• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.6
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• pp.699-706
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• 2009

The convergence tendency accelerates the realization of the ubiquitous healthcare (u-Healthcare) between the technology including the power generaation and IT-BT-NT of the ubiquitous computing technology. By rapidly analyzing a large amount of collected from the sensor network with processing and delivering to the medical team an u-Healthcare can provide a patient for an inappropriate regardless of the time and place. As to the existing u-Healthcare, since the sensor node all transmitted collected data by using with the Zigbee protocol the processing burden of the base node was big and there was many communication frequency of the sensor node. In this paper, the u-Healthcare system in which it can efficiently apply to mobile apparatuses it provided the transfer rate in which it is superior to the bio-signal delivery where there are the life and direct relation which by using the Bluetooth instead of the Zigbee protocol and in which it is variously used in the ubiquitous environment was designed. Moreover, by applying the EEF(Embedded Event Filtering) technique in which data in which it includes in the event defined in advance selected and it transmits with the base node, the communication frequency and were reduced. We confirmed to be the system in which it is efficient through the simulation result than the existing Electrocardiogram Measurement system.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

A ketone body (acetoacetic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) increases from blood or urine when bio-energy dependence pays more fatty acid than glucose. However, in case oxidation of fat is greater than the capacity of the citric acid cycle the fatty acid oxidation is made from acetoacetyl CoA to acetoacetate then, again form β-hydroxyburytic acid to acetone, the diffusion take place into the blood. Enzymes that oxidize ketone body in the brain and nerve tissue blood ketone dody is increased during prolonged fasting, brain used it as energy. In this study, we developed the rapid two step derivatization method for sensitive detection of the ketone body by GC-MS/SIM. The plasma was deproteinized and then the hydroxy and carboxyl groups of ketone body are subjected to extraction and drying then, keto-group were derivatized with hydoxylamine at 60℃ for 30 min for oximation. Then it was trimetyl-silylated with BSTFA at 80℃ for 30 min and analyzed using a GC-MS. The linear ranges were in between 0.001 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for β-hydroxy butyrate, and acetoacetate. The method detection limits were below 0.1 pg over each target compound determined. The mean recoveries (%) of target compounds were ranged from 88.2 % to 92.3 % at 1 µg/mL, from 89.5 % to 94.8 % at 10 μg/mL, with RSD of 6.3-9.4 %. This method could be applied to quantification of ketone bodies which are seen in the keto-acidosis in children and adults from a variety of diseases that cause ketones in the blood and urine.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.433-457
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• 2011

This study attempts to make a constructive contribution to the debate on which WTO rules accommodate trade measures for environmental purposes. Does trade undermine the regulatory efforts of governments. However, the theoretical dimensions are partly addressed on the several key questions. For instances, is economic integration through trade and investment a threat to the environment? to control pollution and resource degradation? Will economic grow driven by trade help us to move towards a sustainable use of the world's environmental resources? The growing world economy has been accompanied by environmental degradation including deforestation, losses in bio-diversity, global warming, air pollution, depletion of the ozone layer, overfishing and so on. The sheer number of us obviously put pressure on natural resources and ecological systems, and this pressure will counting to rise as we grow towards 10 billion in the next century. What is more, there is no indication that consumption per capita is slowing. The perceived costs of acting alone in terms of lost investments and jobs often take the stream out of regulatory initiatives. In the worst case scenario environmental community is fearful that international trade will magnify the effects of poor environmental polices in the world Generally, economic growth drive by trade may speed up the process of environmental degradation unless sufficient environmental safeguards are put in place. Under these circumstances, this paper attempts to make a constructive contribution to the study on which WTO rules accommodate trade measures for environmental purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.836-847
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• 2016

Water soluble oil was obtained by pyrolysis of biomass. The characteristics of emulsified fuel by mixing water soluble oil and MDO(marine diesel oil) and engine emissions were studied with engine dynamometer. Saw dust was used as biomass. Water soluble oil was obtained by condensing of water and carbon content with pyrolysis of saw dust at $500^{\circ}C$. Emulsion fuel was obtained by emulsifying MDO and water soluble oil by the water soluble oil mixing ratio of 10 to 20% of MDO. Exhaust gas detection was performed with engine dynamometer. While combustion, micro-explosion took place in the combustion chamber by water in the emulsion fuel, emulsion fuel scattered to micro particles and it caused to smoke reduction. The heat produced from water vapour reduce the temperature of internal combustion chamber and it caused to inhibition of NOx production. It can be verified by the lower exhaust temperature of each ND-13 mode using emulsion fuel than that of MDO fuel. The NOx and smoke concentration were reduced by increasing water soluble oil content in the emulsion fuel. The power also decreased according to the increment of water soluble oil content of emulsion fuel because emulsion fuel has low calorific value due to high water content than MDO. As a result of ND-13 mode test with 20% bio oil content, it was achieved 25% reduction in NOx production, 60% reduction in smoke density, and 15% reduction in power loss.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.753-759
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• 2011

Protected crop production has been popular in Korea as well as in other countries. Intensive and continuous monitoring and control of the environment, which is labor- and time-consuming, is critical for stable crop productivity and profitability, otherwise damage could be happened due to unfavorable ambient and soil conditions. In the study, potential utilization of smartphone and remote access application in protected crop production environment was investigated. Tested available remote access applications provided functions of mouse click (left and right buttons), zooming in and out, and screen size and color resolution control. Wi-Fi data communication speeds were affected by signal intensity and user place. Data speeds at high (> -55 dBm), medium (-70~-56 dBm), and low (< -71 dBm) signal intensity levels were statistically different (${\alpha}=0.05$). Means of data communication speed were 6.642, 4.923, and 2.906 Mbps at hot spot, home, and office, respectively, and the differences were significant at a 0.05 level. Smart phone and remote access application were applied successfully to remote monitoring (inside temperature and humidity, and outside precipitation, temperature, and humidity) and control (window and light on/off) of green house environment. Response times for monitoring and control were less than 1 s at all places for high signal intensity (> -55 dBm), but they were increased to 1 ~ 10 s at home and office and to 10 ~ 30 s at hot spot for low signal intensity (< -71 dBm) for Wi-Fi. Results of the study would provide useful information for farmers to apply these techniques for their crop production.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.472-487
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the effects of floral fragrances on human brain waves and moods. A total of 44 subjects participated in this experiment. Group 1 consisted of 11 male and 14 female college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (${\pm}2.23$) and Group 2 consisted of 10 males and 9 females with a mean age of 54.3 years (${\pm}2.98$). Subjects were exposed to floral fragrances of Rosa hybrida, 'Hera' (hereafter referred to as "rose"), Cymbidium faberi (hereafter referred to as "orchid"), or odorless control flowers (hereafter referred to as "control"). Experiments took place in three rooms (rose, orchid, and control). Electroencephalographs (EEGs) were recorded during exposure to the odors and the data were processed using quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) techniques. The changing EEG patterns were analyzed by brain mapping and compressed spectral arrays, and the subjects' preferences (hedonic evaluations) were quantified with an A1 index. Increased activation of absolute alpha waves was verified on six of the eight EEG channels, with the right frontal and left occipital lobes exhibiting no changes and the left parietal region showing the greatest activation. According to the QEEG measurements in the electrode sites over the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, the strongest absolute alpha waves were induced in the parietal lobes, followed by the temporal lobes, with the other lobes showing no significant changes. On brain maps, the orchid fragrance induced greater absolute alpha and absolute mid-beta activities compared with the rose and control fragrances, and the rose fragrance induced high absolute mid-beta activation. To identify emotional responses to floral fragrances, the subjects were requested to fill in a questionnaire and the resulting odor-related emotional descriptors were analyzed using semantic differential and factor analysis. Principal component analysis identified "elegant" as the first principal component describing the floral fragrance, followed by "refreshing" and "aromatic." The subjects gave orchid higher scores for "elegant" and "refreshing," while finding rose more "aromatic." Differences in hedonic evaluation revealed by the A1 index appeared in the 65-115 sec range of scent exposure time. The subjects with ages of around 50 years showed olfactory preferences throughout the entire experimental time of 160 sec, most markedly in the later time segment (115-165 sec), showing an increasing preference with increasing exposure time. We conclude that rose fragrance can improve concentration by creating an aromatic environment conducive to a concentrated and calm state of mind, and orchid fragrance can make people feel pampered and relaxed by creating an elegant and refreshing environment.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.3
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• pp.74-89
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• 2021

The Korean Society of Ginseng (KSG) was founded on September 26, 1975 with approximately 100 members. The first issue of the Korean Journal of Ginseng Science was published in English on December 1, 1976. However, the journal in English version lasted only one year, and the journal was instead published in Korean from 1978. In 1998, the names of the ginseng society and the journal were changed to the Korean Society of Ginseng and Journal of Ginseng Research (JGR), respectively. Four issues ofJGR were published in that year. JGR has again been published in English from Vol. 34 starting in 2010 and has been indexed in SCIE and SCOPUS since 2010 and PubMed Centralsince 2012. Since 2016, JGR has been published by the Elsevier. The impact factor (IF) of JGR has continuously increased - from the first IF of 2.259 in 2012 to 3.898 in 2015, and 5.487 in 2019. This year, the IF ofJGR ranked second among 122 domestic SCI journals and won first place worldwide in Integrative & Complementary Medicine category. The Society has published the semi-annual news magazine, Korean Ginseng Research and Industry since 2007. In March 2019, in addition to the scientific JGR, the Korean Society of Ginseng published the first issue of the Journal of Ginseng Culture on humanities and social sciences related to ginseng. To enhance international academic exchanges of ginseng, KSG organized for the first time, the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng (ISOG) in 1998. Afterwards, the ISOG has been held every four years, and the proceedings have been published. The KSG has also published various books, including Understanding of Korean Ginseng, Ginseng Research during the Past 20 Years, and 30-year History of the Korean Society of Ginseng, etc.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.115-143
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• 2021

Mt. Hwang-ak, as a temple forest belongs to Baekdudaegan. flora investigation was conducted to better know of current natural environment. At the same time, For the understanding of planted plants which is in the traditional Korea buddhism temple for landscape, research on Jikji temple had taken place during 2019 April to October with 12 times. As a result, the list of plants at Mt. Hwang-ak was classified as a total of 534 taxa comprising of 96 families, 312 genus, 462 species, 4 subspecies, 59 varieties, 9 forma. This listed plants could be classified as 4 categories by each standard. the listed plants were 14 species of Korean endemic plants, 13 species of Rare plants data book in korea, 34 species of Invasive Alien Plants in South Korea with 10% of Urbanization Ratio and 6% of Naturalization Ratio respectively, 167 species of List of Medicinal Resources Plants in Korea. In the Temple of Jikji, could find 81 species of planted plants that widely distributed all around the temple for landscape. Compared to other temple, We could observed 51% of species were overlapping, Among them, 9% of species overlapping with more than three temples.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of stress and cumulative stress in 49 people and the changes of job stress, socio-psychological stress and anxiety relief levels by conducting a survey of 85 people after Gyorae forest bathing. Methods: The level of stress was measured using the uBioMacpa, and questionnaire was conducted to derive the data. Results: In the stress level after the forest bath, the control group showed no significant and the experimental group showed a significant decrease in the bathing (p<.043). In the cumulative stress change, the control group showed no significant difference after the bathing, but experimental group decreased significantly (p<.02), and in the variance analysis, there was a significant difference between the groups, and also between the group and the before and after tests (p<.002). In the questionnaire about job stress, there was no significant difference in physical environment and job demand. Overall, in the case of job stress, there was a significant decrease (p<.001). Job autonomy, relationship conflict, organizational unfairness, inadequate compensation, and workplace culture also had a significant decrease in stress (p<.001). The social psychological stress was significantly decreased after bathing (p<.001). The state anxiety decreased significantly (p<.001) after forest bathing. Conclusions: After the forest bathing in the Gyorae forest, the stress and anxiety are both reduced and significant, providing basic information that is very helpful as a natural healing place for stress relief.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.474-480
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• 2016

In this study, formation background of biodiversity and its changes in the process of geologic history, and effects of climate change on biodiversity and human were discussed and the alternatives to reduce the effects of climate change were suggested. Biodiversity is 'the variety of life' and refers collectively to variation at all levels of biological organization. That is, biodiversity encompasses the genes, species and ecosystems and their interactions. It provides the basis for ecosystems and the services on which all people fundamentally depend. Nevertheless, today, biodiversity is increasingly threatened, usually as the result of human activity. Diverse organisms on earth, which are estimated as 10 to 30 million species, are the result of adaptation and evolution to various environments through long history of four billion years since the birth of life. Countlessly many organisms composing biodiversity have specific characteristics, respectively and are interrelated with each other through diverse relationship. Environment of the earth, on which we live, has also created for long years through extensive relationship and interaction of those organisms. We mankind also live through interrelationship with the other organisms as an organism. The man cannot lives without the other organisms around him. Even though so, human beings accelerate mean extinction rate about 1,000 times compared with that of the past for recent several years. We have to conserve biodiversity for plentiful life of our future generation and are responsible for sustainable use of biodiversity. Korea has achieved faster economic growth than any other countries in the world. On the other hand, Korea had hold originally rich biodiversity as it is not only a peninsula country stretched lengthily from north to south but also three sides are surrounded by sea. But they disappeared increasingly in the process of fast economic growth. Korean people have created specific Korean culture by coexistence with nature through a long history of agriculture, forestry, and fishery. But in recent years, the relationship between Korean and nature became far in the processes of introduction of western culture and development of science and technology and specific natural feature born from harmonious combination between nature and culture disappears more and more. Population of Korea is expected to be reduced as contrasted with world population growing continuously. At this time, we need to restore biodiversity damaged in the processes of rapid population growth and economic development in concert with recovery of natural ecosystem due to population decrease. There were grand extinction events of five times since the birth of life on the earth. Modern extinction is very rapid and human activity is major causal factor. In these respects, it is distinguished from the past one. Climate change is real. Biodiversity is very vulnerable to climate change. If organisms did not find a survival method such as 'adaptation through evolution', 'movement to the other place where they can exist', and so on in the changed environment, they would extinct. In this respect, if climate change is continued, biodiversity should be damaged greatly. Furthermore, climate change would also influence on human life and socio-economic environment through change of biodiversity. Therefore, we need to grasp the effects that climate change influences on biodiversity more actively and further to prepare the alternatives to reduce the damage. Change of phenology, change of distribution range including vegetation shift, disharmony of interaction among organisms, reduction of reproduction and growth rates due to odd food chain, degradation of coral reef, and so on are emerged as the effects of climate change on biodiversity. Expansion of infectious disease, reduction of food production, change of cultivation range of crops, change of fishing ground and time, and so on appear as the effects on human. To solve climate change problem, first of all, we need to mitigate climate change by reducing discharge of warming gases. But even though we now stop discharge of warming gases, climate change is expected to be continued for the time being. In this respect, preparing adaptive strategy of climate change can be more realistic. Continuous monitoring to observe the effects of climate change on biodiversity and establishment of monitoring system have to be preceded over all others. Insurance of diverse ecological spaces where biodiversity can establish, assisted migration, and establishment of horizontal network from south to north and vertical one from lowland to upland ecological networks could be recommended as the alternatives to aid adaptation of biodiversity to the changing climate.