• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-177
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• 2011

Nowadays, a capital flow and intimacy of financial system among countries have been increasing in global financial environment. So it is easily possible that the risk of some countries which are in financial crisis infects other countries in the world. A recent global financial crisis reminds countries in East Asia of advancing the financial cooperation as well as financial integration. Countries in East Asia agreed with the Chiang Mai Initiative to prevent a recurrence of financial crisis in East Asia. A bilateral swap arrangement of the CMI has several purposes in order to offer foreign currency liquidity against economic crisis, remove the opportunity cost of foreign exchange reserve, push ahead the financial integration, increase the export-import logistics and so on. This paper analyzes the effect of financial cooperation in East Asia on the export-import logistics with random effect estimation and fixed effect estimation. As a result, each of country in East Asia is able to increase almost 10.3% of the export-import logistics on average.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.264-268
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• 2017

South Korea has the highest reported suicide rate among all countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless and nontoxic gas. Nitrogen gas has, however, been recently used as a method of attempted suicide, its nontoxity notwithstanding. We herein report on an unusual case involving a 30-year-old male who presented with symptoms after a suicide attempt by nitrogen inhalation. Diffusion-weighted imaging of his brain was showed curvilinear high signal intensity in the bilateral frontal and right occipital cortices, with subtle low apparent diffusion coefficient value. In addition, T2-weighted images and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images revealed subtle high signal intensity in the bilateral frontal cortices, basal ganglia and occipital cortices with contrast enhancement.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.7-17
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• 2019

Purpose - In recent years, the bilateral political relationship between Vietnam and India was upgraded to strategic and comprehensive partnership. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze current relations and prospects of the Vietnam-India trade. Research design, data and methodology - The data was mainly based on World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) and Foreign Investment Agency of Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment (FIA) from 2010-2018. The relationship of the two countries has showed growth in all sectors, including trade cooperation. This paper focused on assessing the current relations of trade cooperation of the two countries and then andlyzed the prospects of trade cooperation in the next period. Result - The Indian Government's strategy shifted from "Look East" policy to "Look East" action by the end of 2015. Vietnam is a partner and a pillar of India's Look East policy (Muni, 2011). The governments of both countries should further strengthen exchanges and trade connections in order to provide cooperation opportunities for investors and businesses of the two countries. Conclusion - The paper discusses and gives an overview of the current status of the trade relations of Vietnam and India as well as lucidating the opportunities and challenges for two countries in the future.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.153-166
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• 2023

Purpose - This research empirically analyzes the influence of economic policy uncertainty and free trade agreements (FTAs) on bilateral trade volumes between Korea and its trading partners. The study investigates whether fluctuations in the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index (EPUI) for both Korea and its trading partners significantly impact trade volumes and whether the implementation of FTAs mitigates these effects. Design/methodology - The study employs dynamic panel data analysis using the system generalized method of moments (system GMM) estimation method to achieve its research objectives. It utilizes country-month-level panel data, including the EPUI, trade volume between Korea and its trading partner countries, and other pertinent variables. The use of system GMM allows for the control of potential endogeneity issues and the incorporation of country-specific and time-specific effects. Findings - The analysis yields significant results regarding the impact of economic policy uncertainty on Korea's exports and imports, particularly before the implementation of FTAs. An increase in the EPUI of trading partners leads to a notable increase in Korea's exports to them. Conversely, an increase in Korea's EPUI negatively affects its imports from trading partners. However, post-FTA implementation, the influence of each country's EPUI on trade volume is neutralized, with no significant difference observed. Originality/value - This research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the interaction effects between economic policy uncertainty and FTAs on bilateral trade volumes. The study's uniqueness lies in its examination of how FTAs mitigate the impact of economic uncertainty on trade relations between countries. The findings underscore the importance of trade agreements as mechanisms to address economic risks and promote international trade relations. In a world where global market uncertainties persist, these insights can aid policymakers in Korea and other countries in enhancing their trade cooperation strategies and navigating challenges posed by evolving economic landscapes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5132-5142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find effect of upper extremities exercises using two different supporting surface, mobile surface and fixed surface in sitting on the function of upper extremities for the patients with stroke. The study period was between July 5, 2012 and August 1 2012. The subjects were 20 subjects who were randomly divided into two groups : (1) mobile surface group, (2) fixed surface group. The mobile surface group performed bilateral upper extremities exercise sitting on balance disc, and the fixed surface group was provided fixed surface chair. Both groups performed 30 minutes 5 times per a week for 4weeks. The Manual Functional Test(MFT) and Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment(FMA) was used to measure the differences of upper extremity functions before and after interventions. The results of this study were as follows. First, Both groups, mobile surface group and fixed surface group showed the significant increase(p<.05) in upper extremity function. Second, the improvements of the hand function in mobile surface group showed significant difference comparing with the group with fixed surface. Therefore, the results of this study showed the bilateral hand exercise program on mobile surface is more effective than the fixed surface bilateral hand exercise program for the patients with stroke.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2020

The Republic of Korea (Korea) and the Russian Federation (Russia) are actualizing the cooperation in the Arctic area. As a result, Korean companies have begun to enjoy real economic benefits. However, since there are some troublesome aspects associated with this cooperation, measures that can lead to sustainable development through the supplementation of relevant norms are critical. Russia is also aware of these problems in obtaining economic benefits in the future; cooperation between the two countries should be extended to sufficiently cover this point. The laws related to the region are vague and do not encompass every field. In addition, when it comes to national interests, many situations arise from areas where international and national laws are not clearly harmonized. Therefore, efforts should be made to reflect the interests of both sides and to maintain economic benefits, in case Korea participates in Russia's development of the area, as well as for the legal foundation to reduce negative issues. The Korea-Russia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiation is on the track for the purpose. The two governments should consider various tasks, such as harmonizing with the former FTAs and dealing with the domestic law in accordance with the new FTA. The two countries also have to conduct researches on the efficient use of the FTA and for the 'Sustainable Arctic Development'.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.249-274
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• 2006

This study extensively investigated Japan's FTA strategy and plan of FTA policy and analyzed the economic effect caused by it. In the analysis of economic effect using world economical model shows not only positive economic effect in home country but also to the foreign country. Recently, Japan's bilateral relation with Korea and China is getting worse, not in a friendly way. Consequently Japan's future FTA negotiation will be expected to be focused on the East-Asia region. In other words, Japan expressed assistance for the purpose of communication, stability and prosperity in the East-Asia and will seek individual economic cooperation with each East-Asia country trying to reinforce the stand of Japan. This means that Japan is trying to improve the relation with Korea and China in the other way because it cannot change the relation with Korea and China on its own. That is to say, It can be interpreted as Japan is trying to reinforce the economic cooperation with other East-Asia countries for the realization of East Asia community rather than directly negotiating with Korea or China.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 2002

Recently, it appears that the major change in open skies agreement established the bilateral agreement and sub-regional multi-lateral agreement system with U.S.A. as the central figure. Specifically sub-regional multi-lateral air transportation cooperation is based on the bilateral agreement systems among the like minded countries. To develop the air transportation industry, Each country tries to come true free air transportation in bloc and deregulation in terms of market approach and traffic right. The purpose of this study is to look into the background of sub-regional air transportation cooperation and to expect the economic impact of the open skies agreement. We selected the Singapore in Asia-Pacific region as the subject of investigation. Even though Singapore is a small country in Asia-Pacific region. They have global competition power which is airport field as well as to airlines and tourism industry. Under this condition, we analyzed the economic impact of the open skies policy through the Input/Output analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.672-678
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• 2020

Ultra-high-speed images that accurately depict the minute movements of objects have become common as low-cost and high-performance cameras that can film at high speeds have emerged. In this paper, the proposed method removes unexpected noise contained in images after input at high speed, and then extracts an area of interest that can represent personal information, such as skin areas, from the image in which noise has been removed. In this paper, noise generated by abnormal electrical signals is removed by applying bilateral filters. A color model created through pre-learning is then used to extract the area of interest that represents the personal information contained within the image. Experimental results show that the introduced algorithms remove noise from high-speed images and then extract the area of interest robustly. The approach presented in this paper is expected to be useful in various applications related to computer vision, such as image preprocessing, noise elimination, tracking and monitoring of target areas, etc.

• Maritime Security
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2023

For the last 70 years, the U.S.-led bilateral security system, or "Hub-and-Spokes" system, has been applied to Northeast Asia, and the system has been successfully settled in terms of stability and economic achievements of the region. Given the increasing complexity of the security environment of East Asia, it is plausible to consider the possibility of a security system shift from bilateral alliances to collective security. In order to analyze the driver of collective security system, this study developed three factors of formation and development of collective security system - main threat, intensity of the threat, and confidence among countries in the system - by reviewing international political theories related to security cooperation. Comparing the formation, development, and achievements of NATO and SEATO, the study figures out that the existence of the main threat, the high intensity of the threat, and the strong confidence among countries in the security system are the primary drivers for a successful collective security system. Based on the result, the study also analyzed the possibility of a security system shift in East Asia. Considering contemporary international conflicts such as U.S.-China strategic competition, Russia-Ukraine War, and growing threats posed by North Korean nuclear and missiles, the study anticipates that the necessity of a collective security system that will replace the current security system of the region would arise. Still, although some issues between countries should be overcome, the growing intensity of the threats will promote cooperation among countries by improving their confidence.