• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 1996

The mass action on the assimilation and dissimilation of a living system from bio-molecules to bio-spheres has been demonstrated by the theoretical models as the bio- and trophic-functions From the viewpoint of this bio-mechanics, the general principle on the pre-equilibrium of the bio-molecular system is found. Key words: Mass action, Living system, Bio-molecule, Bio-sphere, Bio- and trophic function.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.280-282
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• 2005

A ribonucleic acid (RNA) is one of the two types of nucleic acids found in living organisms. An RNA molecule represents a long chain of monomers called nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides of an RNA molecule constitutes its primary structure, and the pattern of pairing between nucleotides determines the secondary structure of an RNA. Non-coding RNA genes produce transcripts that exert their function without ever producing proteins. Predicting the secondary structure of non-coding RNAs is very important for understanding their functions. We focus on Nussinov's algorithm as useful techniques for predicting RNA secondary structures. We introduce a new traceback matrix and scoring table to improve above algorithm. And the improved algorithm provides better levels of performance than the originals.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 2009

Biosensors exploit the specific binding between recognition molecule on the biosensor surface and target molecule in analyte and are used in the detection of specific biomolecules such as protein, DNA, cell, virus, etc., with a view towards developing analytical devices. Recently, application field of biosensors have been expanding from diagnosis to biodefense because they can basically serve as high performance devices. This review describes the basic information of biosensors including definition, classification, and operational principle. Moreover, we introduce micro/nano technology-based biosensors with better detection performance than traditional method and their application examples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2013

Formation and characterization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on various surfaces are the essential basis for many other applications, including molecular switches, biosensors, microfluidics, and fundamental studies in surfaces and interfaces. To improve the performance at these applications, it is a key to control the quantity of each molecule in various mixed SAMs on the surface. In this study, using mixed SAM of carbamate-based hydroquinone (HQ)-PhBr and11-mercaptoundecanol, the quantitative mass spectrometric method of mixed SAM was developed based on comparison study with XPS and FT-IR methods. In addition, our method was applied to another mixed SAM of biotinylated PEG alkane thiol and 11-mercaptoundecanol for verification purpose. Time-of-flight secondary mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis was performed to identify and quantify each molecule of mixed SAM along with principal component analysis (PCA). Since there is no matrix effect in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) techniques, we compared ToF-SIMS results with XPS and FT-IR results. Because PCA results from ToF-SIMS analysis are well matched with XPS and FT-IR results from both mixed SAMs, we are expecting that our method will be useful to identify and quantify each molecule in various mixed SAMs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.15-18
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• 2005

A ribonucleic acid (RNA) is one of the two types of nucleic acids found in living organisms. An RNA molecule represents a long chain of monomers called nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides of an RNA molecule constitutes its primary structure, and the pattern of pairing between nucleotides determines the secondary structure of an RNA. Non-coding RNA genes produce transcripts that exert their function without ever producing proteins. Predicting the secondary structure of non-coding RNAs is very important for understanding their functions. We focus on Nussinov's algorithm as useful techniques for predicting RNA secondary structures. We introduce a new traceback matrix and scoring table to improve above algorithm. And the improved prediction algorithm provides better levels of performance than the originals.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2006

Biophotonic sensors based on polymer waveguide with Bragg reflection grating are demonstrated in this work. Waveguide Bragg reflectors were designed by using the effective index method and the transmission matrix method. The grating pattern was formed by exposing the laser interference pattern on a photoresist. On top of the inverted rib waveguide, the Bragg reflection grating was inscribed by the O2 plasma etching. In order to perform the bio-molecule detection experiment, a calixarene molecule was self-assembled on top of thin Au film deposited on the waveguide Bragg reflector. To measure the response of the sensor, several PBS solutions with different concentrations of potassium ion from 1 pM to $100\;{\mu}M$ were dropped on the sensor surface. The shift of Bragg reflection wavelength was observed from the fabricated sensor device, which was proportional to the concentration of potassium ion ranging from 1 pM to 108 pM.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2021

Chromatin dynamics is essential for maintaining genomic integrity and regulating gene expression. Conserved bromodomain-containing AAA+ ATPases play important roles in nucleosome organization as histone chaperones. Recently, the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Abo1 revealed that it forms a hexameric ring and undergoes a conformational change upon ATP hydrolysis. In addition, single-molecule imaging demonstrated that Abo1 loads H3-H4 histones onto DNA in an ATP hydrolysis-dependent manner. However, the molecular mechanism by which Abo1 loads histones remains unknown. Here, we investigated the details concerning Abo1-mediated histone loading onto DNA and the Abo1-DNA interaction using single-molecule imaging techniques and biochemical assays. We show that Abo1 does not load H2A-H2B histones. Interestingly, Abo1 deposits multiple copies of H3-H4 histones as the DNA length increases and requires at least 80 bp DNA. Unexpectedly, Abo1 weakly binds DNA regardless of ATP, and neither histone nor DNA stimulates the ATP hydrolysis activity of Abo1. Based on our results, we propose an allosteric communication model in which the ATP hydrolysis of Abo1 changes the configuration of histones to facilitate their deposition onto DNA.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2012

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (${\beta}2m$), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-${\alpha}$), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2007

Significant progress has been realized in the design and synthesis of light emitting polymers that emit over the entire visible spectrum. However, up to seventy-five percent of charge recombination events can lead to triplet states that decay non-radiatively. Following the pioneering work in the field of small molecule organic light emitting devices, it has been found that solution processible iridium polymer complexes can be used to harness the wasted triplet energy. In this paper, new results with respect to the electrophosphorescence of solution processible tethered iridium polymer derivatives are presented. Furthermore, our approaches to the design of new high triplet energy conjugated polymer hosts are also reported.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

We propose an optical and an electrical detection methods for detecting various bio-molecules effectively with microcantilevers. The microcantilevers were fabricated employing surface micromachining technique that has attractive advantages in terms of cost efficiency, simplicity and ability of fabricating in array. The fluid cell system for injection of bio-molecular solution is fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a fused silica glass. The microcantilever is deflected with respect to the difference of the surface stress caused by the formation of self-assembled bio-molecules on the gold coated side of the microcantilever. It detected cystamine dihydrochloride and glutaraldehyde molecules and analyzed individual concentrations of the cystamine dihydrochloride solution. We confirm that the deflections of bending-up or bending-down are occurred by the bio-molecule adsorption and microcantilever can be widely used to a ${\mu}-TAS$ and a lab-on-a-chip for a potential detection of various bio-molecules.