• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.838-845
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• 2011

The present work describes the identification, purification, and characterization of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. The enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by hydrophobic chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and ultrafiltration. SDS-PAGE analysis of putative BSH and gel filtration revealed that the analyzed protein is presumably a tetramer composed of four monomers each of about 35 kDa. The purified enzyme was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to LTQ FT ICR mass spectrometry and unambiguously identified as a bile salt hydrolase from B. animalis. The isoelectric point of the studied protein was estimated to be around pH 4.9. The pH optimum of the purified BSH is between 4.7 to 6.5, and the temperature optimum is around 50oC. The BSH of B. animalis could deconjugate all tested bile salts, with clear preference for glycine-conjugated bile salts over taurine-conjugated forms. Genetic analysis of the bsh showed high similarity to the previously sequenced bsh gene from B. animalis and confirmed the usefulness of bile salt hydrolase as a genetic marker for B. animalis identification.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.580-583
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• 2007

Phytase activity was examined with various bifidobacterial strains cultured statically in MRS broth at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. Seven Bifidobacterium species showed mostly an intracellular phytase activity, though their specific activities were very low. The highest specific activity was found in Bifidobacterium animalis B33 strain, among 7 bifidobacteria tested. The specific activity was highest during the exponential growth phase. Carbohydrates and the concentration of phosphorus sources had an effect on the phytase activity and bacterial growth. Glucose was the most favorable carbohydrate for the phytase activity. Phytate inhibited the cell growth, and phytase activity decreased with increase of phytate concentration. The phytase activity was even higher in the static microaerophilic growth than that in anaerobic state, despite the stimulated growth in anaerobic growth. The optimal pH ranges were comparatively broad, but the optimal temperatures were $50^{\circ}C$ for all tested strains. The phytase activity was most active at pH 6.5 and $50^{\circ}C$ for B. animalis B33 strain.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2006

본 연구의 결과 각 깻잎 유산균(Bifidobacterium animalis DY 64) 바이오 된장은 실온에서 저장 30일 동안 Salmonella spy, Staphylococcus aureus 및 Escherichia. coli균에 대해 음성반응을 나타내었다. 호기성 미생물의 집락은 균일한 모양을 형성하였으며 잡균의 오염이 없고 콩 메주 속의 Bacillus spp.에 의해 숙성이 진행된 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 상온에 유지한 기능성 된장의 외관과 냄새에 대한 관능적 평가에서도 초기 제조 직후의 외관과 냄새를 유지하므로 서 품질열화에 영향을 나타내지 않았다. 깻잎 기능성 바이오 된장의 풍미에 대한 관능평가 결과는 3-5% 깻잎 처리군은 깻잎 특유의 풍미생성으로 높게 등급 되었으며, 파란 색조는 외관상 신선미를 느낄 수 있었다고 기록하였다 깻잎은 특유의 독특한 향미 생성으로 저 농도의 수준에서 냄새와 풍미에 대해 높게 등급 되었다. 본 연구의 결과 고정화 유산균(Bifidobacterium animalis DY 64)등을 이용하여 제조한 유자와 깻잎 바이오 된장은 상온 저장 동안 미생물학적 저장 안정성과 냄새, 외관 및 풍미에 대한 기호성 향상을 가능하게 하였다. 이전 연구에서 본 바이오 유가된장 및 깻잎 된장은 항산화 효과 및 고혈압억제 효과가 있음을 규명하였으며, 전통 발효식품인 재래된장의 기능적 품질향상 뿐만 아니라 관능적 품질에 대한 기호성 향상으로 내수 촉진을 가능하게 할 수 있을 것으로 검토되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.603-613
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• 2021

This research improved the growth potential of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis strain JNU306, a commercial medium that is appropriate for large-scale production, in yeast extract, soy peptone, glucose, L-cysteine, and ferrous sulfate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the components of this medium, using a central composite design and subsequent analyses. A second-order polynomial regression model, which was fitted to the data at first, significantly lacked fitness. Thus, through further analyses, the model with linear and quadratic terms plus two-way, three-way, and four-way interactions was selected as the final model. Through this model, the optimized medium composition was found as 2.8791% yeast extract, 2.8030% peptone soy, 0.6196% glucose, 0.2823% L-cysteine, and 0.0055% ferrous sulfate, w/v. This optimized medium ensured that the maximum biomass was no lower than the biomass from the commonly used blood-liver (BL) medium. The application of RSM improved the biomass production of this strain in a more cost-effective way by creating an optimum medium. This result shows that B. animalis subsp lactis JNU306 may be used as a commercial starter culture in manufacturing probiotics, including dairy products.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

본 연구의 결과 각 유자 유산균(Bifidobacterium animalis DY 64) 바이오 된장은 실온에서 저장 30일 동안 Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus 및 Escherichia coli 균에 대해 음성반응을 나타내었다. 표준평판배지에 배양동안 호기성 미생물의 집락은 균일한 모양을 형성하였으며, 잡균의 오염이 없고 콩 메주 속의 Bacillus spp.에 의해 숙성이 진행된 것으로 사료되었다. 유자 바이오 된장은 7.0% 첨가 그리고 10% 비피더스균 고정화 bead를 첨가하여 제조한 결과 30일 상온 저장 동안 외관, 풍미 및 냄새에 대한 관능 평가가 높게 등급되었다. 유자 바이오 된장의 관능 평가 결과는 저장 기간이 경과하므로서 향 생성은 감소하였으나 특유의 상큼한 풍미 생성으로 좋았다고 기록하였다. 본 연구의 결과 유자 바이오 된장은 대조군과 비교하여 냄새, 외관 및 풍미에 대한 기호성 향상을 가능하게 하였다. 이전 연구에서 본 유자 바이오 된장은 항산화 효과 및 고혈압 억제 효과 등의 기능성이 있음을 규명하였으며, 고품질 유자 바이오 된장의 미생물학적 저장 안전성과 기호성 향상에 의해 부가가치 창출을 가능하게 할 수 있을 것으로 검토되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2006

Aero-tolerant microorganisms were isolated from healthy Koreans over the age of 95 years. The microorganisms were then identified based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences. The growth properties of the isolated strains were investigated in kimchi. The characteristics of kimchi containing the microorganisms were studied microscopically, physicochemically, and organoleptically. Among 7 aero-tolerant strains, a strain with a 16S rDNA sequence exhibiting 99% homology with Bifidobacterim animalis strain B83 was selected and named B. animalis DY-64. The new strain showed a better acid resistance and salt resistance (p<0.05) than B. animalis ATCC 25527. After 15 days of fermentation in kimchi, the viability of B. animalis DY-64 was about 10%, and the kimchi had a better overall edible quality than conventional kimchi. Thus, it was found that the application of B. animalis DY-64 to kimchi preparation produced a good overall edible quality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1714-1723
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• 2012

${\beta}$-Glucosidase is necessary for the bioconversion of glycosidic phytochemicals in food. Two Bifidobacterium strains (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis SH5 and B. animalis subsp. lactis RD68) with relatively high ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities were selected among 46 lactic acid bacteria. A ${\beta}$-glucosidase gene (bbg572) from B. lactis was shotgun cloned, fully sequenced, and analyzed for its transcription start site, structural gene, and deduced transcriptional terminator. The structural gene of bbg572 was 1,383 bp. Based on amino sequence similarities, bbg572 was assigned to family 1 of the glycosyl hydrolases. To overexpress bbg572 in Bifidobacterium, several bifidobacteria expression vectors were constructed by combining several promoters and a terminator sequence from different bifidobacteria. The maximum activity of recombinant Bbg572 was achieved when it was expressed under its own promoter and terminator. Its enzyme activity increased 31-fold compared with those of its parental strains. The optimal pH for Bbg572 was pH 6.0. Bbg572 was stable at $37-40^{\circ}C$. It hydrolyzed isoflavones, quercetins, and disaccharides with various ${\beta}$-glucoside linkages. Bbg572 also converted the ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2. These results suggest that this new ${\beta}$-glucosidase-positive Bifidobacterium transformant can be utilized for the production of specific aglycone products.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2007

김치의 기능성 향상을 위해 내산소성의 Bifidobacterium animalis DY-64와 올리고과당을 첨가한 김치를 제조하고 발효과정동안 이화학적, 미생물학적 특성에 대해 조사하였다. $4^{\circ}C$, 30일간의 김치 발효과정 중 비피도박테리아는 1 log cycle이 감소되었으며 올리고과당을 함께 첨가한 군에서는 비피도박테리아의 생존률이 높게 유지되었다. 또한 Lactobacillus spp.와 Leuconostoc spp.의 생육 및 생존률이 더욱 증가되었다. 발효과정동안 비피도박테리아와 올리고과당 첨가 김치는 유기산(젖산과 초산)의 생성이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 올리고과당 김치는 일반 김치보다 신내, 신맛, 아삭아삭함이 더 높았다. 이러한 결과로 비피도박테리아 김치 제조시 시판 올리고과당을 첨가하면 비피도박테리아의 생존성을 증가시키며 장내에서는 prebiotics로서 이용되어 김치의 기능성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2022

Many probiotic species have been used as a fermentation starter for manufacturing functional food materials. We have isolated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 from the feces of infants as a novel strain for fermentation. While Glycine max has been known to display various bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-skin aging, and anti-cancer effects, the immune-modulatory effect of Glycine max has not been reported. In the current study, we have discovered that the extract of Glycine max fermented with B. animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 (GFB 8102), could exert immuno-modulatory properties. GFB 8102 treatment increased the production of immune-stimulatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages without any noticeable cytotoxicity. Analysis of the molecular mechanism revealed that GFB 8102 could upregulate MAPK2K and MAPK signaling pathways including ERK, p38, and JNK. GFB 8102 also increased the proliferation rate of splenocytes isolated from mice. In an animal study, administration of GFB 8102 partially recovered cyclophosphamide-mediated reduction in thymus and spleen weight. Moreover, splenocytes from the GFB 8102-treated group exhibited increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production. Based on these findings, GFB 8102 could be a promising functional food material for enhancing immune function.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2022

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives. Methods: A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans. Results: A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group. Conclusion: Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics.