• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.158-158
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• 2010

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2014

Ginseng leaf/stem extract produced by subcritical water extraction at high temperature ($190^{\circ}C$) posses higher cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines than ethanol extract. Subcritical water extraction can be a great candidate for extraction of functional substance from ginseng leaves/stems.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2012

Phenolic compounds of $17.9{\pm}1.0mg/g$ were extracted from Ulmus pumila with 70% ethanol. The elastase inhibitory activity related with forming wrinkle was shown an excellent wrinkle improvement effect in 70% ethanol extracts as 55.5-69.5% at phenolic concentration of $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity related with skin-whitening was 24% in 70% ethanol extracts at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The astringent activity of 70% ethanol extracts was shown activity of 71% at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$ therefore it is judged that there is a high effect on pores reduction of the skin. The hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of U. pumila extracts was confirmed anti-inflammation effect of 80% at phenolic concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Antimicrobial activity of U. pumila water extracts was shown each 8.7, 10.0, 11.1 and 11.8 mm clear zones on Propionebacterium acnes at phenolic concentration of $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The stability of the multi-functional cosmetic (lotion) added U. pumila extracts was very stable for 28 days without changing of pH and viscosity also it's stable on temperature and sun lights. As the concentration of extracts was increased, the color of lotion was getting dark, but the sensory evaluation was high at score of 8.5.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

A galactose-fermenting yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae No. 9, was selected by screening their abilities to produce carbon dioxide gas when grown on galactose. The selected strain, No. 9 and the reference strains NRRL Y-1528 which was exceptionally resistant to high concentration of substrate, were acclimated on sugars such as glucose, mannose, and galactose, and then their ethanol productivities were investigated during fermentation on these three carbon sources. Ethanol productivity of the strain No. 9 reached to the maximum levels after 18 h of fermentation and the ethanol yield was from 36 to 38% when presented as $[EtOH]_{max}/[Sugar]_{ini}(g/g)$, regardless of the conditions of acclimation. From the results obtained by acclimation and fermentation, it was concluded that the ethanol yields from galactose were not affected by the sugars acclimated. Improvements of the strain S. cerevisiae No. 9 were attempted to increase the fermentation efficiency and/or ethanol yields on high concentration of substrate by the conventional mutation methods employing methanesulfonic acid, ethyl ester (EMS). Mutants, Mut-5 (SJ1-40), -17 (LK4-25) and -24 (LK2-48) fermented galactose at the concentration of 20% in the levels of higher 39.9~51.6% than the mother strain, No. 9, however, their ethanol yields never exceeded those of the reference strain.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

This study investigated antioxidative and hypoglycemic activities of Omija for evaluation of usefulness as a functional food resource. Omija water extracts were extracted with water for 24 hr, 6 hr and 3 hr at room temperature, 60$^{\circ}C$ and 100$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Omija ethanol extracts were extracted with 60% ethanol for 24 hr and 3 hr at room temp temperature and 60$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The antioxidant properties of Omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon) extracts prepared under different extraction conditions were evaluated by a variety of radical scavenging assays including DPPH, $ABTS^{{cdot}+}$, and nitrite and reducing power. Hypoglycemic activity was examined for $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition using an in vitro model. The total phenolic content was also determined. Antioxidant activities of Omija were the highest in the group extracted with 60% ethanol for 3 hr. The ethanol extracts showed higher activity than water extracts. An extraction temperature was the highest in 60$^{\circ}C$. The total phenolic content extracted with 60% ethanol for 3 hr at 60$^{\circ}C$ was 530 mg GAE/100 g. The water extract extracted with water for 24 hr at room temperature showed the lowest antioxidant activity and phenolic content. $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was the highest in the group extracted with 60% ethanol for 3 hr at 60$^{\circ}C$, followed by the group extracted with 60% ethanol for 24 hr. The results suggest that extraction of Omija by 60% ethanol for 3 hr at 60$^{\circ}C$ will be useful as a functional food resource with natural antioxidants and hypoglycemic activities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.429-438
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the effects on anti-oxidative activities and increasing extraction yield of Aralia elata Cortex by gamma irradiation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis as physical techniques for irradiation identification of Aralia elata showed that a pair of peak appeared on a space of 6.0 mT at the left and right of symmetric unspecific central ESR spectrums, confirming that the plant was gamma-irradiated. The optimum extracting conditions for preparing gamma irradiated samples from Aralia elata Cortex were to extract with 50% ethanol for 15 hrs after 10 kGy irradiation. DPPH scavenging activity and ABTS radical cation inhibitory activity of the water and 50% ethanol extracts from non irradiated and irradiated Aralia elata Cortex was very high as over 80% and 98%, respectively, at tested low concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) as anti-oxidation indicator of lipophilic compounds showed a very high level of activity as 2.18~2.78 PF. As for TBARs, water and ethanol extracts showed high level. Increase of TBARs inhibitory activity of water extracts was not shown by gamma-ray irradiation but ethanol extracts showed slight increasement of TBARs inhibitory activity with 10 kGy gamma-ray irradiation. These results shown confirmed increasement of extraction yield for phenolic compounds and anti-oxidative activity from Aralia elata. Thus, the treatment of gamma-irradiation can be used a way to amplify a solubility for biological active compounds and anti-oxidative activity in plants.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2008

Nylon membrane was used to separate ethanol-water by a pervaporation method. Experimental equations were derived to use the simulation of membrane-aided distillation using nylon. The increases in permeation pressure resulted in the decrease in selectivity and energy consumption. The energy cost to enrich ethanol from 94 wt% to 99.5 wt% was calculated to be 53.3 won/kg of ethanol with extractive distillation and 18.9 won/kg of ethanol with a pervaporation method. The saving energy by the pervaporation method is consumed by recycling the permeate residue into the distillation column in the membrane-aided distillation column. Therefore, membrane with the high selectivity to minimize the permeate residue recycle is required to effectively enrich ethanol in the membrane-aided distillation method.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 2012

Sambucus williamsii var. coreana have been used as a traditional medical food. This research was conducted to investigate the antioxidants of S. williamsii var. coreana leave and stem extracts. Total phenolic content of S. williamsii var. coreana leaves and stem water extracts were 6.6 and 2.0 mg/mL. The EDA by DPPH free radical scavenging test of S. williamsii var. coreana leaves extracts were 99.5 and 89.7% in water and ethanol extracts contained phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The stem extracts were 92.2 and 94.3% in water and ethanol extracts contained phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical decolorization activity of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 79.8 and 99.1% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 90.8 and 97.2% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The antioxidant protection factor of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 1.1 PF and 1.1 PF at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 1.4 PF and 1.0 PF at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The TBARs of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 88.7 and 98.1% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 93.6 and 90.6% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The antioxidative activities of extracts from S. williamsii var. coreana leaves and stem were higher than BHT as positive control. These results suggests that S. williamsii var. coreana extracts have the greatest property as a natural antioxidative source.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.562-565
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• 2011

In this study, we developed a bioprocess using Clostridium ljungdahlii as a biological catalyst to produce bio-ethanol, and the effect of pH on microbial growth and ethanol production was investigated. From the results of fermentation at various initial pH condition without pH control, pH of fermentation broth decreased to 4.5 within 24 h due to accumulation of by-product acetic acid and both microbial growth and ethanol production were stopped. The experimental result of initial pH 8 showed the highest microbial growth and ethanol production (0.53 g/L), since the pH drop was relatively slow. From the experiment of pH 7 maintained fermentation using pH controllable bioreactor, the maximum cell dry weight of 1.65 g/L and the maximum ethanol concentration of 1.43 g/L were obtained within 24 h. In conclusion, the C. ljungdahlii growth was enhanced by pH maintenance of neutral range, and the ethanol production was also enhanced based on the growth-associated ethanol production characteristics of C. ljungdahlii.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2011

$\beta$-1,3-glucanase from Pyrococcus furiosus was applied for the saccharification of laminarin, which is a major oligo-saccharide component of brown algae, and the reaction mixture produced from laminarin was utilized as a substrate for alcohol fermentation using yeast. To prepare the recombinant $\beta$-1,3-glucanase, a $\beta$-1,3-glucanase gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Laminarin was degraded to an oligo- and mono-saccharide, such as glucose, after reaction with the purified recombinant $\beta$-1,3-glucanase, and the products after enzymatic treatment were confirmed by TLC and HPLC analysis. Decomposed laminarin after enzyme reaction was only added to the medium as a C-source for yeast alcohol production reaction. 0.3% alcohol production was detected from the cultured broth by gas chromatography after 48 hr of incubation. Further evaluation for optimal conditions of saccharification and alcohol fermentation can be suggested, as well as the possibility of using this enzymatic method to produce ethanol using laminarin.