• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.12 s.117
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• pp.1208-1214
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• 2006

ATM(automated-teller machine) is a machine that receives and pays money directly. The double bill detector(DBD) module of an ATM detects double bills from its thickness. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of the DBD was analyzed, which cannot be simulated correctly by a package program of SAMCEF. And the displacements of the lever was measured for various bills experimentally. The measured dynamic behaviors were analyzed kinematically using a vector equation and simulated dynamically by the derivation of equation of motion with consideration of damping and stiffness of the DBD and bills. The analysis showed that the spring constant of the system is not so influential, instead, the contact angle between the lever and bill needs to be larger than the existing DBD in order to be laster and reliable DBD.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.717-725
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• 2011

This study carried out surveys for 197 nail shop practitioners and 195 customers 1) to study the real condition of their hygiene awareness and safety consciousness and 2) to grasp their awareness of the necessity of legislating a related bill so as to build an independent domain of business and to propose data on the national qualification system of nail care. As a result, it was found that the level of the nail care practitioners' experiences of safety education was very low, and that the customers attached importance to the necessity of nail salon practitioners' certificate and license and the nail treatment-related bill more than the nail care practitioners themselves. In conclusion, the preparation of a nail art-related bill is required at the state level for the management of the safety and hygiene of national health, and systematic and regular education related to hygiene should be carried out.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.231-236
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• 2007

In this paper, we studied the possibility of non-contact bill counting method using optical fiber sensor instead of traditionally used friction counting method. To implement non-contact counting, we designed and made optical fiber sensor and related parts. optical fiber sensor is made of optical fiber of 1mm diameter, photo diode and laser diode. Based on the conclusion which derived from preliminary experiment, instrument part is designed to make unevenness on the surface of bill paper and to stay parallel with optical fiber section. By analyzing the signal of optical sensor, we made counting program. Experimental instrument is composed of sensor part, instrument part, signal handling part. We checked the possibility of non-contact counting method after implementing experiment by using optical fiber sensor and instrument part.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.467-470
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• 2013

Telecommunication cost have been increasing successively in Korean hoseholds and its level is high now. Even though here are a lot of issues related to the high bill of mobile telecommunication services, plausible solutions have not been provided yet. 99% of Koreans use mobile phones and it is the highest rate in the world, but bill is relatively high. This situation may be brought by the government policy selection that it supports three mobile telecom companies systems. Thus least efficient company should be supported to sustain by pricing policy and MVNO cannot come into the market. The government can make mobile pricing system consider revenue and cost only in proper manner and constrain marketing cost in the rational level. And it can reduce mobile bill levels and selection rights of consumers by restraining too much complicated bill system. Fairness of mobile phone bill levels could be achieves by mobile telecommunication structure improvement through active MVNOs and reduction of excessive marketing costs. Mobile bills can be made more acceptable if the base is measured rate system.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.169-190
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• 2009

In order to establish whether any charterparty terms are incorporated into the bill of lading, the first necessity is to specify the charterparty alluded to the incorporation clause in the bill of lading. However, this becomes a potential problem where the date of a charterparty is not inserted on the face of the bill of lading in case a vessel is in operation under a number of charterparties. Over many years this issue has frequently been raised before the English courts, but it is still causing problems. The purpose of this study is to examines the several English authorities which dealt with the issue relating to the specification of charterparty incorporated into the bill of lading and to present some interpretation rules and the order of priority. As a result, the comparative analysis of English authorities shows that they failed to give dear guidance on this issue. This article therefore suggests four interpretation rules such as the precedence of a B/L's face, the rule of appositeness, surrounding circumstances, the contra proferentem rule and shows that the precedence of a B/L's face is most applicable for all parties.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.153-172
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• 2018

In solving international commercial disputes, arbitration has a unique advantage. Therefore, when most parties sign a charter party, they contain arbitration clauses. Whether the arbitration clause in the charter party can be effectively incorporated into the bill of lading and bind to the third party-bill holder becomes an important issue. Based on the problem above, this paper compares the arbitration system between Korea and China, and discusses the composition of the Chinese Maritime Court and the Chinese court's adjudication of arbitration for foreign countries, which are recognized and enforced in China. What is most important in this study is observing the Chinese case from the beginning of 2000 to the present in order to rule whether the Chinese court can effectively incorporate the arbitration clause in the charter party into the bill of lading, as well as whether it constitutes an effective binding force for third parties and changes in standard of recognition. Finally, through comparative analysis, the study concludes that in China, the arbitration clause in the charter party can be effectively incorporated into the bill of lading, and that the conditions for the third parties can be effectively restrained. There must be several points to be noted when recording the bill of lading. This would then help reduce the legal risks and promote the sustainable development of international transactions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.523-529
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• 2021

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological changes are being applied in various fields. Automation digitization and data management are also in the field of bills. There are more than tens of thousands of forms of bills circulating in society and bill recognition is essential for automation, digitization and data management. Currently in order to manage various bills, OCR technology is used for character recognition. In this time, we can increase the accuracy, when firstly recognize the form of the bill and secondly recognize bills. In this paper, a logo that can be used as an index to classify the form of the bill was recognized as an object. At this time, since the size of the logo is smaller than that of the entire bill, FPN was used for Small Object Detection among deep learning technologies. As a result, it was possible to reduce resource waste and increase the accuracy of OCR recognition through the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

Special Act on Regulatory Freedom Zone and Regional Special Development Zonet" introduced a new type of 'Freedom Special Zone of Regulation' that is legally distinguished from the existing Special Districts for Regional and Regional Development to support the innovative and strategic growth of the areas, and even passed a number of legal grounds for providing innovative regulations for regional development projects or regional strategic industries within the Special Districts. Starting with the bill legislation proposed by The Parliament Members, Kim Kyung-soo on behalf of 33 suggestors, Choo Kyung-ho, Jung Sung-ho and Hong Il-pyo submitted the bill legislation on behalf of 10 to 12 proposers, respectively. As a major matter of issue, the purpose, designation, scope of application, promotion system, application of A Bill of Three kind on Regulatory Innovation, and Balanced National Development, many kind of regulation as like types of menu, special cases, punitive regulations, and so on have been argued until the end of the bill proposed from the beginning. In this study, the differences between the bill suggested by the Parliament members and bill approved already are to be compared and analyzed to confirm how the items on issue were reflected for the bill finally and to draw up measures for the correct operation of the special regulations.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-109
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out what factors influence lawmakers' voting decisions in the plenary session. In particular, the study examines causes and characteristics of waffling and strategic waffling, which express opposition or abstention in a discharge petition or a vote at the plenary session despite participating in a bill sponsorship. The study on waffling is meaningful because it has not been covered in previous literatures. To this end, the Gadeokdo New Airport Special Act, which the National Assembly passed in February 2021, was set as an analysis target. The study examined the factors that affected legislators' voting decisions and participation in bill sponsorship and who were related with waffling. Statistical results showed that the age variable influenced the motion of the bill while seniority and party affiliation had an effect on the participation of the bill. Likewise, the study found that party affiliation and district had an influence on the approval of the bill. In addition, the analysis of waffling showed that lawmakers with higher seniority tended not to participate in the vote. It could be interpreted that lawmakers with more legislative experience judged that they would benefit from strategic waffling. There is a limit to understanding lawmakers' decision-making and waffling through a limited analysis of the Gadeokdo New Airport bill. However, given that lawmakers tend to choose avoidance strategies in ambiguous situations, and given the high intelligence of lawmakers who know better than anyone about the future impact of a new bill, the decision-making shown by lawmakers in each stage of the situation is a prudent judgment gained from their experience. It indicates that it is necessary to research the legislative activities of lawmakers in various ways.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2007