• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.928-935
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• 2016

Hypsizygus marmoreus (white cultivar), also called white beech mushrooms, are edible mushrooms commercially cultivated in Korea and Japan. This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of H. marmoreus. H. marmoreus fruit bodies were divided into pileus and stipe. The pileus and stipe were extracted into water and 80% ethanol and their antioxidant activities were analyzed. The total polyphenol content was highest in the water extract (pileus 1137.39±0.38 mg of GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/100 g, stipe 700.86±0.06 mg of GAE/100 g) compared to the ethanol extract (pileus 923.47±0.18 mg of GAE/ 100 g, stipe 324.05±0.03 mg of GAE/100 g). Ethanol extracts from pileus showed better scavenging ability on DPPH (47.32±0.23% at 10 mg/ml) and ABTS (57.33±0.10% at 10 mg/ml) than the stipe and water extract groups. Water extract from pileus were more effective in reducing power and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value than stipe and ethanol extract. The toxicity of water and ethanol extracts was investigated using WST-1 (Water Soluble Tetrazolium salt) assay on the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Overall, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of extracts from H. marmoreus increased in a dose dependent manner while pileus was showed better total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities than stipe.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.875-883
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• 2022

This study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf and stem of Artemisia annua L. extract by hot water and 70% ethanol. The total polyphenol content was significantly higher in the 70% ethanol extract of Artemisia annua L. than in the hot water extract, but there was no significant difference in the total flavonoid content between the hot water extract and the 70% ethanol extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging ability was the highest in the vitamin C treatment group at the concentration of 62.5~500 ㎍/mL, followed by the 70% ethanol extract and the hot water extract. As a result of measuring the NO production inhibitory effect at 125 ~ 500 ㎍/mL, the hot water extract showed strong NO production inhibition at the concentration of 500 ㎍/mL, and showed the inhibition of NO production with concentration-dependent pattern. In addition to inhibitory activity of NP production, the 70% ethanol extract also showed an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines production. It is thought that it can be widely used in the treatment and improvement of inflammatory diseases because it shows antioxidant effects and significantly reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.491-498
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• 2009

We studied to develop high-efficiency removal system of odor and VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) from environmental infrastructure facilities and oil refineries, painting facilities and so on. It can replace RTO and RCO. We tried an removal experiment for VOCs (toluene, xylene, benzene, MEK(methyl ethyl ketone), ethanol, formalin etc. and odor compounds (hydrogen sulfide, etc.). In process, as pre-treatment we used the scrubber with vortex flow (Multi-scrone) to remove the hydrophilic VOCs and as post-treatment, used fibrous bio-filter to remove the hydrophobic VOCs. This hybrid system remove with high efficiency both the hydrophilic VOCs and hydrophobic VOCs. And we tried to make this system to be compact. In experiment using Multi-scrone, contact time is 2~3 seconds and absorption scrubbing water is diaphragm-type electrolysis water. hydrophilic VOCs like ethanol and relatively hydrophilic odor compounds like hydrogen sulfide is excellent, these substances has been removed almost completely, respectively 95~99%, 93~97%. And for MEK, formalin also Showed a high removal efficiency, respectively 78~90%, 72~85%. But in experiment using Multi-scrone, the hydrophobic VOCs like BTX showed a low removal efficiency, respectively 16~22%, 12~18%, 8~16%. In hydrophobic VOCs, toluene removal experiment using fibrous bio-filter, early efficiency was low but after 10days, adaptation period showed high efficiency 85~95%. but in the mixed phase, toluene and MEK efficiency reduced 5~10%. this show microorganism treat first MEK easy to remove. The removal efficiency for MEK using the fibrous biofilter was stable, 80~92%. This hybrid system is also high economical efficiency for RTO. This system reduce more than 50% the cost of equipment and maintenance. As a result, we expect this technology is in the limelight as high efficiency treatment of VOCs in mid-low price.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.29
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• pp.83-89
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• 2011

Various functional and useful components in Portulaca oleracea were extracted with ethanol and the optimum solvent conditions were set by monitoring of response surface methodology(RSM). A central composite design for optimization was applied to investigate the effects of the three independent variables of extraction temperature, ethanol concentration, and extraction time, on dependent variables including total phenolics, electron-donating ability, brown clolor and total flavonoids of Portulaca oleracea. The content of total phenol was essentially unaffected by extraction time or extraction temperature, but it was highly influenced by ethanol concentration. The maximum total phenol content was 31.70mg/mL obtained at 45.84% of ethanol concentration, $79.66^{\circ}C$, and after 2.67hr of extraction. Electron-donating ability (EDA) was affected by ethanol concentration and the maximum EDA was 74.67mg/mL at 52.95% ethanol concentration, $52.33^{\circ}C$ and 4.84hr of extration time. The browning color was rarely affected by extraction time but, it was highly influenced by ethanol concentration and extraction temperature. The maximum extent of browning color was obtained at 97.75% of ethanol concentraion, $65.88^{\circ}C$ and 2.93hr of extraction time. The content of total flavonoid was significantly influenced by extraction time, and the maximum total flavonoid level was 58.28mg/mL obtained at 96.62% ethanol concentration, $61.87^{\circ}C$ after 3.70hr of extraction. As a result, The optimal conditions for effective extraction were predicted as follows, 70.3% of ethanol concentration, $62.1^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature and 3.3hr of extraction time.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.569-579
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• 2019

In this study, the effect anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and liver protective activity was investigated via quick ultrasonic disintegration of pine pollen using a probe sonicator (PS) followed by the extraction with water, 70% ethanol, and 100% ethanol. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine in RAW264.7 cells induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The cell toxicity was also checked with an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the experiment was conducted using non-toxic $100{\mu}g/mL$. The NO inhibition rate was highest in the 70% ethanol PS group at $85.99{\pm}0.12%$. Also an excellent efficiency was obtained from the results of interlukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), which is related to inflammation-related cytokine, with the respective inhibition rates of 63 and 22%. To examine liver protective activity, HepG2 cells were treated with Taclin, and the generation of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured in the culture solution. From GOT and LDH generation results, the inhibition rates in the 70% ethanol PS group were 28% and 13%, respectively, which was higher compared to that of using negative control group. Our results suggest that pine pollen extracted in 70% ethanol using PS may be used to develop food products that have anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and liver protective effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.464-468
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• 2011

Halocynthia roretzi is one of the most important cultured marine species on the southern coast of Korea. Samples were extracted using methanol (ME), ethanol (EE) and water (WE) to evaluate the antioxidant activities and antilipase activity in Halocynthia roretzi extracts. Antioxidant potentials of the samples were determined by poly-phenol content, flavonoid content, free radical scavenging activity, reducing potential, and chelating activity. The ME showed significant scavenging activity (1176 ${\mu}g/mL$ IC50 for DPPH, and 895 ${\mu}g/mL$ IC50 for ABTS assay). The IC50 for lipase inhibition activity was 12,021, 6,004, and 14,979 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the ME, EE, and WE, respectively. In conclusion, Halocynthia roretzi extracts exhibited antioxidant activities and anti-lipase activity. These results suggest that Halocynthia roretzi extracts can be potentially used as a source of antioxidant and antiobesity agents.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.299-310
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• 2021

Glycerol is a non-volatile compound with no aromatic properties that contributes significantly to the quality of wine by providing sweetness and richness of taste. In addition, it is also the third most significant byproduct of alcoholic fermentation in terms of quantity after ethanol and carbon dioxide. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed as a fast non-destructive method in conjugation with multivariate regression analysis to build a model for the quantitative analysis of glycerol concentration in wine samples. The samples were prepared by using three varieties of red wine samples (i.e., Shiraz, Merlot, and Barbaresco) that were adulterated with glycerol in concentration ranges from 0.1 to 15% (v·v^-1), and subjected to analysis together with pure wine samples. A net analyte signal (NAS)-based methodology, called hybrid linear analysis in the literature (HLA/GO), was applied for predicting glycerol concentrations in the collected FT-IR spectral data. Calibration and validation sets were designed to evaluate the performance of the multivariate method. The obtained results exhibited a high coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.987 and a low root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.563% for the calibration set, and a R² of 0.984 and a RMSE of 0.626% for the validation set. Further, the model was validated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and limits of detection and quantification, and the results confirmed that this model can be used in most applications, as well as for quality assurance.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2002

In order to develop a new traditional liquor by using Paecilomyces japonica, alcohol fermentation condition was investigated. Ethanol was produced maximally when 1% P. japoniea and 10% koji were added into mash and fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. Sensory evaluation and physiological functionalities of P. japonica traditional liquors made by different addition ($0.1{\sim}2.0%$) of the fungus were also determined and compared. As 0.1% P. japonica was added to mash, the liquor was best acceptable, and its fibrinolytic activity and nitrite scavenging activity were 11.2U and 19.8%, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1557-1567
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• 2012

Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.6.4.2) is an important enzyme that reduces glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to a sulfydryl form (GSH) in the presence of an NADPH-dependent system. This is a critical antioxidant mechanism. Owing to the significance of GR, this enzyme has been examined in a number of animals, plants, and microbes. We performed a study to evaluate the molecular properties of GR (OsGR) from rice (Oryza sativa). To determine whether heterologous expression of OsGR can reduce the deleterious effects of unfavorable abiotic conditions, we constructed a transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing the GR gene cloned into the yeast expression vector p426GPD. OsGR expression was confirmed by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (semiquantitative RT-PCR) assay, Western-blotting, and a test for enzyme activity. OsGR expression increased the ability of the yeast cells to adapt and recover from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and various stimuli including heat shock and exposure to menadione, heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, and cadmium), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ethanol, and sulfuric acid. However, augmented OsGR expression did not affect the yeast fermentation capacity owing to reduction of OsGR by multiple factors produced during the fermentation process. These results suggest that ectopic OsGR expression conferred acquired tolerance by improving cellular homeostasis and resistance against different stresses in the genetically modified yeast strain, but did not affect fermentation ability.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Background: Although Gastrodia elata contains the valuable, bio-active compounds gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA), it also contain ρ-cresol, which is a major source of an objectionable pig slurry-like odor. Accordingly, this study was performed to determine the deodorization effect of Diaion HP-20 resin on a G. elata extract. Methods and Results: Using Diaion HP-20 with an increasing concentration of ethanol, an extract of G. elata was fractionated into 15 fractions, which were anlayzed to determine their concentrations of active compounds and ρ-cresol. The gastrodin, 4-HBA, total phenolics, and ρ-cresol concentrations of the G. elata extract were 403.13, 408.15, 2,476.09, and 11.77 ㎍/㎖, respectively. Among the different fractions, gastrodin and 4-HBA were detected in fractions 3 to- 6, and 4 to- 10, respectively whereas total phenolics were detected in all samples, with fractions 5 to- 7 being characterized by higher concentrations than were the other fractions. ρ-Cresol was detected in fractions 12 to- 15, at concentrations ranging from 0.39 ㎍/㎖ to 6.05 ㎍/㎖ with the highest concentration detected in fraction 14. The fractions containing ρ-cresol could be selectively separated from the G. elata extract without the loss of major bio-active compounds such as gastrodin and 4-HBA. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that a deodorizing method using Diaion HP-20 resin can be considered for improving the sensory qualities of G. elata extract without a loss of the major bio-active compounds.