ≥ -0.3 were applied, then networks of bioactive compounds, target proteins, and target diseases was constructed. STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Results : It was confirmed that SR rather than GR has various target proteins and target diseases based on network pharmacological analysis using TCMSP database. And it was analyzed that the bioactive compounds only in SR act more on neurovascular diseases, and both drugs are expected to be effectively used for cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions : In our future study, SR will be used in an ischemic stroke mouse model, and the mechanism of action will be explored focusing on apoptosis and cell proliferation.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

Plants are a traditional source of many chemicals used as biochemical, flavors, food, color, and pharmaceuticals in various countries, especially India. Most herbal medicines and their derivatives are often made from crude extracts containing a complex mixture of various phytochemical chemical components (secondary metabolites of the plants). This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from the different parts of the plant from the ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis (leaves, flower, stem) by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of various compounds like 3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol, hexanoic acid, D-mannose, and N-decanoic acid. Hence, the Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis may have chemopreventive, anti-cancer, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant, anti-diabetic activity, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract. These phytochemicals are supported for traditional use in a variety of diseases.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to select the seeds of Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae genotypes in terms of superior with bioactive compounds content and to inform sophisticated data for developing the high value-added products. We evaluated to aspects of the antioxidant activity, polyphenol content, and flavonoid contents in seeds from two vegetable family. We used in the Cucurbitaceae(watermelon, squash, bitter gourd, and sponge gourd) and Solanaceae(hot pepper, sweet pepper, and egg plant) the total 408 genotypes. In Cucurbitaceae, polyphenol content of watermelon and squash genotypes were ranged 19.9-343.8 and $6.1-81.2mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;DW$, respectively. The polyphenol content of watermelon genotypes was 12% among all genotypes over $160mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;DW$. The mean of flavonoid content in watermelon and squash genotypes represented 80 and $41.3mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;DW$, respectively. In Solanaceae, flavonoid content of hot pepper genotypes was ranged $64.4-472.5mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;DW$, with an average of $165.0mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$. The 23 hot pepper genotypes were classified over 90% antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of sweet pepper was ranged 35.9-90.3%, and 23% of all genotypes represented 82% antioxidant activity. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of egg plant was ranged $38.1-642.0mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;DW$ and $14.2-1217.0mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;DW$, respectively. In addition, we selected that 8 egg plant with the superior genotypes for antioxidant activity, polyphenol, and flavonoid content. Results revealed that there was significant variation of antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds contents in both vegetable famaily. In addition, we suggested that selected genotypes seeds with high contain bioactive compounds will be more efficiency to develop natural value-added products.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.397-401
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• 2016

The quality control is a fundamental procedure for the standardization of herbal medicine to guarantee the consistency of efficacy and safety. For a long time, the quality analysis of herbal medicine has been largely dependent on the routine sensory evaluation, such as taste, smell, color, and shape. However, with the recent development of analytical instruments, various scientific approaches have been introduced in this field. On the basis of the theory that the biological activities of herbal medicine are mainly contributed by its chemical compositions, several types of chemical markers have been suggested for the quality evaluation. In addition to the analytical methods for the specific marker compound(s), including analytical marker and active marker, recently, chemical fingerprinting, a method comparing the chromatographic pattern of the whole chemical components, has been developed and widely accepted as a reliable approach for the quality control of herbal medicine. Moreover, in order to exactly understand the relationship between complex compounds and their holistic biological activities in herbal medicine, unique strategies, such as "BECCs (bioactive equivalent combinatorial components)" and "PhytomicsQC" have been established. In this article, we give an overview of the several categories of chemical markers and the recent research trends for the quality evaluation of herbal medicine.